外文翻譯---電子信息專業(yè)介紹及發(fā)展

1、<p>　　電子信息專業(yè)介紹及發(fā)展</p><p>　　電子信息工程是一門應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代化技術(shù)進(jìn)行電子信息控制和信息處理的學(xué)科，主要研究信息的獲取與處理，電子設(shè)備與信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、開發(fā)、應(yīng)用和集成。現(xiàn)在，電子信息工程已經(jīng)涵蓋了社會的諸多方面，像電話交換局里怎么處理各種電話信號，手機(jī)是怎樣傳遞我們的聲音甚至圖像的，我們周圍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)怎樣傳遞數(shù)據(jù)，甚至信息化時代軍隊的信息傳遞中如何保密等都要涉及電子信息工程的應(yīng)用技術(shù)

2、。 </p><p>　　電子信息工程專業(yè)主要是學(xué)習(xí)基本電路知識，并掌握用計算機(jī)等處理信息的方法。不僅要學(xué)習(xí)許多電路知識、電子技術(shù)、信號與系統(tǒng)、計算機(jī)控制原理、通信原理等基本課程還要學(xué)習(xí)動手設(shè)計、連接一些電路并結(jié)合計算機(jī)進(jìn)行實驗，對動手操作和使用工具的要求也是比較高的。 </p><p>　　1、專業(yè)背景與市場預(yù)測</p><p>　　該專業(yè)是前沿學(xué)科，現(xiàn)代社會的

3、各個領(lǐng)域及人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹榷寂c電子信息技術(shù)有著緊密的聯(lián)系。全國各地從事電子技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、開發(fā)、銷售和應(yīng)用的企事業(yè)單位很多,隨著改革步伐的加快，這樣的企事業(yè)單位會越來越多。為促進(jìn)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，培養(yǎng)一大批具有大專層次學(xué)歷，能綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識和技能，適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)發(fā)展的要求，從事企事業(yè)單位與本專業(yè)相關(guān)的產(chǎn)品及設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)、安裝調(diào)試、運(yùn)行維護(hù)、銷售及售后服務(wù)、新產(chǎn)品技術(shù)開發(fā)等應(yīng)用型技術(shù)人才和管理人才是社會發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的客觀需要，市場對該類人

4、才的需求越來越大。為此電子信息工程專業(yè)的人才有著廣泛的就業(yè)前景，畢業(yè)生可從事電子設(shè)備、信息系統(tǒng)和通信系統(tǒng)的研究、設(shè)計、制造、應(yīng)用和開發(fā)工作。</p><p><b>　　2、專業(yè)培養(yǎng)要求</b></p><p>　　本專業(yè)學(xué)生主要學(xué)習(xí)信號的獲取與處理、電廠設(shè)備信息系統(tǒng)等方面的專業(yè)知識，要接受電子與信息工程實踐的基本訓(xùn)練，使其具備設(shè)計、開發(fā)、應(yīng)用和集成電子設(shè)備和信息系統(tǒng)

5、的能力。 </p><p>　　對于畢業(yè)生應(yīng)獲得以下幾個方面的知識和能力： </p><p>　　1）能夠較系統(tǒng)地掌握本專業(yè)領(lǐng)域?qū)拸V的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)理論知識，適應(yīng)電子和信息工程方面廣泛的工作范圍； </p><p>　　2）掌握電子電路的基本理論和實驗技術(shù)，具備分析和設(shè)計電子設(shè)備的基本能力； </p><p>　　3）掌握信息獲取、處理的基本理論和

6、應(yīng)用的一般方法，具有設(shè)計、集成、應(yīng)用及計算機(jī)模擬信息系統(tǒng)的基本能力； </p><p>　　4）了解信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的基本方針、政策和法規(guī)，了解企業(yè)管理的基本知識； </p><p>　　5）了解電子設(shè)備和信息系統(tǒng)的理論前沿，具有研究、開發(fā)新系統(tǒng)、新技術(shù)的初步能力； </p><p>　　6）掌握文獻(xiàn)檢索、資料查詢的基本方法，具有一定的科學(xué)研究和實際工作能力。 </p

7、><p><b>　　3、培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)</b></p><p>　　通過對所開的科目學(xué)習(xí)與理解，使其了解其中的重要性，使學(xué)生對自己的專業(yè)有一個更加細(xì)致的了解。例如在學(xué)校期間所開的科目：通信原理。</p><p>　　我們都知道通信作為一個實際系統(tǒng)，是為了滿足社會與個人的需求而產(chǎn)生的，目的是傳送消息（數(shù)據(jù)、語音和圖像）。 在通信原理的課程中，有多處要用到

8、信息論的結(jié)論或定理。信息論已成為設(shè)計通信系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)行通信技術(shù)研究的指南，尤其是它能告訴工程師們關(guān)于通信系統(tǒng)的性能極限。 </p><p>　　作為通信原理課程，還包含系統(tǒng)方面的內(nèi)容，主要有同步和信道復(fù)用。在數(shù)字通信系統(tǒng)中，只有接收信號與發(fā)送信號同步或者信號間建立相同的時間關(guān)系，接收端才能解調(diào)和識別信號。信道復(fù)用是為了提高通信效率，是安排很多信號同時通過同一信道的一種約定或者規(guī)范，使得多個用戶的話音、圖像等消息能

9、同時通過同一電纜或者其他信道傳輸。 </p><p>　　在通信原理之上是專業(yè)課程，可以進(jìn)一步講述通信系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計或深化某一方面的理論或技術(shù)。要設(shè)計制造通信系統(tǒng)，了解原理是必要的，但只知道原理是不夠的，還必須熟悉硬件（電路、微波）與軟件（系統(tǒng)軟件與嵌入式軟件），這是專業(yè)課程計劃中的另一分支的課程體系結(jié)構(gòu)。 </p><p>　　通信原理課程的教學(xué)從內(nèi)容上主要分為模擬通信和數(shù)字通信兩部分。重點

10、是數(shù)字通信的調(diào)制、編碼、同步等內(nèi)容。 </p><p><b>　　3、就業(yè)去向</b></p><p>　　該專業(yè)畢業(yè)生具有寬領(lǐng)域工程技術(shù)適應(yīng)性，就業(yè)面很廣，就業(yè)率高，畢業(yè)生實踐能力強(qiáng)，工作上手快，可以在電子信息類的相關(guān)企業(yè)中，從事電子產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營與技術(shù)管理和開發(fā)工作。主要面向電子產(chǎn)品與設(shè)備的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)和經(jīng)營單位，從事各種電子產(chǎn)品與設(shè)備的裝配、調(diào)試、檢測、應(yīng)用及

11、維修技術(shù)工作，還可以到一些企事業(yè)單位一些機(jī)電設(shè)備、通信設(shè)備及計算機(jī)控制等設(shè)備的安全運(yùn)行及維護(hù)管理工作。 </p><p><b>　　4、企業(yè)需求</b></p><p>　　由于信息時代的到來，據(jù)推測，在相當(dāng)長的一段時間內(nèi)，此類人才仍將供不應(yīng)求。 電子信息工程專業(yè)人才已經(jīng)成為信息社會人才需求的熱點。 </p><p>　　電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)是一項新

12、興的高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)，被稱為朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)。根據(jù)信息產(chǎn)業(yè)部分析，“十五”期間是我國電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期，預(yù)計電子信息產(chǎn)業(yè)仍將以高于經(jīng)濟(jì)增速兩倍左右的速度快速發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)前景十分廣闊。 </p><p>　　未來的發(fā)展重點是電子信息產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)、軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)和集成電路等產(chǎn)業(yè) ；新興通信業(yè)務(wù)如數(shù)據(jù)通信、多媒體、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電話信息服務(wù)、手機(jī)短信等業(yè)務(wù)也將迅速擴(kuò)展；值得關(guān)注的還有文化科技產(chǎn)業(yè)，如網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲等。目前，信息技術(shù)支持人才需求中排

13、除技術(shù)故障、設(shè)備和顧客服務(wù)、硬件和軟件安裝以及配置更新和系統(tǒng)操作、監(jiān)視與維修等四類人才最為短缺。此外，電子商務(wù)和互動媒體、數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)和軟件工程方面的需求量也非常大。 </p><p><b>　　5、未來展望</b></p><p>　　隨著社會信息化的深入，各行業(yè)大都需要電子信息工程專業(yè)人才，而且薪金很高。學(xué)生畢業(yè)后可以從事電子設(shè)備和信息系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計、應(yīng)用開發(fā)以及技術(shù)

14、管理等。比如，做電子工程師，設(shè)計開發(fā)一些電子、通信器件；做軟件工程師，設(shè)計開發(fā)與硬件相關(guān)的各種軟件；做項目主管，策劃一些大的系統(tǒng)，這對經(jīng)驗、知識要求很高；還可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)修成為教師，從事科研工作等。 </p><p>　　Introduction and Development of Electronic Information</p><p>　　Electronic and Inf

15、ormation Engineering is the science that deals with the electronic information control and information processing by using modern technology. It mainly studies the collection and processing of information, the design, de

16、velopment, application and integration of electronic equipment and information systems. Now, Electronic and Information Engineering has already covered many aspects of society. For example, in how to deal with a variety

17、of telephone signals in the Telephone Exch</p><p>　　What we learn in the major Electronic and Information Engineering is mainly the basic circuit knowledge and the skill dealing with computers and other proc

18、essing information. Through this subject, not only will we learn some basic courses such as circuits, electronics, signal and systems, computer control theory, telecommunication theory, but also we have to learn how to d

19、esign by ourselves, how to connect some of the circuit combined with the computer to do experiments. And it thinks highly abo</p><p>　　1. The Professional Background and Market Forecast </p><p>

20、　　This major is an advanced subject. All areas of the modern society and people’s everyday life are closely related to electronic information technology. Throughout the country there are numerous enterprises and industri

21、es who undertake the production, development, sales and application of electronic and technical products, and the enterprises like that keep increasing. It is necessary to train a large number of technical talents and ma

22、nagement talents with college-level education background, who </p><p>　　2. Professional Training Requirements </p><p>　　The students mainly study the knowledge about the acquisition and processi

23、ng of signal, power plant equipment system, etc., and students have to accept the basic training on electronic and information engineering practice to equip them with the capabilities on design, development, application

24、and integration of electronic equipment and information systems. </p><p>　　The knowledge and abilities should graduates acquired are: </p><p>　　1). systematically grasp the foundation of theoret

25、ical knowledge, and adapt to wide range of job on electronic and information engineering scope; </p><p>　　2). master the basic electronic circuit theory and experimental techniques, able to analysis and desi

26、gn the electronic equipment; </p><p>　　3). access the basic theory on information acquisition, processing and the general method of application, able to design, integrate, apply and simulate information syst

27、ems by computer; </p><p>　　4). Know about the basic principles, policies and regulations of the information industry, understand the basics of business management; </p><p>　　5). Know about the a

28、dvanced theory on electronic equipment and information systems, have the initial ability to do research, develop new systems and new technologies; </p><p>　　6). master the basic method of the literature sear

29、ch, data query, has the capacity to do some scientific research and practical work. </p><p>　　3. The Training Objectives </p><p>　　Though learning and understanding of the course, students shoul

30、d understand the importance of these subjects, by which they will have a more detailed understanding to their major. Let’s take the Subject: Communication as an example. </p><p>　　We all know that communicat

31、ion, as a practical system, appears to meet the needs of society and individuals to deliver messages (data, voice and images). In the Courses of communication theory, information theory is used in many places. Informatio

32、n theory has become a guideline in designing communication system and studying telecommunication technology, and in particular it can tell the engineers the performance limit of communication systems. </p><p&g

33、t;　　The Communication Theory course also includes something about systems; there mainly are synchronization and channel multiplexing. In the digital communication system, the receiver can demodulate and identify signals

34、only when the received signal with the transmitted signal or signal synchronization has been established same time relation. Channel reuse is a contract or specification to arrange a lot of signals through the same chann

35、el at the same time to increase communication efficiency, which </p><p>　　Apart from the Communication Theory, there are some professional courses which further tell about some specific theory or skill on co

36、mmunication system. It is necessary understand the principle to design and manufacture communications systems. But it is not enough to just understand the principle, students must also be familiar with the hardware (circ

37、uits, microwave) and software (system software and embedded software), which is a course structure in another branch of lesson plans. </p><p>　　Teaching of communication theory can be divided into two parts,

38、 simulated communications and digital communications. And it focuses on modulation, coding, synchronization of digital communication and so on. </p><p>　　3. Employment Destination </p><p>　　The

39、graduates have a wide field of engineering and technical adaptability, broad employment opportunities and high employment rate. The graduates have a strong ability on practice and will soon be familiar with his job; they

40、 can do some production work of electronic products, management and technical management and development in relevant electronic information enterprises. They are mainly engaged in assembling, commissioning, testing, appl

41、ication and maintenance for the production enterprises a</p><p>　　4. The Business Needs </p><p>　　As the information age comes, it is predicted that, for a long period of time, such personnel wi

42、ll remain in short supply. Electronic information engineering professionals has become a hot demand for the information society. </p><p>　　Electronic information industry is an emerging high-tech industry, k

43、nown as the sunrise industry. According to the Ministry of Information Industry, "fifteen" is the critical period for the development of China's electronic information industry, and electronic information i

44、ndustry is expected to remain about twice higher than the economic growth rate to rapidly develop and it has a good prospects. </p><p>　　The Focus on the future development is the electronic information prod

45、uct manufacturing industry, software industry and integrated circuit industries and so on. New communication services such as data communications, multimedia, Internet, telephone information services, SMS and other servi

46、ces will also be expanding rapidly; there are also cultural and scientific industries worth to mention, such as network games. Currently, in the support personnel demand for information technology, four kinds o</p>

47、<p>　　5 .Future Prospects </p><p>　　With information society deepening, most of the industry needs talents on Electronic and Information Engineering, and the salaries are high. After graduation, stude

48、nts can engage in designing of electronic equipment and information systems, application development and technology management. For example, the electronic engineers, who design and develop some electronic and communicat