旅游業(yè)共同關(guān)心的問題外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2685字</b></p><p>　　本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯</p><p>　　外文題目： Tourism: A Matter of Common Concern </p><p>　　出 處：Senckenbergian amaritima Frankfurt am Mai

2、n, 1998(12):209-212 </p><p>　　作 者： E.W.Meiger </p><p><b>　　原文</b></p><

3、;p><b>　　Abstract </b></p><p>　　Problems of tourism and recreation in the Wadden Sea are discussed. Special regard is given to land- based activities being in harmony with nature and favoring t

4、he protection of environment. The discussion focuses on the trilateral Wadden policy of the conceded European countries. The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.</p><p>　　Key words: </p><p>　　Trila

5、teral Wadden Sea policy, tourism, land based recreation, adverse effects on nature</p><p>　　1.Why a Common Concern?</p><p>　　In the Wadden Sea area people live, work and recreate. Trilateral Wad

6、den policy has been mainly focused on sea- based recreation. But an activity in the Wadden area which also has a direct influence on the dunes, mudflats and tidal areas is land based recreation. Millions of people visit

7、the area each year for leisure. Until now this has been neglected by the international Wadden policy. Because of the influence of and developments in this sector, it is necessary to widen the scope of this polic</p>

8、;<p>　　In 1994, in Leeuwarden, ecological goals were drawn up not only for the tidal area, but also for the beaches and dunes, the salt marshes, the coastline and the rural areas (on the islands and the adjacent a

9、reas of the mainland). In addition, it was recognized that the trilateral policy covered a wider area than just the Wadden Sea. loss of natural habitats and the disturbance of flora and fauna as a result of increasing to

10、urism was identified as a cause for cancel. To better understand the influ</p><p>　　2.A Summary of the Situation</p><p>　　I. Since the middle of this century, the Wadden Sea area has been a popu

11、lar destination for an ever growing number of tourists. Today tourists can choose from a wide range of accommodations: hotels, hiking cabins, apartments, camping sites, bungalows and so on. This development has sparked a

12、 lot of building activity; sometimes to replace old buildings, but more often for new building sites. In a number of cases this has been at the cost of dune areas.A first observation: to offer all these visit</p>

13、<p>　　II. But not all visitors to the area stay overnight. On the one hand there are the day tourists to the islands. Especially the islands with a short ferry time and/or low ferry costs ate favorites. On the other

14、 hand the different recreational areas along the mainland coastline also attract a large number of day tourists, particularly in Germany. Tourists not only desire a place on the beach in the sun, but also want to walk in

15、 the dunes, buy a cup of coffee and have proper transport facilities to</p><p>　　The short second or third holiday, a midweek break or a day to escape it all, has become reality for many. The quiet and long

16、off-season period is a thing of the past for the local population and nature. The accommodation-branches anticipates this trend by building more and more cabins and bungalows at former camping sites. The lengthening

17、of the holiday season has been encouraged by the development of so-called "bad weather facilities" like the tropical swimming pool. The result is that wal</p><p>　　IV. Recreational activities are n

18、o longer limited to a walk breathing the fresh sea air of a healing dip in the water. The current possibilities seem endless, a few examples: parachute jumping, golfing, "nature combing", walking on the mudflat

19、s, visiting bird colonies, seals, a wagon ride through the dunes and marshes, short aero plane trips, kiting, sunbathing, night-life, cross country cycling and so on.A fourth observation: recreational activities, even na

20、ture oriented, have more and more adv</p><p>　　A fifth observation: economic aspects are part of the discussion about tourism and there is quite some cash flow related to it.</p><p>　　3.Developm

21、ents and New Trends</p><p>　　it When coming up with a strategy for recreational activities is important to consider developments and trends in the sector. </p><p>　　1. Tourism is a growing indus

22、try. It is seen as a sector which can provide employment in the near future. And for this reason subsidies are given. That is an attractive proposition, particulary in regions with relatively high unemployment. Many comm

23、unity councils along the Dutch coast have plans to exploit tourism. These vary from building a small bungalow park to a health spa with a beach. Work is already in progress on the islands to improve the quality of accomm

24、odation. This requires larger i</p><p>　　2. The trend to take a number of short holidays. The same number of over night stays are therefore being shared by more and other visitors and more transport is requi

25、red. </p><p>　　3. Hotel managers want the same bed occupied more often. The stabilization of the number of beds available (a policy on the Dutch Wadden islands) is therefore certainly not synonymous with a s

26、tabilization of recreation volume.</p><p>　　4. The trend towards more active holidays. The activities can range from nature excursions to sport events. This raises the question whether the Wadden nature is s

27、een as a backdrop or as a destination itself. In order to formulate a strategy on tourism we will have to take into account the five observations made. </p><p>　　4.summarize: </p><p>　　(I) more

28、and more space is taken by accommodations, improving quality also requires more square meters per tourist; </p><p>　　(II) Day tourism leaves its marks in the landscape; </p><p>　　(III) Season le

29、ngthening means shortening of the undisturbed periods for birds; </p><p>　　(IV) Recreation activities, even nature oriented, have more and more adverse effects on nature; </p><p>　　(V) The touri

30、sm related cash flow is on the rise; </p><p>　　(VI) A growing number of people visit, know and hopefully appreciate the Wadden Sea area and.., disturb each other.</p><p>　　The importance of the

31、international Wadden Sea area does not need to be stressed. Nor does the importance of protecting the area's natural development. Joint trilateral goals and targets have already been laid down or are receiving the fi

32、nal touches. Al1 we have to do, is bring about the goals. The trilateral Wadden policy can no longer ignore land based recreational activities; their effects are too far reaching. Dunes, marshes and birds are currently w

33、itnessing a loss in territory and an incre</p><p>　　A fundamental consideration is needed. What kind of recreational activates and accommodations fit this nature area? When and where can they take place? Wha

34、t amounts are in harmony with the nature we want to protect? Answers to these questions ate the start of a strategy for conservation of nature and sustainable recreation.</p><p>　　5.The Choice of the Dutch W

35、adden Society</p><p>　　The Wadden Sea area offers some very special opportunities for recreation. When people get to know and appreciate an area they are more willing to protect it. And from the perspective

36、of tourism it is nature, the openness, the birds, the unique landscape and the historic cultural values that makes .this area into something singular and special. These are the selling points of the Wadden Sea area on th

37、e touristic market. In our view there should be possibilities to experience that specific Wadden</p><p>　　What such a choice means from a sustainable and economic perspective is of course an important questi

38、on. Does it mean more visitor management, more excursion leaders and less disc jockey? More bird watches facilities and wardening and less recreational air traffic and tropical swimming paradises? These aspects definitel

39、y need more research. The Dutch Wadden Society has taken initiatives in this direction but we certainly cannot cover this alone.To formulate such a strategy it is vital that there</p><p>　　Time is ripe to ma

40、ke choices and there are already some hopeful initiatives. In "Nord Friesland a "Zukunftswerkstatt Tourism’s und Umwelt" is being drawn up with the aim to elaborate concepts for "umbel- und sozialvert

41、rigliche Tourismusentwicklung'. </p><p>　　The Dutch, German and Danish province and regions along the Wadden Sea started a project to develop a vision on sustainable tourism. The trilateral Wadden policy

42、 can encourage these initiatives. In 1997, in State, there should be an acknowledgement of the importance and effects of land based recreation at a trilateral level. It must be possible to develop a common strategy for a

43、ll tourism and recreation activities in the trilateral Wadden area, particularly in the light of the ecological and lan</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　旅游業(yè)共同關(guān)心的問題</p><p><

44、;b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　旅游業(yè)協(xié)會針對瓦登海問題進行了討論，討論的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于陸地活動與自然和諧以及環(huán)境的保護。討論的重點是歐洲國家承認“三邊瓦登?！钡恼摺Ｆ渲兴婕暗膰野ê商m，德國和丹麥。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：三方瓦登海政策，旅游，娛樂用地為基礎(chǔ)，對大自然有不利影響</p><p><b>　　一、引言&

45、lt;/b></p><p>　　“三方瓦登海政策”使在瓦登海地區(qū)的人們的生活、工作和家庭重建等得到了改變?！叭酵叩呛Ｕ摺币恢敝饕性诤Ｉ蠆蕵贰Ｔ谶@個瓦登海地區(qū)一般都有沙丘，灘涂和潮地區(qū)等，這些自然景觀會影響陸上休閑活動。瓦登海地區(qū)每年有成千上萬的游客來到這地區(qū)旅游。由于這個地區(qū)旅游的影響和發(fā)展，所以就有必要擴大這一政策的范圍，使這個策略可適用于發(fā)展當(dāng)?shù)厮械男蓍e活動。這是一個明智的決策選擇。怎么樣的

46、娛樂活動和住宿設(shè)施適合這些地方？他們應(yīng)該如何做如何完成這些設(shè)施及活動的建設(shè)？旅游與自然的和諧，要如何保護呢？這些問題的答案都是保護自然和實現(xiàn)旅游戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的一部分。</p><p>　　1994年，在戈登海提出的“三方瓦登海政策”，主要是為這些地區(qū)制定了生態(tài)目標(biāo)，特別是對海灘和沙丘，鹽沼，海岸線和農(nóng)村地區(qū)（在島嶼和大陸鄰近地區(qū)）。此外，人們認識到三邊政策所涵蓋的不僅僅是瓦登海更廣闊的領(lǐng)域，而是為當(dāng)?shù)氐膭游锶汉椭参锶?/p>

47、的自然棲息地，目的是為了增加旅游的資源。為了更好地了解這些政策對自然環(huán)境的影響，首先必須考慮當(dāng)?shù)芈糜尾块T的情況。主要是基于旅游協(xié)會在瓦登海地區(qū)討論之后的經(jīng)驗。</p><p><b>　　二、具體內(nèi)容</b></p><p><b>　?。ㄒ唬┬蝿菥C述</b></p><p>　　一、自本世紀中葉，瓦登海區(qū)已成為越來越多的

48、游客受歡迎的目的地。如今，游客可以選擇所需要的住宿，例如：酒店，登山小屋，公寓，野營地，平房等。這方面的發(fā)展引發(fā)了大量的建筑等相關(guān)活動，更多的是對新的用地建設(shè)用以取代舊的建筑物。而這些建筑活動是這些地區(qū)的成本要素之一。所以，越來越多的開發(fā)商占據(jù)了這些空間，進行基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)等。有的體現(xiàn)在大自然中，有的是在農(nóng)村的歷史建筑物或者景觀的成本中。</p><p>　　二、但并不是所有的游客到該地區(qū)留下來住宿。一方面是因為距

49、離的原因。特別是島嶼渡輪，頻繁而低價的輪渡是的很多游客選擇一日游，所以并不需要住宿。在另一方面，大陸海岸線不同的休閑區(qū)也吸引了其他的游客，特別是在德國，其數(shù)目相當(dāng)大。游客不僅渴望在陽光下上海灘的地方，而且也希望走在沙丘上，買一杯咖啡，有適當(dāng)?shù)慕煌ㄔO(shè)施，并貫穿整個地區(qū)。例如，每天增加的渡輪班次，在停車場上，為內(nèi)地游客提供額外的停車位。</p><p>　　三、短假期，周末休息已成為許多人的理想時間。長期淡季時期，當(dāng)

50、地環(huán)境的安靜居民的自然等是些很讓游客滿意的地方。露營場地小屋和別墅成為了越來越多的游客的選擇。在假期季節(jié)，以及惡劣天氣的發(fā)展趨勢，在沙丘上出現(xiàn)步行者和自由運動者，但這些人類活動可能會導(dǎo)致鳥類的遷徙和繁殖問題。如果在每年早些時候?qū)婈P(guān)閉旅游區(qū)，那么對這些鳥類的重要領(lǐng)域就會形成保護。但是這是不現(xiàn)實的，因為人們應(yīng)該盡可能多的機會享受大自然，并進行適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻挼?。而且?dāng)?shù)氐穆糜位顒硬粌H可以增加當(dāng)?shù)氐闹龋岣弋?dāng)?shù)鼐用竦氖杖?，而且可以帶了許多就

51、業(yè)機會。所以，節(jié)假日的延長意味著更多的風(fēng)險，并干擾了鳥類物種的數(shù)量。</p><p>　　四、休閑活動不再局限于一兩種。目前可能的休閑活動似乎無窮無盡，有跳傘，高爾夫球，走在泥灘，參觀鳥殖民地，短期航空飛機旅行，放風(fēng)箏，日光浴，晚上乘坐馬車，越野自行車等。所以，休閑活動以自然為本，對大自然就有越來越多的不利影響。</p><p>　　五、旅游業(yè)的經(jīng)濟方面發(fā)揮了一定的作用，這方面是在決策過程

52、中進行的。但是，在怎樣條件的經(jīng)濟影響下，才能實現(xiàn)資源的可持續(xù)利用。所以，經(jīng)濟方面是關(guān)于旅游的討論的重要部分。 </p><p><b>　?。ǘ┌l(fā)展和新趨勢</b></p><p>　　“三邊瓦登?！闭咧匾氖且紤]其在部門的發(fā)展和趨勢。</p><p>　　1、旅游業(yè)類似于是種植業(yè)。它被看作是一個部門能在不久的將來提供就業(yè)機會的行業(yè)?；?/p>

53、這個原因，政府通常給予補貼。在相對較高的失業(yè)率的情況下，這是一個對當(dāng)?shù)赜形Φ恼?。在戈登海沿海岸的許多社區(qū)，已經(jīng)計劃開發(fā)旅游。從建設(shè)一個公園，一個小平房與海灘的健康水療中心等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施開始?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施工作已經(jīng)開始進展，但為了改善居住質(zhì)量，這還需要更多的投資和建設(shè)。</p><p>　　2、采取短假期方式?？梢猿浞诌\用淡季的資源以及緩解旺季的游客承載力，對環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也有一定的貢獻。</p>&l

54、t;p>　　4、邁向更積極的假期趨勢?？梢詮淖匀画h(huán)境和觀光運動項目出發(fā)。以瓦登海為背景制定一個戰(zhàn)略。</p><p><b>　　三、總結(jié)：</b></p><p>　　越來越多的空間是被住宿、餐飲等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施占據(jù)，這還需要更多的游客來提高服務(wù)的質(zhì)量；旅游季節(jié)延長意味著縮短鳥類棲息的時期；人類的自然活動，對大自然有越來越多的不利影響；旅游相關(guān)的現(xiàn)金流量呈上升趨勢；

55、參觀和欣賞瓦登海地區(qū)的人也呈逐漸上升趨勢。</p><p>　　瓦登海地區(qū)在國際的重要性無需強調(diào)。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚龅氖菍崿F(xiàn)目標(biāo)?！叭酵叩呛！闭卟荒芎鲆曣懙厣系男蓍e活動，并造成了深遠的影響，如沙丘，濕地和鳥類等動物的保護。正在建設(shè)當(dāng)中的現(xiàn)代化建筑掩蓋了該地區(qū)的文化和歷史價值。對該地應(yīng)該進行怎么樣的配套建設(shè)，何時，何地才能進行？怎樣與自然和諧相處？答案就是對自然保護和可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的研究。</p>&l

56、t;p>　?。ㄒ唬┖商m瓦登社會的選擇</p><p>　　瓦登海地區(qū)提供了一些非常特殊的休閑機會。當(dāng)人們?nèi)フJ識和欣賞一個領(lǐng)域時，他們更愿意去保護它。而從旅游業(yè)的角度看它具有自然價值、文化價值、歷史價值等，這些都是瓦登海地區(qū)在旅游業(yè)上面的重要賣點。瓦登海以“自然”為旅游導(dǎo)向。在這樣一種方式下，尊重大自然、利用大自然。</p><p>　　從一個可持續(xù)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟手段的角度上來講，這是一個

57、重要的問題。當(dāng)然，這是否意味著更多的游客，更少的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理旅游地區(qū)者？更多的設(shè)施管理？這些方面確實需要更多的研究。荷蘭的瓦登海社會已采取措施，在這個方面絕對不能松懈。要制定這樣一個至關(guān)重要的戰(zhàn)略，要有一個全面的了解。在國際瓦登海地區(qū)，游客數(shù)量以及其他方面的統(tǒng)計仍是不完整的。因此，對自然保護可持續(xù)發(fā)展的可能性策略有以下幾個：對所需掌握的區(qū)域有一定的了解；確定該地區(qū)提供了就業(yè)機會以及其他機會；確定現(xiàn)有旅游與自然之間的保護目標(biāo)；選擇旅游活動的目

58、標(biāo)類型；制定明確的政策目標(biāo)；制定各項指標(biāo)，監(jiān)測和執(zhí)行該政策；時機成熟做出選擇，并提出一些見議。在北弗里斯蘭省的旅游業(yè)的有限公司正在制定，目的是就擬訂相關(guān)政策的可行性研究。荷蘭，德國和丹麥省以及瓦登海地區(qū)啟動了一個項目制定一項關(guān)于可持續(xù)旅游的戰(zhàn)略。“三方瓦登海政策”則可以保持這些見議適當(dāng)行使。</p><p>　　1997年，在瓦登海地區(qū)體育場，對土地的改革以及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得到了確認。這個政策必須能夠正確發(fā)展發(fā)展，