1.01億美元墨西哥加強個人住房金融市場【外文翻譯】

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　原文</b></p><p>　　WB: $1.01 Billion to Strengthen the Private Housing Finance Markets in Mexico</p><p>　　Material Source: ht

2、tp://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS</p><p>　　Author: Gabriela Aguilar & Fernanda Zavaleta</p><p>　　SHF’s company is founded by congress in 1970 to expand American second mortgage mar

3、ket, increase the home loans ownership and mortgage capital income. Its scale is huge, the total sum of mortgage portfolio, including 2 trillion dollars 5690 billion mortgage assets are part of their investment. The subp

4、rime crisis continues, under the condition of the mortgage market downturn in 2008, the U.S. government announced on September 7, up to $200 billion may cost, took over the company and bankruptcy, </p><p>　　

5、Washington DC, November 6, 2008—The World Bank Executive Board of Directors (WB) approved today a loan of US$1,010 million for the Federal Mortgage Corporation (SHF). The objective of the project is to strengthen the SHF

6、´s financial and technical ability so it may carry out its mission of developing the housing financing market, with an emphasis on expanding the access to housing to low income groups.</p><p>　　“This lo

7、an supports the implementation of SHF´s Strategic Plan 2008-2012, which concentrates on expanding access to housing for lower income groups, drawing on its successful experience in expanding housing finance to middl

8、e-income families. The Bank will provide technical assistance to help the SHF develop new products designed to work with new financial intermediaries that are better positioned to provide finance to the lower income fami

9、lies.” expressed Axel van Trotsenburg, World Bank Directo</p><p>　　The Private housing finance markets strengthening project consist of two components:</p><p>　　A component that would restructur

10、e the short term debt of the SHF.</p><p>　　A component that would provide technical assistance for improving the policies, processes and internal organization of SHF, so it can better facilitate access to ho

11、using finance to low income households (those that make less than 6 minimum wages).</p><p>　　The SHF´s mandate is to develop the private housing finance market in the country. To do so it provides long

12、term credits to financial intermediaries that specialize in granting mortgages. The SHF issues debts secured by the Mexican Government to finance its activities in the primary and secondary housing markets, and the World

13、 Bank loan will support SHF in refinancing its debt portfolio.</p><p>　　Refinancing the short term debt will allow the SHF to back the mortgage growth through Special Purpose Financial Companies (SOFOLES) wh

14、ile the turmoil prevails in the international markets. It will also provide the space to implement the medium term objective: to improve accessible mortgage options for the underprivileged sectors. To do so, the SHF is b

15、eginning to work with other financial institutions —such as savings banks—which have comparative advantages for expanding access to loans for thi</p><p>　　“I think this loan comes at a very opportune moment

16、and coincides with the government’s strategy to mitigate the social and economic impact of the global financial crisis. The role of the SHF acquires greater relevance in sustaining financial flows to the housing sector d

17、uring this period and generates a positive impact on the construction sector and employment,¨ added Van Trotsenburg.</p><p>　　The financing for SHF is equivalent to approximately 40,000 housing loans (o

18、f a similar amount to the quantity the SHF offers on average); around an 8% of the general annual demand on housing, and covers nearly 4% of the annual objective proposed by the government. The amount of the loan is equi

19、valent to 1.5 percent of the total annual investment in housing in the country.</p><p>　　The WB has worked with the government in the housing sector and the development of its financial system since the late

20、 1990s. The support has been diversified in various instruments, from analytical reports and technical assistance to specific investment loans. In this sense, the loan represents a natural continuation of the support the

21、 Bank has provided to Mexico over the last decade. The world bank will help ink financial market and the credit markets remain stable and avoid potential risks. T</p><p>　　The Project is part of the new Coun

22、try Partnership Strategy that was presented to the Bank’s Board in April. This strategy is built upon the National Development Plan (2007-2012) which includes the objectives of reducing the housing deficit and expanding

23、 access to housing finance for middle and lower income families.</p><p>　　The loan is a US Dollar, Fixed Spread Loan with a grace period of five years and a repayment period of 30 years with level repayments

24、, and includes the option to convert into Mexican pesos.</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　1.01億美元：墨西哥加強個人住房金融市場</p><p>　　資料來源: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS&l

25、t;/p><p>　　作者：加布里埃拉 阿吉拉爾和佛南達 扎瓦樂塔</p><p>　　SHF公司是1970年由國會成立，意在開拓美國第二抵押市場，增加家庭貸款所有權和房屋貸款資金收入。其規(guī)模龐大，抵押投資組合總金額達1.29兆美元，其中5690億美元抵押資產(chǎn)是其自身投資的一部分。在次貸危機持續(xù)和房貸市場低迷的情況下，美國政府于2008年9月7日宣布以高達2000億美元的可能代價，接管了瀕臨破

26、產(chǎn)的公司及另一家政府贊助企業(yè)，美國政府中對房利美的原直接監(jiān)管單位為聯(lián)邦住屋企業(yè)督察局（OFHEO），現(xiàn)為新成立的聯(lián)邦住房金融局。受美國次貸危機的影響，美國房地產(chǎn)抵押貸款巨頭于2008年7月身陷700億美元虧損困境。之后美聯(lián)儲和美國證券交易委員會（SCE）迅速聯(lián)手出擊，對美股的穩(wěn)定起到立竿見影的效果美國政府2008年9月7日宣布，從即日起接管陷入困境的美國兩大住房抵押貸款融資機構。根據(jù)接管方案，美國財政部將注資，并收購相關優(yōu)先股；兩大機構

27、的首席執(zhí)行官被限令離職，政府相關監(jiān)管機構接管兩大機構的日常業(yè)務，同時任命新領導人。受美國房地產(chǎn)市場泡沫破裂沖擊，公司目前陷入全面危機。在過去一年，損失已超過140億美元。美國財政部長鮑爾森表示，這個問題問題使金融市場面臨系統(tǒng)性風險，接管這兩大機構是當前</p><p>　　華盛頓,2008年11月6日起,世界銀行理事會執(zhí)行董事會批準貸款101千萬美元,貸款給的聯(lián)邦住房抵押貸款有限公司(SHF)。實施這個方案的目的

28、是加強聯(lián)邦抵押有限公司的資金運作和技術能力,有利于發(fā)展住房融資市場,并重點強調(diào)擴展低收入群體擁有房屋的能力。</p><p>　　墨西哥世界銀行和哥倫比亞世界銀行董事長阿克賽爾范表達了其態(tài)度：“這項貸款為聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司實施2008-2012戰(zhàn)略計劃提供了支持,致力于擴大低收入群體擁有住房能力,并借鑒了擴大中產(chǎn)階級家庭住房資金的成功經(jīng)驗。銀行將提供技術援助來幫助聯(lián)邦與金融中介合作，開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品,也為低收入家

29、庭金融貸款更好的定位。”</p><p>　　私人住房金融市場的加固方案由兩個組成部分:</p><p>　　?聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司短期債務重組 </p><p>　　?為提高聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司的政策,流程和內(nèi)部組織而提供技術支持,那么它就可以為低收入家庭（是指那些掙不到最低工資標準的群體)更方便地存取貸款。</p><p>　　聯(lián)

30、邦聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司的任務是發(fā)展農(nóng)村個人住房金融市場。這樣做它可以給從事金融中介的機構發(fā)放長期貸款。聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司發(fā)行由墨西哥政府擔保的的債券，為其在一手和二手房屋市場提供資金，世界銀行的貸款將支持聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司重組債務總資產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　短期債務融資的確可以讓聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司通過一個以特殊目的成立的金融公司(簡稱SOFOLES)降低負債增長，并可以和混亂盛行的國際市場

31、接軌。它也將提供實施中期目的的空間:提高抵押選擇可弱勢領域的方面。為了要這么做, 聯(lián)邦抵押有限公司開始著手工作于其他金融機構，如儲蓄銀行，這種儲蓄銀行是指對于想要獲得更容易貸款的一部分人群比較有優(yōu)勢。</p><p>　　世界銀行董事阿克塞爾補充說“我想這次貸款處于非常時機和必須和以緩解社會和經(jīng)濟影響全球的金融危機為戰(zhàn)略的政委統(tǒng)一一致。聯(lián)邦住房貸款抵押有限公司在這一時期中所扮演的角色,是需要在房地產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得更恰當?shù)?/p>

32、維護金融流動,從而產(chǎn)生了積極的影響,對建筑行業(yè)及工作機會。</p><p>　　亞洲金融風暴可以相當于大約4萬聯(lián)邦抵押有限公司住房貸款(聯(lián)邦抵押有限公司提供平均同樣數(shù)量的平均);在8%的一般年度的需求幾乎覆蓋了住房,4%的年度目標所提出的政府。貸款的數(shù)額相當于1.5%投資的全年總住房在鄉(xiāng)下。</p><p>　　世界銀行曾經(jīng)與政府自20世紀90年代末共同從事于房地產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。支持各種樂器已

33、經(jīng)外形多樣,從分析報告和技術援助來具體的投資貸款。在這個意義上,貸款代表的自然延伸支持該銀行提供了到墨西哥在過去十年里的所有需要援助的地方的幫助。世界銀行將幫助墨金融市場和信貸市場維持穩(wěn)定,避免潛在的風險。上述貸款中的15億美元將用于提高就業(yè)率和改善就業(yè)情況,20億美元將用于社會保障和教育事業(yè),13億美元將用于節(jié)能減排和應對氣候變化。克勞蒂亞表示,墨西哥一直以來都是世界銀行的主要貸款國之一,經(jīng)濟危機爆發(fā)前(2000—2007年)該行年均

34、對墨貸款不到10億美元,隨著經(jīng)濟危機對墨影響的逐漸加深,世界銀行向墨西哥提供了強有力的幫助,預計今年墨西哥經(jīng)濟增長率有望達到3%,并逐漸擺脫危機影響。</p><p>　　該項目的一部分,這個新國家的合作戰(zhàn)略, 在四月被提交給銀行董事會成員。這個戰(zhàn)略是建立在國家發(fā)展計劃(2007-2012)包括目標,將房屋赤字并加強進入房地產(chǎn)金融中低收入家庭。</p><p>　　租借期是美元的貸款,固定