機(jī)械加工外文翻譯---高速加工和現(xiàn)代模具制造

1、<p><b>　　附錄二 外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Treating and the modern mould make high speed</p><p>　　One, summarizes</p><p>　　1 the present situation that the mould makes at pres

2、ent and trend</p><p>　　The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrica

3、tion. The mould is important handicraft equipment , occupies decisive position in industrid departments such as consumer goods , electrical equipment electron , automobile , aircraft fabrication. Industrial product part

4、rough process 75%, the finish machining 50% and plastic part 90% will be completed from the moul</p><p>　　Chinese mould industry has been expanding by leaps and bounds , has formed east China and two big Sou

5、th China bases, and has expanded gradually arriving at other province. In 2002 (Shandong , Anhui , Sichuan) in 1996 ~, mould manufacturing industry output value annual average growth 14% , grows by 25% in 2003. In 2003 o

6、ur country mould output value is 45 billion RMB. The gross product place occupies the world the 3rd, exports a mould increases 33.5% compared to last year 336,800,000 U. S. dollar</p><p>　　Precise mould accu

7、racy requires that 3 mu ms , large-scale moulds require that 8000 satisfied kN agree well with model force injection machine request in 2 ~; The minitype mould needs the request satisfying the diameter 1 mm silent stock

8、tube. At present, adopt quick-cutting to produce a mould already becoming the general trend that the mould makes, a few moulds have produced a manufacturer in abroad , high-speed machine tool large area has substituted t

9、he electric spark machine tool , quick-cut</p><p>　　2 high speed processes application in making in the mould</p><p>　　2.1 quick-cutting merit:</p><p>　　1) cutter high rotation rate

10、 and the machine tool height enter be given to and high acceleration , improve metal excision rate greatly;</p><p>　　2) quick-cutting diminutions cut a force;</p><p>　　3) quick-cutting heat majo

11、r part generate heat from the cuttings entrainment , workpiece being short;</p><p>　　4) quick-cutting cut down vibration , improve treating mass;</p><p>　　2.2 high speed treating apply to the be

12、neficial result that the mould processes</p><p>　　1) fleetness rough process and half finish machining, improve treating efficiency;</p><p>　　2) high speed high-accuracy finish machining replace

13、 only entire the height processing , indicating mass , form accuracy rise , 50%, cuts down repair a mill by hand than EDM processes a potentiation;</p><p>　　3) cuts the surface processing final molding stiff

14、ly , improve surface mass , form accuracy, the treating (not only being that surface harshness is low, and the surface radiance is high) , being used for complicated surface has more advantage;</p><p>　　4) t

15、he surface loss that EDM treating produces , improve mould life-span 20%;</p><p>　　5) processes an electrode rapidly combining with the CAD/CAM technology , especially, the form is complicated , thin-wall is

16、 similar to an electrode.</p><p>　　3 adopt quick-cutting to process a mould needing the problem solving</p><p>　　In in the homeland, since the aspect cause such as fund , technology , the quick-

17、cutting applying produce a mould be in the initial stage stage. Return the machine tool , cutter , handicraft back to existence as well as some problem of aspect needs to proceed orderly other solve.</p><p>

18、　　The shortcoming is that finished cost is high, correct cutter sigmatism have comparatively high demand, can not have used big cutters , need to have the complicated computer programming technology to be used for suppor

19、t , equipment running cost height.</p><p>　　Two, the high speed processing a mould's processes a machine tool</p><p>　　Mould finish machining and hard cutting treating require that the numer

20、ical control high-speed machine tool , form board , model put up the precision processing need , high-effect numerical control machine tool etc.The mould aiming at produces a lot of machine tool enterprise , some treatin

21、g centres 60% all above of the machine tool producing a factory sells enterprise to a mould. The fixed assets having 5 billion yuan without exception in the upcoming several years throws into mould industry , </p>

22、<p>　　At present average our country numerical control machine tool utilization ratio approximately 20%, the high-speed machine tool utilization ratio 3 ~ 5%. Also, mould enterprise has the unit suitable to buy a h

23、igh-speed machine tool , complies with 6000 ~ 40000 rmp's to have.</p><p>　　1 high-speed machine tool technology parameter demands</p><p>　　Process centre chief axis high-power , high rotati

24、on rate , satisfied rude finish machining; The finish machining mould wants to need to reach 15000 ~ 20000 rmp like the cutter , the machine tool with minor diameter. Generally, the chief axis rotation rate machine tool

25、under 10000 rpm can carry out rough process and half finish machining , cannot reach the finish machining accuracy; Have no way to reach 400 the above m/min cutting speed.</p><p>　　2 five scrolls of machine

26、tools application increases a trend</p><p>　　1) treating route is nimble , the surface form is complicated;</p><p>　　2) treating range is big , the various type mould suitable processes;</p&g

27、t;<p>　　3) cuts life-span of condition easy to cut down cutter wear , to raise a cutter,;</p><p>　　3 the softwares buying CAD/CAM and high-speed machine tools assort</p><p>　　On the groun

28、ds of the machine tool , major part counting , having several billions U. S. dollar to be used to enter port every year, the electromachining machine tool and the high-speed machine tool need to import.</p><p&

29、gt;　　Three, quick-cutting mould cutter technology</p><p>　　Quick-cutting processes the cutter needing allocating proper quick-cutting. Progressing processing cutter material's in high speed has urged dev

30、elopment of high speed treating. The cutter , knife edge headquarter and high tenacity base gathering crystal strengthening the ceramics cutter being able to be used giving consideration to high hardness experience and o

31、bserve carbide alloy coating becoming possibility. Gather the crystal cube nitriding boron (PCBN) bit, whose hardness may amount to 3500</p><p>　　But, expensive entrance cutter price also blocks quick-cuttin

32、g mould key factor.</p><p>　　Above to come to saying the cutter and the cutter holder acceleration reach 3 gs the sort, the cutter circular runout needs to be smaller than 0.015 mm, but the knife length is u

33、nable greater than 4 times cutters diameter. The reality according to SANDVIK company has counted , the carbide alloy has stood on in the entirety using carbon nitriding titanium (TICN) coating when milling cutters (58 H

34、RC) carry out high speed bright metal chopping , rough process cutter linear speed has been 100 m/min </p><p>　　Experience according to in the homeland mould high speed finish machining, linear speed has exc

35、eeded 400 ~ 800 m/min when adopt the young diameter ball head milling cutter to carry out mould finish machining. The machine tool choosing sufficient high-speed's cuts mould finish machining stiffly.</p><

36、p>　　Delcam adopt 0.8 mm diameter cutter to process the narrow slot , rotation rate 40000 rpm , 0.1 mm depth, feed speed 30 m/min.</p><p>　　1 chooses the cutter parameter , the cutter waits if shouldering

37、an anterior angle. The cutter requires that the ability processing request shock resistance tenacity more highly , requiring that heat resistance pounds than average is strong;</p><p>　　2 adopts various met

38、hod improving cutter life-span , reduces cutter cost.</p><p>　　3 adopt the high speed hilt , HSK hilt , heat pressing applying the most being at present to pretend to grip a cutter. Pay attention to a cutter

39、 pretend to grip overall in the day afer tomorrow dynamic balance;</p><p>　　4current cutter enterprise has already done many jobs in the field of the technology resolving the quick-cutting cutter , serving f

40、acing the cutter processing may help to solve much problem , the cutter has produced a manufacturer becoming the main body , the reference cutter has produced the technology parameter that the manufacturer provides.</

41、p><p>　　Four, improve quick-cutting mould efficiency technology</p><p>　　1 cutter diameter and the length choice</p><p>　　2 HSM and the EDM choice</p><p>　　3 does cutting

42、and the lubricating cooling</p><p>　　4 feeds choice: Move forward generally giving amounts <milling cutter diameters 10% , move forward giving a width <milling cutter diameter 40%. According to materia

43、l, condition chooses the parameter processing handicraft rationally</p><p>　　High speed bright metal cuts the mass processing part material abroad fairly good, material quality level is identical , the treat

44、ing function comparison is stable; But, the cutter that the company produces abroad is also that the standard makes an experiment with their material; The treating being recommended by is suitable to their standard compa

45、ratively like the parameter , material quality has the certain difference with domestic part , this difference shows comparatively obviously , some pa</p><p>　　The technology selecting and using the domestic

46、 cutter , seldom having the bright metal recommending high speed to chop parametric , is necessary making an experiment, get the comparatively satisfied parameter , produce a manufacturer had better to select and use the

47、 fixed cutter , cut down the number of times testing that , the standard forming a processing technology, such can improve effective utilization ratio of equipment , lowers production costs , can get the fairly good econ

48、omic effect.</p><p>　　Five, quick-cutting route processing a cutter and programming</p><p>　　flat surface feeds the route choice</p><p>　　2) outlines process the route choice</p&

49、gt;<p>　　Keep cutting loading stable</p><p>　　keeps relatively stable moving forward giving amounts and feed speed</p><p>　　keeps the garden corner in flat surface cutting</p><

50、p>　　chooses the finish machining margin rationally</p><p>　　Programming demand of HSC finish machining to CAM: </p><p>　　1) the bright metal avoiding a corner to the full cuts motion; </p&

51、gt;<p>　　2) tries one's best to avoid external feed of workpiece and enter next depth return knife motion , direct from the outline. Or adopt a helical line or being sure enter slanting to moving forward; <

52、/p><p>　　3) constant each edge feed , improve the quality, prolongs cutter life-span; </p><p>　　4) outline treating are kept waiting in level surface.</p><p>　　Quick-cutting CAM softwa

53、re:</p><p>　　Several years ago will have started quick-cutting processing programming technology research, the Delcam company , has developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; Lately,

54、 the MasterCAM company has also developed the quick-cutting automation programming software module; You also are in in the homeland north navigation developing the quick-cutting automation programming software module;<

55、;/p><p>　　Six, high-speed machine tool numerical control system characteristic</p><p>　　high speed data is processed</p><p>　　corner forecasts are handled</p><p>　　NURBS a

56、re not justified appearance strip runin curve treating</p><p>　　Seven, safe quick-cutting mould problem</p><p>　　Monitoring wearing a cutter away and destroying;</p><p>　　Intensity

57、that the bit links;</p><p>　　Strict with the machine tool and the cutter examination is very important and before the average machine tool processing diversity , safety protects and starts up.</p><

58、;p>　　Eight, there exists problem in our country at present in adopt high speed to process the mould technology</p><p>　　1 machine tool:</p><p>　　1) domestic high-speed machine tool overall fu

59、nction still has the gap , the function component function to be able to not satisfy a request. Power and rotation rate including the electricity chief axis, entrance machine tool price is high;</p><p>　　2）U

60、nder the machine tool high speed, the dynamic behaviour studies the function being not enough to affect a complete machine as a result,;</p><p>　　3）The five scroll of machine tool is not enough mature , entr

61、ance machine tool price is very high;</p><p>　　4) supporting technology and equipment are fairly incomplete.</p><p>　　2 cutters:</p><p>　　1) domestic cutter is not able to adapt to

62、the quick-cutting application , high speed cuts only entire treating especially stiffly. Entrance cutter price is high. The cutter technology is to affect quick-cutting processing a key factor of mould.</p><p&

63、gt;　　2) supporting technologies are not enough to include hilt , online dynamic balance in complete set etc..</p><p>　　3 high speed moulds process the technology and the experiment</p><p>　　1) B

64、e short of the accumulation applying experience since high speed processes the mould history comparatively shortly,;</p><p>　　2）The comparison studying comparison stops throwing into lack, sets up a project

65、to quick-cutting handicraft is difficult;</p><p>　　3) Be short of the quick-cutting data base or the handbook , is still blank space at present;</p><p>　　4) moulds produce the manufacturer cogni

66、tion lack to quick-cutting , the analysis contrast being short of long range beneficial result;</p><p>　　4 Be short of the quick-cutting automation programming software;</p><p>　　5 Be short of a

67、 five scroll of gear quick-cutting automation programming CAM software.</p><p>　　Concluding remark</p><p>　　The mould marketplace has the intense need, but technology to be unable to keep abreas

68、t with to high speed treating. Starting is late , the basis is relatively poor , overall engineering level not being taller than , develops slowlyRequire that one by one, aspect coordinated growth , the product mimic ink

69、stone throwing into combining with enlarging, each comprehensive utilization aspect strengths drive quick-cutting application in making in the mould.. Our hope , effort passing every aspect, bef</p><p>　　Ref

70、erences</p><p>　　1, Jin Diecheng , Song Fangzhi. The modern mould makes the technology , Beijing: Mechanical industry press, 2001.</p><p>　　2, Xu Hefeng, The digitization mould makes the technol

71、ogy , Beijing: Chemical industry press, 2001.</p><p>　　3,Zhao Bo ,High speed processes the forward position technology that the mould processes. Mould technology , 2000 , (2)</p><p>　　4,Zhang Ha

72、iou,The fleetness mould makes the technology current situation and their developing trend. Mould technology , 2000 , (6)</p><p>　　5,Guo Dongming,Wang Xiaoming,Be geared to the needs of the particular kind pr

73、ocessing technology that the fleetness creates. Chinese mechanical engineering , 2000 , (11)</p><p>　　高速加工和現(xiàn)代模具制造</p><p><b>　　一、概述</b></p><p>　　1．目前模具制造的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì)</p>

74、;<p>　　模具作為重要的工藝裝備，在消費(fèi)品、電器電子、汽車、飛機(jī)制造等工業(yè)部門中，占有舉足輕重的地位。模具作為重要的工藝裝備，在消費(fèi)品、電器電子、汽車、飛機(jī)制造等工業(yè)部門中，占有舉足輕重的地位。工業(yè)產(chǎn)品零件粗加工的75%，精加工的50%及塑料零件的90%將由模具完成。目前中國(guó)模具市場(chǎng)需求已達(dá)  500  億元之規(guī)模。汽車模具、特別是覆蓋件模具年增長(zhǎng)速度將超過  20  %；建材模

75、具也迅速發(fā)展，各種異型材模具、墻面和地面模具成為模具的新增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)，今后幾年塑料門窗和塑料排水管增長(zhǎng)將超過  30  %；家電模具年增長(zhǎng)速度將超過  10  %；IT  業(yè)年均增長(zhǎng)速度超過  20  %  ，對(duì)模具的需求占模具市場(chǎng)的  20  %。2004  年中國(guó)機(jī)床工具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。我國(guó)模具制造市場(chǎng)潛力巨大。根據(jù)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，

76、近年來，我國(guó)模具的年總產(chǎn)值達(dá)到30億美元，進(jìn)口超過10億美元，出口超過1億美元。增長(zhǎng)從1995年的25%增加到2005年的50%。國(guó)外專家預(yù)言：亞洲在全球模具制造中占據(jù)的份額，將從1995年的25%增加至2005年的50%。</p><p>　　中國(guó)模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，形成了華東和華南兩大基地，并且逐漸擴(kuò)大到其他省份。(山東,安徽,四川)  1996年～2002年，模具制造業(yè)產(chǎn)值年平均增長(zhǎng)14%，2003

77、年增長(zhǎng)25%。2003年我國(guó)模具產(chǎn)值為450億人民幣?？偖a(chǎn)量位居世界第3，出口模具3.368億美元，比上年增長(zhǎng)33.5%。但是，我國(guó)技術(shù)含量低的模具已供過于求，精密、復(fù)雜的高檔模具很大部分依靠進(jìn)口。每年進(jìn)口模具超過10億美元。出口超過1億美元。</p><p>　　精密模具精度要求在  2～3μ m,大型模具需要滿足8000kN合模力注塑機(jī)的要求;小型模具需滿足直徑1mm塑料管的要求。目前，采用高速切削

78、生產(chǎn)模具已經(jīng)成為模具制造的大趨勢(shì)，在國(guó)外一些模具生產(chǎn)廠家，高速機(jī)床大面積取代電火花機(jī)床，高速切削大大提高了模具生產(chǎn)效率。機(jī)床企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，有的加工中心生產(chǎn)廠機(jī)床的60%以上賣給模具加工企業(yè)。高速切削逐漸取代電火花精加工模具在國(guó)外的模具制造企業(yè)已經(jīng)普遍采用，高速切削生產(chǎn)模具已經(jīng)成為逐漸模具制造的大趨勢(shì)，大大提高了模具生產(chǎn)效率和質(zhì)量。采用高速切削替代電火花生產(chǎn)模具，可以明顯提高效率、提高模具精度、使用壽命長(zhǎng)。</p>

79、<p>　　2．高速加工在模具制造中的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　2．1高速切削的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　刀具的高轉(zhuǎn)速和機(jī)床的高進(jìn)給以及高加速度，大大提高金屬切除率；</p><p>　　2）  高速切削減小切削力；        </p><p>　　3）  高速切削熱

80、大部分由切屑帶走，工件發(fā)熱少；       </p><p>　　4）  高速切削減少振動(dòng)，提高加工質(zhì)量；        </p><p>　　2．2高速加工應(yīng)用于模具加工的效益       </p><p>　　1）  快速粗

81、加工和半精加工，提高加工效率；        </p><p>　　2）  高速高精度精加工硬切削代替光整加工，表明質(zhì)量高，形狀精度提高，比EDM加工提高效率50%，減少手工修磨；        </p><p>　　3）  硬切削加工最后成型表面，提高表面質(zhì)量、形狀精度，(不僅是表面粗糙度

82、低，而且表面光亮度高)，用于復(fù)雜表面的加工更具優(yōu)勢(shì)；        </p><p>　　4）  避免EDM加工產(chǎn)生的表面損傷，提高模具壽命20%；       </p><p>　　5）  結(jié)合CAD/CAM技術(shù)快速加工電極，特別是形狀復(fù)雜、薄壁類電極。    

83、0;  </p><p>　　3．  采用高速切削加工模具需要解決的問題        </p><p>　　在國(guó)內(nèi)，由于資金、技術(shù)等方面的原因，應(yīng)用高速切削生產(chǎn)模具還處于初期階段。還存在機(jī)床、刀具、工藝以及其他方面的一些問題需要逐步解決?！　?lt;/p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)是加工成本高，對(duì)刀具的使用有較高的要求

84、，不能使用過大的刀具，要有復(fù)雜的計(jì)算機(jī)編程技術(shù)做支持，設(shè)備運(yùn)行成本高。       </p><p>　　二、加工模具的高速加工機(jī)床       </p><p>　　模具精加工和硬切削加工需要數(shù)控高速機(jī)床,模板、模架加工需要精密、高效數(shù)控機(jī)床等。許多機(jī)床企業(yè)瞄準(zhǔn)模具生產(chǎn)，有的加工中心生產(chǎn)廠機(jī)床的60%以上賣給

85、模具企業(yè)。模具行業(yè)今后幾年年均有50億元的固定資產(chǎn)投入，其中80%是購(gòu)買模具加工設(shè)備，也就是說每年有40億元人民幣要購(gòu)買金切機(jī)床。      目前我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床的平均利用率大約20%，高速機(jī)床的利用率3～5%。模具企業(yè)也有相當(dāng)?shù)膯挝毁?gòu)買高速機(jī)床，從6000～40000rmp的都有。      </p><p>　　1．高速機(jī)床的技術(shù)參數(shù)要求 

86、     </p><p>　　加工中心主軸大功率、高轉(zhuǎn)速，滿足粗精加工；精加工模具要用小直徑刀具，機(jī)床一般要達(dá)到15000～20000rmp。通常主軸轉(zhuǎn)速在10000rpm以下的機(jī)床可以進(jìn)行粗加工和半精加工，達(dá)不到精加工的精度；無法達(dá)到400m/min以上的切削速度。             </p>

87、<p>　　2．  五軸機(jī)床的應(yīng)用增加趨勢(shì)       </p><p>　　1）加工路線靈活，表面形狀復(fù)雜；        </p><p>　　2）加工范圍大，適合多種類型模具加工；        </p><p>　　

88、3）切削條件好，減少刀具磨損，提高刀具壽命；               </p><p>　　3．  購(gòu)買CAD/CAM軟件和高速機(jī)床配套       </p><p>　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，每年有幾十億美元用于進(jìn)口機(jī)床，大部分電加工機(jī)床和高速機(jī)床需要進(jìn)口。</p

89、><p>　　三、高速切削模具的刀具技術(shù)　　</p><p>　　高速切削加工還需配備適宜高速切削的刀具。高速加工刀具材料的進(jìn)展促使了高速加工的發(fā)展。硬質(zhì)合金涂層刀具、聚晶增強(qiáng)陶瓷刀具使得兼顧高硬度的刀刃部和高韌性的基體成為可能。聚晶立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀片,其硬度可達(dá)3500～4500HV。聚晶金剛石(PCD)其硬度可達(dá)6000～10000HV。近年來德國(guó)SCS、日本三菱(神鋼)及住友、瑞

90、士山特維克、美國(guó)肯納飛碩等國(guó)外著名刀具公司都先后推出了各自的高速切削刀具，不僅有高速切削普通結(jié)構(gòu)鋼的刀具,還有能直接高速切削淬硬鋼的陶瓷刀具等超硬刀具,尤其是涂層刀具異軍突起,在淬硬鋼的半精加工和精加工中發(fā)揮著巨大作用。新刀具材料和刀具技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)使高速加工上的瓶頸問題不再會(huì)出現(xiàn)在刀具上?！　?lt;/p><p>　　但是，進(jìn)口刀具的昂貴價(jià)格也阻礙高速切削模具的重要因素?！　?lt;/p><p>

91、;　　一般來說,刀具以及刀夾的加速度達(dá)到3g以上，刀具的徑向跳動(dòng)要小于0.015mm，而刀的長(zhǎng)度不能大于4倍的刀具直徑。根據(jù)SANDVIK公司的實(shí)際統(tǒng)計(jì)，在使用碳氮化鈦(TICN)涂層的整體硬質(zhì)合金立銑刀(58HRC)進(jìn)行高速銑削時(shí),粗加工刀具線速度約為100m/min,而精加工和超精加工時(shí),其線速度超過了280m/min。這樣對(duì)刀具的材料(包括硬度、韌性、紅硬性(高溫狀態(tài)下保持切削性能))、刀具的形狀(包括排屑性能、表面精度、動(dòng)平衡性

92、等)以及刀具壽命都有很高的要求?！　?#160; </p><p>　　根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)模具高速精加工的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，采用小直徑球頭銑刀進(jìn)行模具精加工時(shí)，線速度超過了400～800m/min。選擇足夠高速度的機(jī)床硬切削模具精加工。　</p><p>　　Delcam  采用0.8mm直徑的刀具加工窄槽，轉(zhuǎn)速40000rpm，0.1mm深度，進(jìn)給速度30m/min。.    &

93、#160;         </p><p>　　1．  選擇刀具參數(shù)，如負(fù)前角刀具等。刀具要求比普通加工要求抗沖擊韌性更高，還要求抗熱沖擊能力強(qiáng)；       </p><p>　　2．  采取多種方法提高刀具壽命，降低刀具成本。      

94、0;</p><p>　　3．  采用高速刀柄，目前應(yīng)用最多的是HSK刀柄，熱壓裝夾刀具。注意刀具裝夾后的整體動(dòng)平衡；      </p><p>　　4．  當(dāng)前的刀具企業(yè)在解決高速切削刀具技術(shù)方面已經(jīng)做了很多工作，面向加工的刀具服務(wù)會(huì)幫助解決很多問題，刀具生產(chǎn)廠家成為主體，參考刀具生產(chǎn)廠家提供的技術(shù)參數(shù)。</p><

95、p>　　四、  提高高速切削模具效率的工藝技術(shù)        </p><p>　　1．  刀具直徑和長(zhǎng)度的選擇        </p><p>　　2．  HSM和EDM的選擇      </p><p>　　3．

96、60; 干切削和潤(rùn)滑冷卻        </p><p>　　4．  進(jìn)給選擇：通常進(jìn)給量< 銑刀直徑10%，進(jìn)給寬度< 銑刀直徑40%。</p><p>　　根據(jù)材料情況合理選擇加工工藝參數(shù)　　</p><p>　　國(guó)外高速銑削加工零件材料質(zhì)量較好，材料質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同,加工性能比較穩(wěn)定；而國(guó)外公司生產(chǎn)的刀

97、具也是以他們的材料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做試驗(yàn)；推薦的加工參數(shù)一般比較適合他們的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如果使用他們的刀具，與國(guó)內(nèi)的零件材質(zhì)有一定的區(qū)別,在高速銑削時(shí),這種差別表現(xiàn)得較為明顯，有些參數(shù)可以直接應(yīng)用，但有些效果就比較差。而國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)一般選用零件材質(zhì)有一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所使用的零件材料，特別是能用高速加工的零件材質(zhì)，一般會(huì)局限在某些零件材料范圍內(nèi),這對(duì)我們應(yīng)用高速加工技術(shù)也提供了有利的條件，會(huì)在較少的加工材料范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用。這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，一定要在這些材料上選取優(yōu)化出一套

98、適合本企業(yè)的加工工藝參數(shù)，并且納入企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！　?lt;/p><p>　　選用國(guó)產(chǎn)刀具,很少有推薦高速銑削的技術(shù)參數(shù)的,有必要做試驗(yàn),取得比較滿意的參數(shù),最好選用固定的刀具生產(chǎn)廠家,減少試驗(yàn)的次數(shù),形成加工技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),這樣可以提高設(shè)備有效利用率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,可以取得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。</p><p>　　五、高速切削的加工刀具路徑和編程        &l

99、t;/p><p>　　1）  平面進(jìn)給路徑選擇        </p><p>　　2）  輪廓加工路徑選擇        </p><p>　　3）  保持切削載荷平穩(wěn)        </p><p&

100、gt;　　4）  保持相對(duì)平穩(wěn)的進(jìn)給量和進(jìn)給速度       </p><p>　　5）  在平面切削中保持園拐角        </p><p>　　6）  合理選擇精加工余量        </p><p>　　H

101、SC精加工對(duì)CAM的編程要求：1）盡量避免拐角的銑削運(yùn)動(dòng)；2）盡量避免工件外的進(jìn)刀與退刀運(yùn)動(dòng)，直接從輪廓進(jìn)入下一個(gè)深度?；蛘卟捎寐菪€或斜向進(jìn)給切入；3）恒定每刃進(jìn)給，提高質(zhì)量，延長(zhǎng)刀具壽命；4）輪廓加工保持在水平面上等。       </p><p>　　高速切削CAM軟件：      </p><p>　　Delca

102、m  公司幾年前就開始了高速切削加工編程技術(shù)的研究，開發(fā)了高速切削自動(dòng)編程軟件模塊；最近，MasterCAM公司也開發(fā)了高速切削自動(dòng)編程軟件模塊；國(guó)內(nèi)北航海爾也在開發(fā)高速切削自動(dòng)編程軟件模塊；</p><p>　　六、  高速機(jī)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)       </p><p>　　1）  高速數(shù)據(jù)處理  

103、0;    </p><p>　　2）  拐角預(yù)測(cè)處理        </p><p>　　3）  NURBS非有理樣條插補(bǔ)曲線加工</p><p>　　七、  高速切削模具的安全問題        </p><p&g

104、t;　　1）  刀具磨損和破壞的監(jiān)測(cè)；       </p><p>　　2）  刀片連接的強(qiáng)度；        </p><p>　　3）  和普通機(jī)床加工不同，安全防護(hù)和開機(jī)前對(duì)機(jī)床和刀具的嚴(yán)格檢查非常重要。</p><p>　　八、  目前我

105、國(guó)在采用高速加工模具技術(shù)中存在的問題       </p><p>　　1．機(jī)床：      </p><p>　　1）  國(guó)產(chǎn)高速機(jī)床整體性能尚有差距，功能部件性能還不能滿足要求。包括電主軸的功率和轉(zhuǎn)速，進(jìn)口機(jī)床價(jià)格高；       </p><p&

106、gt;　　2）  機(jī)床的高速下動(dòng)態(tài)特性研究還不夠，因而影響整機(jī)的性能；      </p><p>　　3）  五軸機(jī)床還不夠成熟，進(jìn)口機(jī)床價(jià)格太高；        </p><p>　　4）  配套技術(shù)和設(shè)備還不完全。        </p&g

107、t;<p>　　2．  刀具：        </p><p>　　1）  國(guó)產(chǎn)刀具還不能夠適應(yīng)高速切削的應(yīng)用，特別是高速硬切削光整加工。進(jìn)口刀具價(jià)格高。刀具技術(shù)是影響高速切削加工模具的一個(gè)重要因素。       </p><p>　　2）  配套技術(shù)還不夠，包括刀柄

108、、成套在線動(dòng)平衡等。      </p><p>　　3．  高速模具加工工藝技術(shù)及實(shí)驗(yàn) </p><p>　　1）  由于高速加工模具的歷史比較短，缺乏應(yīng)用經(jīng)驗(yàn)積累；       </p><p>　　2）對(duì)高速切削工藝研究比較少，投入不夠，立項(xiàng)比較困難； </p>

109、;<p>　　3）  缺少高速切削數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)或手冊(cè)，目前還是空白；       </p><p>　　4）  模具生產(chǎn)廠家對(duì)高速切削的認(rèn)識(shí)不夠，缺乏長(zhǎng)期效益的分析對(duì)比；       </p><p>　　4．  缺乏高速切削自動(dòng)編程軟件；   

110、60;   </p><p>　　5．  缺乏五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)高速切削自動(dòng)編程CAM軟件。</p><p>　　結(jié)束語        </p><p>　　模具市場(chǎng)對(duì)高速加工有強(qiáng)烈需求，但是技術(shù)跟不上。起步晚，基礎(chǔ)較差，整體技術(shù)水平不高，發(fā)展緩慢。需要各個(gè)方面協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合，加大投入，綜合利用各個(gè)方面力量推動(dòng)