畢業(yè)設計外文翻譯--泄壓閥的最低要求

1、<p><b>　　浙江大學</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　畢業(yè)設計（論文）題目： </p><p>　　外文題目:MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES </p>&l

2、t;p>　　譯文題目： 泄壓閥的最低要求 </p><p>　　系 （部）： 機 械 系 </p><p>　　專業(yè)班級：過程裝備與控制工程0702 </p><p>　　學生姓名： </p><p>　　指導教

3、師： </p><p>　　2010年 9月 27 日</p><p><b>　　指導教師評閱意見</b></p><p>　　MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR</p><p>　　PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES</p><

4、;p>　　UG-136(a) Mechanical Requirements</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (1) the design shall incorporate guiding arrangements necessary to ensure consistent operation and tightness.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (2)

5、The spring shall be designed so that the full lift spring compression shall be no greater than 80% of the nominal solid defection. The permanent set of the spring (de?ned as the difference between the free</p><

6、;p>　　height and height measured 10 min after the spring has been compressed solid three additional times after presetting at room temperature) shall not exceed 0.5% of the free height.</p><p>　　UG-136(a)(

7、3) Each pressure relief valve on air, water over 140°F (60°C), or steam service shall have a substantial lifting device， which when activated will release the seating force on the disk when the pressure</p&g

8、t;<p>　　Relief valve is subjected to a pressure of at least 75% of the set pressure of the valve. Pilot operated pressure relief valves used on these services shall be provided with either a lifting device as desc

9、ribed above or means for connecting and applying pressure to the pilot adequate to verify that the moving parts critical to proper operation are free to move.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (4) the seat of a pressure re

10、lief valve shall be fastened to the body of the pressure relief valve in such a way that there is no possibility of the seat lifting.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (5) in the design of the body of the pressure relief v

11、alve, consideration shall be given to minimizing the effects of deposits.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (6) Pressure relief valves having screwed inlet or outlet connections shall be provided with wrenching surfaces to

12、 allow for normal installation without damaging operating parts.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (7) Means shall be provided in the design of all pressure relief valves for use under this Division for sealing all initial

13、 adjustments which can be made without disassembly of the valve. Seals shall be installed by the Manufacturer or Assembler at the time of initial adjustment. Seals shall be installed in a manner to prevent changing the a

14、djustment without breaking the seal. For pressure relief valves larger</p><p>　　Than NPS 1|2 (DN 15), the seal shall serve as a means of identifying the Manufacturer Or Assembler making the initial adjustmen

15、t.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (8) If the design of a pressure relief valve is such that liquid can collect on the discharge side of the disk, except as permitted in (a)(9) below, the valve shall be equipped with a d

16、rain at the lowest point where liquid can collect (for installation, see UG-135).</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (9) Pressure relief valves that cannot be equipped with a drain as required in (a) (8) above because of de

17、sign or application may be used provided:</p><p>　　(a) The pressure relief valves are used only on gas service where there is neither liquid discharged from the valve nor liquid formed by condensation on the

18、 discharge side of the valve; and</p><p>　　(b) the pressure relief valves are provided with a cover or discharge piping per UG-135(f) to prevent liquid or other contaminant from entering the discharge side o

19、f the valve; and</p><p>　　(c) The pressure relief valve is marked FOR GAS SERVICE ONLY in addition to the requirements of UG-129.</p><p>　　UG-136(a) (10) for pressure relief valves of the diaphr

20、agm type, the space above the diaphragm shall be vented to prevent a buildup of pressure above the diaphragm. Pressure relief valves of the diaphragm type shall be designed so that failure or deterioration of the diaphra

21、gm material will not impair the ability of the valve to relieve at the rated capacity.</p><p>　　UG-136(b) Material Selections</p><p>　　UG-136(b) (1) Cast iron seats and disks are not permitted.&

22、lt;/p><p>　　UG-136(b) (2) Adjacent sliding surfaces such as guides and disks or disk holders shall both be of corrosion resistant material. Springs of corrosion resistant material or having a corrosion resistan

23、t coating are required. The seats and disks of pressure relief valves shall be of suitable material to resist corrosion by the ?uid to be contained.</p><p>　　NOTE: The degree of corrosion resistance, appropr

24、iate to the intended</p><p>　　service, shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and</p><p>　　The purchaser.</p><p>　　UG-136(b)(3) Materials used in bodies and bonnets

25、 or yokes shall be listed in Section II and this Division.Carbon and low alloy steel bodies, bonnets, yokes and bolting (UG-20) subject to in-service temperatures colder than ?20°F(?30°C) shall meet the require

26、ments of UCS-66, unless exempted by the following.</p><p>　　(a) The coincident ratio de?ned in Fig. UCS-66.1 is 0.35 or less.</p><p>　　(b) The material(s) is exempted from impact testing per Fig

27、. UCS-66.</p><p>　　UG-136(b) (4) Materials used in nozzles, disks, and other parts contained within the external structure of the pressure relief valves shall be one of the following categories:</p>&

28、lt;p>　　(a) Listed in Section II;</p><p>　　(b) listed in ASTM speci?cations;</p><p>　　(c) Controlled by the Manufacturer of the pressure relief valve by a speci?cation ensuring control of chem

29、ical and physical properties and quality at least equivalent to ASTM standards.</p><p>　　UG-136(c) Inspection of Manufacturing and/or Assembly of Pressure Relief Valves</p><p>　　UG-136(c)(1) A M

30、anufacturer or Assembler shall demonstrate to the satisfaction of a representative from an ASME designated organization that his manufacturing, production, and testing facilities and quality control procedures will insur

31、e close agreement between the performance of random production samples and the performance of those valves submitted for Capacity Certi?cation.</p><p>　　UG-136(c) (2) Manufacturing, assembly, inspection, and

32、 test operations including capacity are subject to inspections at any time by a representative from an ASME designated organization.</p><p>　　UG-136(c) (3) A Manufacturer or Assembler may be granted permiss

33、ion to apply the UV Code Symbol to production pressure relief valves capacity certi?ed in accordance with UG-131 provided the following tests are</p><p>　　Successfully completed. This permission shall expire

34、 on the ?fth anniversary of the date it is initially granted. The permission may be extended for 5 year periods if the following tests are successfully repeated within the 6-month period before expiration.</p><

35、;p>　　(a) Two sample production pressure relief valves of a size and capacity within the capability of an ASME accepted laboratory shall be selected by a representative from an ASME designated organization.</p>

36、<p>　　(b) Operational and capacity tests shall be conducted in the presence of a representative from an ASME designated organization at an ASME accepted laboratory. The pressure relief valve Manufacturer or Assemble

37、r shall be noticed of the time of the test and may have representatives present to witness the test. Pressure relief valves having an adjustable blow down construction shall be adjusted by the Manufacturer or Assembler f

38、ollowing successful testing for operation but prior to ?ow testing so t</p><p>　　(c) Should any pressure relief valve fail to relieve at or above its certi?ed capacity or should it fail to meet performance r

39、equirements of this Division, the test shall be repeated at the rate of two replacement pressure relief valves, selected in accordance with (c)(3)(a) above, for</p><p>　　Each pressure relief valve that faile

40、d.</p><p>　　(d) Failure of any of the replacement pressure relief valves to meet the capacity or the performance requirements of this Division shall be cause for revocation within 60 days of the authorizatio

41、n to use the Code Symbol on that particular type of pressure relief valve. During this period, the Manufacturer or Assembler shall demonstrate the cause of such decadency and the action taken to guard against future occu

42、rrence, and the requirements of (c) (3) above shall apply.</p><p>　　UG-136(c) (4) Use of the Code Symbol Stamp by an Assembler indicates the use of original, unnoticed parts in strict accordance with the ins

43、tructions of the Manufacturer of the pressure relief valve.</p><p>　　(a) An assembler may transfer original and unnoticed pressure relief parts produced by the Manufacturer to other Assemblers provided the f

44、ollowing conditions are met:</p><p>　　(1) Both Assemblers have been granted permission to apply the V or UV Code Symbol to the speci?c valve type in which the parts are to be used;</p><p>　　(2)

45、The Quality Control System of the Assembler receiving the pressure relief valve parts shall de?ne the controls for the procurement and acceptance of those parts; and</p><p>　　(3) The pressure relief valve pa

46、rts are appropriately packaged, marked, or sealed by the Manufacturer to ensure that the parts are:</p><p>　　(a) Produced by the Manufacturer; and</p><p>　　(b) The parts are original and unnotic

47、ed. However, an Assembler may convert original ?nished parts by machining to another ?nished part for a speci?c application under the following conditions:</p><p>　　(1) Conversions shall be speci?ed by the M

48、anufacturer. Drawings and/or written instructions used for part conversion shall be obtained from the Manufacturer and shall include a drawing or description of the converted Part before and after machining.</p>&

49、lt;p>　　(2) The Assembler’s quality control system, as accepted by a representative from an ASME designated organization, must describe in detail the conversion of original parts, provisions for inspection and acceptan

50、ce, personnel training, and control of current Manufacturer’s</p><p>　　Drawings and/or written instructions.</p><p>　　(3) The Assembler must document each use of a converted part and that the pa

51、rt was used in strict accordance with the instructions of the Manufacturer.</p><p>　　(4) The Assembler must demonstrate to the Manufacturer the ability to perform each type of conversion. The Manufacturer sh

52、all document all authorizations granted to perform part conversions. The Manufacturer</p><p>　　And Assembler shall maintain a ?le of such authorizations.</p><p>　　(5) At least annually a review

53、shall be performed by the Manufacturer of an Assembler’s system and machining capabilities. The Manufacturer shall document the results of these reviews. A copy of this documentation shall be kept on ?le by the Assembler

54、. The review results shall be made available to a representative from an ASME designated organization.</p><p>　　UG-136(c) (5) In addition to the requirements of UG-129, the marking shall include the name of

55、the Manufacturer and the ?nalAssembler. The Code Symbol Stamp shall be that of the ?nal Assembler.</p><p>　　NOTE: Within the requirements of UG-136(c) and (d): A Manufacturer is de?ned as a person or organiz

56、ation who is completely responsible for design, material selection, capacity cortication, manufacture of all component parts, assembly, testing, sealing, and shipping of pressure relief valves credited under this Divisio

57、n. An Assembler is de?ned as a person or organization who purchases or receives from a Manufacturer or another Assembler the necessary component parts or pressure relief valves and </p><p>　　UG-136(d) Produc

58、tion Testing by Manufacturers and Assemblers</p><p>　　UG-136(d) (1) each pressure relief valve to which the Code Symbol Stamp is to be applied shall be subjected to the following tests by the Manufacturer or

59、 Assembler. A Manufacturer or Assembler shall have a documented program for the application, calibration, and maintenance</p><p>　　Of gages and instruments used during these tests.</p><p>　　UG-1

60、36(d)(2) The primary pressure parts of each pressure relief valve exceeding NPS 1 (DN 25) inlet size or 300 psi (2100 MPa) set pressure where the materials used are either cast or welded shall be tested at a pressure<

61、/p><p>　　Of at least 1.5 times the design pressure of the parts. These tests shall be conducted after all machining operations on the parts have been completed. There shall be no visible sign of leakage.</p&

62、gt;<p>　　UG-136(d) (3) the secondary pressure zone of each closed bonnet pressure relief valve exceeding NPS 1 (DN 25) inlet size when such pressure relief valves are designed for discharge to a closed system shal

63、l be tested</p><p>　　With air or other gas at a pressure of at least 30 psi (200 kPa). There shall be no visible sign of leakage.</p><p>　　UG-136(d) (4) each pressure relief valve shall be teste

64、d to demonstrate its popping or set pressure. Pressure relief valves marked for steam service or having special internal parts for steam service shall be tested with steam, except that pressure relief valves beyond the c

65、apability Of the production steam test facility either because of size or set pressure may be tested on air. Necessary corrections for differentials in popping pressure between steam and air shall be established by the M

66、anufa</p><p>　　UG-136(d) (5) after completion of the tests required by (d) (4) above, a seat tightness test shall be conducted. Unless otherwise designated by a Manufacturer’s published pressure relief valve

67、 speci?cation or another speci?cation agreed to by the user, the seat tightness test and acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with API 527.</p><p>　　UG-136(d) (6) Testing time on steam pressure relief

68、valves shall be sufficient, depending on size and design, to insure that test results are repeatable and representative of held performance.</p><p>　　UG-136(e) Design Requirements.</p><p>　　At t

69、he time of the submission of pressure relief valves for capacity cortication, or testing in accordance with (c) (3) above, the ASME designated organization has the authority to Review the design for conformity with the r

70、equirements of UG-136(a) and UG-136(b) and to reject or require medication of designs which do not conform, prior to capacity testing.</p><p>　　UG-136(f) Welding and Other Requirements.</p><p>　

71、　All welding, brazing, heat treatment, and nondestructive examination used in the construction of bodies, bonnets, and yokes shall be performed in accordance with the Applicable requirements of this Division.</p>

72、<p>　　Selections from：ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE AN INTERNATIONAL CODE</p><p><b>　　泄壓閥的最低要求</b></p><p>　　UG(a)136機械需求 UG 136(a)（1）設計應納入指導和進行必要安排以確保一致的行動 和密封性。</p&

73、gt;<p>　　UG 136（a）（2）彈簧的設計應使全面彈力壓縮不大于固體變形尺寸的80%彈簧的殘余變形（定義是：在室溫下預先設定后，彈簧的自由高度與常溫強壓處理后壓并三次再放開10min后測量的高度之差）不得超過自由高度的0.5％ </p><p>　　UG 136（a）（3）每個泄壓閥，在空氣中，超過140華氏度（60℃）的熱水或蒸汽系統中都應裝有可靠的提升裝置。當安全閥將受到至少75％的閥

74、的設定壓力時，提升機構動作，釋放閥座上的密封力。用于這些工況上的導閥應有如上描述的提升機構或有施加壓力的裝置，以驗證該運動部件正常運行可自由移動。</p><p>　　UG 136（a）（4）泄壓閥座應固定在瀉壓閥體上，在這樣一種方式下，沒有座移動的可能性。</p><p>　　UG-136（a）（5）在泄壓閥體的設計中，應考慮到盡量減少沉積的影響。</p><p>

75、;　　UG 136（a）（6）泄壓閥有螺紋連接的入口或出口，應該具有扳手擰轉面，以便正常安裝而不損壞工作部件。</p><p>　　UG 136（a）（7）這種方法提供的設計可以運用在所有泄壓閥上，密封所有初步調整而沒有閥的拆卸過程。密封應由制造商或匯編在最初的調整中進行。密封應以一種好的方式安裝來阻止初調的改變而不破壞密封的調整。為了泄壓閥更實用該密封應作為一種方式來識別制造商或匯編程序作出的初步調整。<

76、/p><p>　　UG 136（a）（8）除了下面（a）(9)允許的之外，如果泄壓閥的設計要使液體在閥瓣的泄放側匯集，則應在匯集液面的最低處設置一個排放管（安裝，見UG-135）</p><p>　　UG 136（a）（9）泄壓閥因為設計或使用的原因不能按上面（a）（8）的要求設置排放口，可以使用，但：</p><p>　?。?）泄壓閥只應用在氣體的傳送上在那里既沒有液

77、體排出也沒有液體的形成</p><p>　　（2）泄壓閥按UG-135（f）設計一個蓋子和排放管道以防止液體或其他污染物的排放進入側閥門; （3）泄壓閥除了滿足UG-129要求外還應標志“僅用于氣體工況”字樣</p><p>　　UG 136（a）（10）對于隔膜式類型的泄壓閥 ，膈膜以上的空間應 通氣，以防止上部隔膜壓力的產生。隔膜式的壓力調節(jié)閥應該被設計成在隔膜材料失效或損壞時，不

78、影響在額定排量下閥的泄放能力。</p><p>　　UG 136（b）材料的選擇 UG 136（b）（1）鑄鐵支座和閥瓣是不允許的UG的136（b）（2）相鄰滑動面，如導向套，閥瓣或閥瓣夾持器，都應使用腐蝕耐磨材料。彈簧應由腐蝕耐磨材料或在彈簧上涂一層耐腐蝕涂料制成。該泄壓閥的支座和閥瓣盤，應由能耐貯存介質腐蝕的合成材料制成。</p><p>　　注意：適合使用條件的耐腐蝕程度，應由制

79、造商和買方之間協議事項 UG 136（b）（3）閥體及閥蓋或閥軛應是應是列于第二卷或本冊的材料。操作溫度低于-20F(-29C)的碳鋼和低合金鋼。閥體、閥座、閥軛、和螺栓（UG-20）應符合UCS-66的要求，下面的豁免除外：（a）按圖UCS-66.1定義的相應比值小于等于0.35（b）按圖UCS-66材料不受沖擊試驗。</p><p>　　UG的136（b）（4）用于接管，閥瓣及泄壓裝置的其他外部構件材料

80、應屬于下列類別之一：</p><p>　?。?）列于第二卷的材料; </p><p>　　（2）列于ASTM標準中的材料; （3）由泄壓閥出版商控制的材料，其化學，物理和質量規(guī)范的控制等效于ASTM標準。 UG的136（c）泄壓閥的制造和檢查</p><p>　　UG的136（c）（1）制造廠或裝配廠應向ASME指定組織的代表表明其制造業(yè)， 生產，檢測設備和質量

81、控制程序能保證產品抽樣的性能與為排量驗證提交的那些閥的性能是一致的。</p><p>　　UG的136（c）（2）制造，裝配， 檢查和測試業(yè)務，包括能力將在任何時間受到檢查由ASME指定機構的代表。</p><p>　　UG的136（c）（3）如果下述試驗全部合格，制造廠或裝配廠可以將UV規(guī)范標志用于生產的按UG-131驗證排量的泄壓閥。該授權在初始批準5周年后的那一天失效，如果在失效前6

82、個月內下列試驗重復合格的可延長5年有效期。</p><p>　?。╝）再生產的泄壓閥（尺寸和排量在ASME認可的實驗室能力范圍內）中，由ASME指定機構的代表選擇兩個泄壓閥樣品</p><p>　?。╞）操作和排量測試應在ASME認可的實驗室有ASME指定機構代表在場進行。應通知泄壓閥制造廠或裝備廠試驗的時間，制造廠或裝備廠可派人到現場觀察實驗。具有瀉放可調結構的泄壓閥應有制造廠或裝配廠在

83、操作試驗合格后但在流量試驗之前進行調整，使泄放壓力不超過調定壓力的7%或3PSI(20.6Kpa)，取兩者中較大者，這一調解可在流量試驗裝置上進行。</p><p>　　（c）如果任何泄壓閥在等于或高于其認證的能力范圍內不能緩解或者不能滿足其性能要求，則應該取不合格泄壓閥的兩倍數量進行復試按上面的（c）（3）（a）取樣。 （d）如果還不能符合其標志排量或本冊的性能要求，則應當撤銷在60天的授權使用，在這一

84、時期，制造廠應說明故障產生的原因和防范繼續(xù)發(fā)生所采取的措施，并按上面（c）（3）的要求進行首次排量標定。</p><p>　　UG 136（c）（4）裝配廠使用規(guī)范標志鋼印表示所使用的零件時初次使用的是嚴格按照泄壓閥制造廠的說明書未經改動的部件</p><p>　?。╝）一家裝配廠可以將制造廠生產的原始的未經改動的泄壓閥零件轉移到另一家裝配廠，但要符合下列條件：</p>&l

85、t;p>　?。?）兩裝配廠均獲準在使用該零件的特定閥型上使用V或UV規(guī)范標志; （2）質量控制系統的泄壓閥的部分應該界定對于那些采購和驗收控制部分程序; （3）泄壓閥零件妥善包裝，標識，或由制造商蓋章，以確保零件是：</p><p>　?。╝）生產制造商生產（b）零件是最初的未經改變的然而，裝配廠可將原有的加工成品轉到另一部分，為完成特定的應用. 在下列情況下的具體應用：</p><

86、;p>　?。?）轉換應當由生產廠家指定，圖紙和零件轉換使用的書面說明部分應該被制造商接受或者應該有前后加工轉化部分的圖紙和說明</p><p>　　（2）組裝的質量控制體系， 由一個來自指定ASME 組織的代表接受，必須詳細說明原裝零件的改變程序，包括檢查和驗收規(guī)定， 人員培訓，以及現行版本制造廠圖紙或書面說明的控制。 （3）裝配廠必須記錄每一個轉換部分的使用，而該部分是在按照制造商的指示嚴格的使用 （

87、4）裝配廠必須對制造商表現出有能力執(zhí)行每個類型的操作。制造廠應以文件授權零件的改制。雙方應保存該授權文件</p><p>　?。?）制造廠應對裝配廠的體系和機加工能力做每年一次的評審。制造商須記錄這些審查的結果 這方面的一個文件的副本應由裝配廠妥善保存，審查結果應提供給一名ASME指定機構代表查閱 UG 136（c）（5）除了UG 129的要求之外 銘牌標記還應包括制造廠和最終裝配廠的名稱。并使用最終裝

88、配廠的規(guī)范標識鋼印。</p><p>　　注意：在對UG 136的要求（c）和（d）：制造商指的是一個人或組織，他對按照本冊要求的泄壓閥的設計、選材、排量驗證及所有部件的裝配，測試，封裝，和航運等完全負責。裝配廠指的是為一個人或一個組織他從制造廠那里購買接收必要的泄壓閥零部件對按照本次要求的泄壓閥進行組裝，調整，測試，密封，船運。上述活動場所及使用的裝置都不是制造廠所使用的，裝配廠在組織上可與制造廠無關或整個或部

89、分屬于制造廠。</p><p>　　UG 136（d）制造廠及裝配廠的生產試驗 UG 136（d）（1）每一個泄壓閥的鋼印，應由制造廠做下面的測試。 一個制造廠應該有書面的程序，規(guī)定其試驗時所用的儀表的使用校驗和維護。 UG 136（d）（2）對進口尺寸超過NPS1（DN25）或調定壓力超過300psi(2070kpa)的每個泄壓閥的直接受壓件，其使用的材料是鑄造或焊接的，該部件應在1.5倍

90、設計壓力下進行試驗。這些試驗應在部件所有機械加工操作完成后進行。不得有明顯的跡象泄漏</p><p>　　UG 136（d）（3）每一個進口尺寸超過NPS1（DN25）的密閉帽蓋，當泄壓閥的流體向一密閉系統瀉放時應在壓力不小于30psi(207kpa)的空氣或其他氣體對他的二次受壓區(qū)進行試驗。不得有滲漏明顯的跡象。</p><p>　　UG 136（d）（4）每個瀉壓閥應通過測試，證明其彈

91、出或設定壓力。用于蒸汽或具有用于蒸汽的特殊內件的泄壓閥應用蒸汽做實驗由于規(guī)格或調定壓力超過發(fā)生蒸汽實驗裝置的能力時可用空氣進行試驗。制造廠應確定蒸汽和空氣之間的爆鳴壓力差值的必要校正并將它用于空氣爆鳴點。標明用于氣體或蒸汽泄壓閥可用空氣進行試驗。標明用于液體或蒸汽的泄壓閥可用水或其他合適的液體進行試驗，當閥門對背壓疊加，溫度或蒸汽和空氣之間爆鳴壓差的工況做了校正。實際的試驗壓力（冷差壓試驗壓力）應該按UG 129的要求標志在閥門上。所用

92、的實驗裝置及試驗圓筒應具有足夠的尺寸及容量，以保證泄壓閥在標志調定壓力UG- 134（d）要求的允差內動作</p><p>　　UG 136（d）（5）在完成上面要求的測試后，應進行氣密性測試。 除非另有由制造商指定的設計，泄壓閥規(guī)范或其他規(guī)范由用戶同意，氣密封性試驗和驗收標準應符合API 527的規(guī)定。 UG的136（d）（6）對蒸汽壓力釋放閥門的測試時間應足夠長， 為了保證測試結果的重復性和代表性

93、的性能。</p><p>　　UG 136（e）設計要求。</p><p>　　在提交泄壓閥做排量驗證或按UG136（c）（3）試驗時， ASME指定機構有權 檢討符合設計的要求 看其是否符合UG - 136（1）和UG – 136的要求并在排量試驗前有權拒絕或要求修改不符合要求的設計</p><p>　　UG的136（f）焊接和其他要求.</p>&