曲軸加工的技術要求及發(fā)展方向外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料</b></p><p>　　The crank processes specification and</p><p>　　development direction</p><p>　　The crank processes specification</p><p>　　The

2、 crank specification is very high, its machine-finishing technological process different and the crank complex degree has the very big difference along with the production guiding principle, but includes following severa

3、l main stages generally: Localization datum processing; Thick, lathe finishing and rough grinding each host neck and other outer annuluses; Che Lianjing; Drills the oil hole; Correct grinding each host neck and other out

4、er annuluses; Correct grinding Lian Jing; Big, capitellum</p><p>　　May see, the main neck or Lian Jing the turning working procedure all separates with the grinding working procedure, is often middle arrange

5、ment some different machined surfaces or the heterogeneity working procedure. After the rough machining can have the distortion, therefore the normal force reduces gradually; Because simultaneously thick, the precision w

6、ork working procedure carries on separately before, the latter working procedure has the possibility to eliminate the working procedure erro</p><p>　　In order to reduce the distortion which the cutting force

7、 causes, guaranteed when precision work precision request, correct grinding various journals, uses the single grinding wheel in turn grinding generally.</p><p>　　The journal processing requests high, the mai

8、n neck and the neck uses continually processes many times.</p><p>　　Crank machining development direction</p><p>　　Along with our country numerical control engine bed unceasing increase, the cra

9、nk rough machining will be widespread uses in the numerical control lathe, the numerical control the milling machine, the numerical control vehicle broaching machine and so on the advanced equipment to the main journal,

10、the connecting rod journal carries on the numerical control turning, in the milling, the vehicle - broaching processing, by will effectively reduce the amount of deformity which the crank will process.</p><p&g

11、t;　　In order to satisfy the processing request which the crank enhances day by day, set the very high request to the crankshaft grinding. The modern crankshaft grinding except must have the very high static state, the dy

12、namic rigidity and outside the very high processing precision, but also requests to have the very high grinding efficiency and more flexibilities. In recent years, requested the crankshaft grinding to have the stable pro

13、cessing precision, for this, had stipulated to the crankshaft gr</p><p>　　Connecting rod processing and trend of development</p><p>　　Connecting rod processing method</p><p>　　The c

14、onnecting rod decomposes (also called connecting rod breaks) the technical principle uses the material break theory, first artificial has the whole forging connecting rod semi finished materials big end of hole the fissu

15、re, forms the initial break source, then expands with the specific method control fissure, achieved the connecting rod The decomposition processing process enable the decomposition the connecting rod cap, the pole adjoin

16、ing plane to have the complete meshing jig-saw patterne</p><p>　　Trend of development</p><p>　　At present, the drop for and the die casting connecting rod host, the important status, are facing

17、the powder to forge the steel connecting rod and a powder agglutination steel connecting rod forming craft challenge. Speaking of the domestic present situation, although the powder metallurgy forging industry had certai

18、n development, but must provide the mass and the high grade powder metallurgy forging is not mature. Moreover involves the equipment to renew, aspect expense questions and so on tec</p><p>　　The connecting r

19、od is one of internal combustion engine main spare parts, its reducing socket two sizes and the shape position errors have many requests, for example: Diameter, roundness, cylindricity, center distance, parallelism, hole

20、 and end surface verticality and so on. How does these erroneous project produce the scene in the workshop to examine, always is in the internal combustion engine profession a quite difficult question.</p><p&g

21、t;　　In the connecting rod production, domestic mainly has following several examination method at present: With the spindle survey, namely puts on the spindle in connecting rod two, with the aid of in V shape block, plat

22、e, dial guage survey. Because the spindle needs to load and unload, therefore between the hole axis has the gap, the measuring accuracy is very low.</p><p><b>　　中文翻譯</b></p><p>　　曲軸加

23、工的技術要求及發(fā)展方向</p><p><b>　　曲軸加工的技術要求</b></p><p>　　曲軸的技術要求是很高的，其機械加工工藝過程隨生產(chǎn)綱領的不同和曲軸的復雜程度而有很大的區(qū)別，但一般均包括以下幾個主要階段：定位基準的加工；粗、精車和粗磨各主頸及其它外圓；車連頸；鉆油孔；精磨各主頸及其他外圓；精磨連頸；大、小頭及鍵槽加工；軸頸表面處理；動平衡；超精加工各軸

24、頸。</p><p>　　可以看出，主頸或連頸的車削工序都與磨削工序分開，往往中間安排一些不同的加工面或不同性質的工序。粗加工后會發(fā)生變形，因此常把粗、精加工分開，并在切削力較大的工序后面安排校直工序，以保證加工精度。</p><p>　　為了減小切削力所引起的變形，保證精加工的精度要求，精磨各軸頸時，一般采用單砂輪依次磨削。</p><p>　　軸頸的加工要求高，

25、主頸和連頸采用多次加工，使加工余量越來越小，切削力逐漸降低；同時由于粗、精加工工序分開進行，后工序就有可能消除前工序的誤差，最終獲得很高的精度和很低的粗糙度。</p><p><b>　　曲軸機加工發(fā)展方向</b></p><p>　　隨著我國數(shù)控機床的不斷增加，曲軸粗加工將廣泛采用數(shù)控車床、數(shù)控內(nèi)銑床、數(shù)控車拉床等先進設備對主軸頸、連桿軸頸進行數(shù)控車削、內(nèi)銑削、車-

26、拉削加工，以有效減少曲軸加工的變形量。曲軸精加工將廣泛采用CNC控制的曲軸磨床對其軸頸進行精磨加工，此種磨床將配備砂輪自動動平衡裝置、中心架自動跟蹤裝置、自動測量、自動補償裝置、砂輪自動修整、恒線速度等功能要求，以保證磨削質量的穩(wěn)定。</p><p>　　為滿足曲軸日益提高的加工要求，對曲軸磨床提出了很高的要求?，F(xiàn)代曲軸磨床除了要有很高的靜態(tài)、動態(tài)剛度和很高的加工精度外，還要求有很高的磨削效率和更多的柔性。近年來

27、，更要求曲軸磨床具有穩(wěn)定的加工精度，為此，對曲軸磨床的工序能力系數(shù)規(guī)定了Cp≥1.67，這意味著要求曲軸磨床的實際加工公差要比曲軸給定的公差小一半。隨著現(xiàn)代驅動和控制技術、測量控制、CBN（立方氮化硼）砂輪和先進的機床部件的應用，為曲軸磨床的高精度、高效磨削加工創(chuàng)造了條件。一種稱之為連桿頸隨動磨削的工藝。正是體現(xiàn)了這些新技術綜合應用的具體成果。這種隨動磨削工藝可顯著地提高曲軸連桿頸的磨削效率、加工精度和加工柔性。在對連桿頸進行隨動磨削時

28、，曲軸以主軸頸為軸線進行旋轉，并在一次裝夾下磨削所有連桿頸。在磨削過程中，磨頭實現(xiàn)往復擺動進給，跟蹤著偏心回轉的連桿頸進行磨削加工。要實現(xiàn)隨動磨削，X軸除了必須具有高的動態(tài)性能外，還必須具有足夠的跟蹤精度，以確保連桿頸所要求的形狀公差。CBN砂輪的應用是實現(xiàn)連桿頸隨動磨削的重要條件。由于CBN砂輪耐磨性高，在磨削過程中砂輪的直徑幾乎是不變的，一次修整可磨削600～800條曲軸。CBN砂輪還可以采用</p><p>

29、;　　連桿的加工方法和發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　連桿的加工方法</b></p><p>　　連桿裂解（也稱連桿脹斷）技術的原理就是利用材料斷裂理論，首先將整體鍛造的連桿毛坯大頭孔人為產(chǎn)生裂痕，形成初始斷裂源，然后用特定方法控制裂痕擴展，達到連桿本體與連桿蓋分離的目的。裂解加工過程使裂解的連桿蓋、桿接合面具有完全嚙合的犬牙交錯結構，以保證接合面精確相接、吻合，無

30、需再進行接合面的加工，同時簡化了連桿螺栓孔的結構設計和整體加工工藝，具有加工工序少、節(jié)省精加工設備、節(jié)材節(jié)能、產(chǎn)品質量高、生產(chǎn)成本低等優(yōu)點。</p><p><b>　　發(fā)展趨勢</b></p><p>　　目前,模鍛和模鑄連桿的主、重要地位,正面臨著粉末鑄造鋼連桿和粉末一次燒結鋼連桿成型工藝的挑戰(zhàn)。就國內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀而言,粉末冶金鍛造工業(yè)雖然有了一定的發(fā)展,但要提供大批量和

31、高質量的粉末冶金鍛件還不成熟。而且涉及設備更新、技術改進等方面費用問題,在今后一個比較長的時間內(nèi),國產(chǎn)連桿生產(chǎn)還將一模鍛工藝為主。</p><p>　　連桿是往復泵的主要零部件之一,他的大小頭二孔的尺寸和形位誤差有多項要求,例如:直徑、圓度、柱度、心距、行度、與端面的垂直度等。這些誤差項目在車間生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場如何檢測,一直是內(nèi)燃機行業(yè)中一個比較困難的問題。</p><p>　　在連桿的生產(chǎn)中，目