土木工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量檢測行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對(duì)策

1、<p><b>　　外文文獻(xiàn)：　</b></p><p>　　Construction Quality Testing Industry Status and Development Strategies</p><p>　　Abstract With China's accession to the WTO, the foreign adv

2、anced detection of a large number of institutions will enter the domestic, For long-term protection of the domestic state of the detection unit is an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, this paper analyzes the status of

3、the industry, the development of the industry to identify existing problems and challenges, as well as the development of the industry's response are discussed. </p><p>　　Keywords detection, industry,

4、 strategy </p><p>　　1. Foreword </p><p>　　The construction industry is one of the pillars of the national economy and infrastructure industries. Particularly as China is in a rapid development s

5、tage, the whole nation is increasing infrastructure construction. Meanwhile coupled with the construction industry as a driving force for economic development speed of the important forces that the construction industry

6、is in a phase of great development. While China's construction market is in a very active stage, but also at extremely competiti</p><p>　　With China's accession to the WTO, the impact on the construc

7、tion industry as a whole will have a far-reaching impact. WTO construction industry is an important aspect. Mainly related to the construction industry, the survey design and consulting, real estate, urban planning, citi

8、es with municipal utilities and construction fields related to the intermediary services. In the WTO agreement, the cause of building a service belonging to the scope of trade agreements. From the trade in services agre&

9、lt;/p><p>　　The construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. Detection of emerging industries from the beginning of developm

10、ent today, as the construction industry is a subsidiary portion : A construction enterprises is the internal laboratories; A scientific research institutions within the nature of the teaching and research laboratories; O

11、ne is the quality of supervision and management at all levels established by the g</p><p>　　Industry Overview </p><p>　　2.1 Background industry </p><p>　　2.1.1 Testing Industry Stat

12、us </p><p>　　Detection industry from the formation of today approximately 15 years of experience -- 20 years of history, 10 years has made detection by the small-scale industries in turn, the type of work to

13、 a single integrated, Detection market concept from scratch, from covert to overt, various construction projects throughout the country now testing nearly 5,000 institutions, corporate laboratory quantity of approximatel

14、y 40%, oversight agencies detected 30%, research institutions detection force for 30%.</p><p>　　The large number of enterprises belonging to the first laboratory to laboratory, which means that enterprises i

15、n order to guarantee the quality of their products and the establishment of the laboratory, Due to its nature to a large extent, limited their testing to the market and As a subsidiary body within enterprises in a positi

16、on of economic strength, the ability to detect, size and technical strength sessions at a disadvantage in the market testing the market share of about 20%. </p><p>　　The establishment of oversight bodies at

17、all levels of detection Room With a policy of absolute advantage because of their government background, it formed a short time to overcome the disadvantages of monopoly through inspection missions in the form of rapidly

18、 in size and detection capabilities to gain the upper hand. Detection become mainstream market forces detection. However, the side effects of monopoly behavior is at its long-term policy to protect the state, compared wi

19、th other inefficien</p><p>　　Research institutions with institutional reform of public institutions and to keep stepping up the detection of operational inputs, it becomes the main development of the industr

20、y. and the gradual transition to an independent third party for the detection of corporate enterprises. They rely on the original national scientific research strengths in technical strength, hardware equipment and share

21、 office space due to the advantages. Since they first enter the market, and competition in the market </p><p>　　2.12.1.3 detection industry characteristics </p><p>　　Detection industry policy is

22、 a strong industry </p><p>　　The testing organizations as the quality of construction projects related to the regulation came into being. Detection market and the formation and development of policy guidance

23、 directly affected. Detection of accreditation and quality management industry itself is the government policy adjustment means Detection of the size of the market is the same quality management policy decision directly,

24、 it Detection market is not fully open market, detection industry is a strong policy-oriented industri</p><p>　　Detection industry with a strong regional </p><p>　　As the test industry is highly

25、 policy-oriented industries, Therefore local administrative departments will be in accordance with the actual formulation of their own places of special local regulatory requirements, special departments in charge of the

26、 industry is the ability to set up a registration system to review the decision directly detect the scope of services to the main location and overseas institutions to enter the local market under strict restrictions. An

27、other quality of the project i</p><p>　　Testing Industry current threshold is not high technology </p><p>　　Detection of long-term because the industry is monopolized by the government, the degr

28、ee of market testing poorer. A long time under the protection of the testing agencies often subsidiary departments or sections operation, not formed a separate set of operational development management, in particular wit

29、h foreign advanced detection comparison, Detection of the lack of management of the scientific system of internal management systems and experience. Due to the above reasons, the usual detection</p><p>　　Det

30、ection of a single institutional trades </p><p>　　Detection industry because of strong government color, it is often lock system in state-owned enterprises or enterprise units Private capital and foreign cap

31、ital has been watching this area, but the policy has been limited by lack of access. Thus the detection system of a single industry. However, with the reform of state-owned utilities, testing organizations may become joi

32、nt-stock reform, With China's accession to the World Trade Organization in-depth, open architecture market has become inevi</p><p>　　Chapter II trades plight </p><p>　　3.1 industries facing

33、difficulties and challenges </p><p>　　The construction industry as an integral part of quality testing with the quality of people and raise awareness of the people to keep. Detection of emerging industries f

34、rom the beginning of development today, we are faced with difficulties and challenges from all quarters. </p><p>　　3.1.1 policy risks </p><p>　　Detection of industries affected by the policy is

35、the high level of the industry. The emergence and development of policy-oriented results. And the first to face the problem is the policy risk. Our analysis category of standards and standardize the development and imple

36、mentation of international standards is not that high. China's current testing standards used several decades ago are old standards, those standards with international standards is far below With China's WTO acce

37、ssion, the various</p><p>　　3.1.2 WTO Challenges </p><p>　　From the formation of industry development today, institutions are testing the construction industry as part of the subsidiary there. h

38、ave formed an independent operation of the management system. However, as the impact of the WTO, according to international testing organizations General Requirements - Guideline 25 to laboratory management [2] For the d

39、etection of domestic institutions in terms of Guide 25 of regulatory requirements is not only stranger things More importantly for the management</p><p>　　3.2 sector the main problems </p><p>　　

40、Detection of businesses are facing not only a variety of risks and challenges, there should be a clear understanding of trade issues and inadequate, only be achieved targeted. </p><p>　　3.2.1 currently testi

41、ng the market very confusing. As part of the construction unit of the sense of the quality of information to stay in the clearance stage, and the current detection unit is a passive acceptance of the construction unit en

42、trusted Thus the detection and the detection of not only the relationship between the commission has been tasked also is testing and testing, In economic relations and impartiality of the two seemingly contradictory, and

43、 many units it is very difficult to det</p><p>　　3.2.2 current detection unit faced the question of how to most from the mother, separated from the survival of future troubles. Some units have already moved

44、away from the essence of the name of the detachment, from the administration and from the economy still is not independent. Therefore, as the true sense of the operation of the independent testing organizations how to ma

45、nage, How to survival and development have not too much experience to draw on. </p><p>　　3.2.3 detection units in the subsidiary as a long-term position in technology, human resources, capital investment is

46、insufficient, and So compared with other industries or fields with other testing organizations, the technical content is not high, and technological development at a slow pace. With the vigorous development of industry,

47、especially China's accession to the WTO, right as soon as possible to improve detection units the technical capacity and technical requirements of urgency. </p><p>　　Chapter III sectoral responses </p

48、><p>　　Construction industry in China is in the stage of rapid development, with the heightened awareness of the national quality, Detecting the development of the industry is full of potential and hope. </p

49、><p>　　The community of detection to the more urgent. The same time, higher demands. Therefore detection industry as a way of testing must become industrialized, eventually become a true sense of the impartiali

50、ty of the third-party intermediaries. As testing organizations in order to adapt to future developments must also : </p><p>　　Improve the monitoring and quality awareness </p><p>　　Introduce a c

51、omprehensive international Guideline 25 generic laboratory management requirements become the trend of the times. My test industry is most lacking is that through the operation of the quality system to ensure detection o

52、f justice and authority. Detection of domestic institutions and the international community must continue to implement the guidelines of the 25 requirements, Guideline 25 and the core is a comprehensive quality managemen

53、t. My test industry generally detection quality</p><p>　　Establish the concept of service and find their true position </p><p>　　Our detection industry will be a long time before the detection o

54、f impartiality and seriousness and testing service in opposition. Detection also accustomed to "check" for its role, but along with the test industry and the international community. Detection of the advancemen

55、t of the market, used to do before "the inspection team" role in the detection staff must change their attitudes. Detection of the future because of the positioning is service, a special technical service, sinc

56、e the service m</p><p>　　Establish modern enterprise management concepts </p><p>　　Detection from institutions attribute to enterprises attribute the changes Detection and subsidiary bodies from

57、 the past to the status of independent corporate units changing decision of the detection technology is positioning service enterprise, speaking as a testing organizations must establish a modern enterprise management co

58、ncepts, refer to and use all the advanced enterprise management tools and methodologies to help detect bodies healthy development. For example, the introduction of ERP t</p><p>　　Foster talent </p>&l

59、t;p>　　Future detection units in the competition is in fact the competition of talents. Once foreign counterparts to enter China first launched the battle for talent. As China's industry in terms of detecting most

60、is the lack of professional personnel, Now, China's construction industry practitioners detection generally low quality and our tertiary institutions has not offered specialized professional, Detection of the trainin

61、g industry as a whole development of detection, the focus it is necessary to </p><p><b>　　Summary </b></p><p>　　Construction Quality Testing Industry should serve as a unique industr

62、y is facing major changes before and the changing of exploration , as the entire industry in terms of not only have to face the increasingly fierce industry competition, should be a clear understanding of their foreign c

63、ounterparts from the competition. In the transformation of the WTO encountered greater difficulties and challenges, but the test industry should respond positively, and establish a comprehensive quality awarene</p>

64、<p>　　References </p><p>　　[1] Xu Bo, "making great quality supervision institutions conscientiously do a good job of adjustments", "quality", 2002, No. 8 2-5. </p><p>

65、;　　[2] "Testing and Calibration Laboratories generic requirements" (ISO/IEC17025 : 1999). State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision, p. 1.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文：</b></p><p

66、>　　建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量檢測行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展對(duì)策</p><p>　　摘要 隨著我國加入WTO，國外先進(jìn)的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)必將大量進(jìn)入國內(nèi)，對(duì)于長期處于保護(hù)狀態(tài)的國內(nèi)檢測單位帶來的是前所未有的沖擊。因此，本文通過分析該行業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，找出行業(yè)發(fā)展中存在的問題以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，并對(duì)行業(yè)發(fā)展的對(duì)策進(jìn)行了探討。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 檢測，行業(yè)，現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)策</p><p&g

67、t;<b>　　1． 前言</b></p><p>　　建筑業(yè)是一個(gè)關(guān)系到國計(jì)民生的支柱性基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)。特別作為我國正處在快速發(fā)展階段，全國上下都加大了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)。同時(shí)加上建筑業(yè)作為拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度的重要力量，因此建筑業(yè)正處在大發(fā)展階段。一方面我國的建筑市場正處在十分活躍的階段，同時(shí)也是處在市場競爭極不規(guī)范，問題叢生：首先是導(dǎo)致壓級(jí)壓價(jià)、回扣、墊資“三把刀”盛行，地方保護(hù)、行業(yè)保護(hù)抬頭；二是

68、建筑領(lǐng)域管理體系缺乏科學(xué)性，法律性文件和管理性文件不配套，與國外先進(jìn)模式相對(duì)差距較大；三是建筑隊(duì)伍供需嚴(yán)重失衡，建筑隊(duì)伍技術(shù)含量和人員素質(zhì)普遍不高[1]。</p><p>　　隨著我國加入WTO，對(duì)于整個(gè)建筑業(yè)的沖擊必將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。建筑事業(yè)是入世的一個(gè)重要方面。主要涉及建筑業(yè)、勘察設(shè)計(jì)咨詢業(yè)、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)、城市規(guī)劃、城市市政公用事業(yè)以及與建筑領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的各項(xiàng)中介服務(wù)。在WTO協(xié)議中建設(shè)事業(yè)所屬領(lǐng)域?qū)儆诜?wù)貿(mào)易協(xié)議的

69、范疇。從服務(wù)貿(mào)易協(xié)議的內(nèi)涵看，目前我國建設(shè)領(lǐng)域在當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易中基本處在勞動(dòng)密集型的服務(wù)層次上，而發(fā)達(dá)國家則已經(jīng)是技術(shù)、知識(shí)和資本密集型的服務(wù)層次上。從總體上講，差距比較大。我國加入WTO ，必須按照WTO 有關(guān)協(xié)議中關(guān)于權(quán)利和義務(wù)平衡的原則，在享受一定權(quán)利的同時(shí)，還要履行相應(yīng)的義務(wù)，承擔(dān)開放市場所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和壓力。</p><p>　　作為建筑行業(yè)的一個(gè)組成部分，工程質(zhì)量檢測隨著全民質(zhì)量意識(shí)的提高而不斷被人重視。

70、檢測行業(yè)從開始出現(xiàn)發(fā)展到今天，都是作為建筑行業(yè)的附屬部分出現(xiàn)：一種是建筑施工企業(yè)的內(nèi)部試驗(yàn)室；一種是科研院校內(nèi)部的教學(xué)科研性質(zhì)的試驗(yàn)室；一種是各級(jí)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督管理部門設(shè)立的帶有政府色彩的監(jiān)督檢測室。三種形式的檢測單位一直以來按照各自的工作領(lǐng)域開展檢測工作，并且一直按照附屬于母體的部門形式進(jìn)行運(yùn)作，還沒有形成獨(dú)立企業(yè)運(yùn)作的理念。但是隨著入世的沖擊，檢測機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)國際通用要求必須成為具有獨(dú)立法人資格的機(jī)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該是第三方獨(dú)立的服務(wù)中介機(jī)構(gòu)，由于定位

71、的逐步明確，各類檢測單位都開始著手進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)變。在轉(zhuǎn)變的階段，應(yīng)該認(rèn)真從行業(yè)發(fā)展角度研究如何能夠在逐漸規(guī)范化、正規(guī)化的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中成功轉(zhuǎn)變成適應(yīng)市場變化、快速成長發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　行業(yè)概述 </b></p><p><b>　　2．1行業(yè)背景</b></p><p>　　2.1.1檢測行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀</p>

72、;<p>　　檢測行業(yè)從形成到今天大約經(jīng)歷了十五年---二十年的歷史，十幾年時(shí)間已經(jīng)使檢測行業(yè)規(guī)模由小變大，工作類型由單一到綜合，檢測市場化概念從無到有，從暗到明，如今全國各種建筑工程檢測機(jī)構(gòu)近5000家，其中企業(yè)試驗(yàn)室數(shù)量大約占40%，監(jiān)督檢測機(jī)構(gòu)占30%，科研院校檢測力量占30%。</p><p>　　數(shù)量眾多的企業(yè)試驗(yàn)室屬于第一方試驗(yàn)室，即企業(yè)為了保證自身產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量而設(shè)立的試驗(yàn)室，由于其自身性質(zhì)

73、很大程度上限制了他們走向檢測市場的步伐，作為企業(yè)內(nèi)部附屬機(jī)構(gòu)的地位使其在經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力、檢測能力、規(guī)模和技術(shù)力量等個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)處于劣勢，在檢測市場所占市場分額約20%。</p><p>　　各級(jí)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)立的檢測室由于有了政策上的絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢，由于其政府背景，使其克服成立時(shí)間短的劣勢，通過壟斷檢測任務(wù)的形式很快在規(guī)模和檢測能力上占據(jù)優(yōu)勢，成為目前檢測市場中主流檢測力量。但是壟斷行為的副作用是其長期處在政策保護(hù)狀態(tài)，相比其他機(jī)構(gòu)效

74、率低下，技術(shù)水平不高，服務(wù)意識(shí)差，自身競爭能力差。</p><p>　　科研院校隨著事業(yè)單位機(jī)構(gòu)改革，不斷加大檢測業(yè)務(wù)投入，使其變成主業(yè)發(fā)展，并相繼將其轉(zhuǎn)型為第三方獨(dú)立法人檢測企業(yè)。它們依靠原來國家科研投入的優(yōu)勢，在技術(shù)力量、硬件設(shè)備和辦公場地方面有著不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。由于他們最早走向市場，在市場競爭中已經(jīng)總結(jié)了許多經(jīng)驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　2.12.1.3檢測行業(yè)特點(diǎn)</p>

75、<p>　　檢測行業(yè)是政策性較強(qiáng)的行業(yè) </p><p>　　檢測機(jī)構(gòu)由于建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量的相關(guān)管理規(guī)定應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，檢測市場的形成和發(fā)展受政策導(dǎo)向直接影響。檢測機(jī)構(gòu)的資格認(rèn)可和行業(yè)資質(zhì)管理本身就是政府政策調(diào)節(jié)的手段，檢測市場的大小同樣也是政府質(zhì)量管理政策直接決定，因此，檢測市場是不完全開放的市場，檢測行業(yè)是一個(gè)政策導(dǎo)向性很強(qiáng)的行業(yè)。</p><p>　　檢測行業(yè)是帶有很強(qiáng)的地域性

76、</p><p>　　由于檢測行業(yè)是政策性很強(qiáng)的行業(yè)，因此各級(jí)地方行政主管部門都會(huì)根據(jù)自己地方實(shí)際制訂有地方特色的管理要求，特別是行業(yè)主管部門設(shè)立的資質(zhì)審查注冊制度直接決定了檢測機(jī)構(gòu)的服務(wù)范圍以所在地為主，外地機(jī)構(gòu)打入本地市場受到嚴(yán)格限制。另外工程質(zhì)量檢測本身需要大型的檢測設(shè)備，并且樣品的檢測具有明確的實(shí)效性，因此從交通、成本、運(yùn)作方便性考慮，檢測工作跨地區(qū)開展具有難度，從而決定了各行政區(qū)域內(nèi)市場的獨(dú)立性。<

77、;/p><p>　　檢測行業(yè)目前技術(shù)門檻不高 </p><p>　　因?yàn)闄z測行業(yè)長期處于政府壟斷經(jīng)營之下，檢測市場化程度較差。長期處于保護(hù)之下的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)往往以附屬部門或科室形式運(yùn)作，沒有形成一套獨(dú)立運(yùn)作發(fā)展的管理模式，特別是與國外先進(jìn)的檢測同行相比，在檢測工作管理方面缺少科學(xué)的系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)部管理體系和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。由于以上原因，通常的檢測單位對(duì)設(shè)備場地等硬件和技術(shù)培養(yǎng)等硬件的投入較少，以至于長期停滯在低水

78、平重復(fù)發(fā)展的態(tài)勢，因此造成目前雖然政策壟斷成分高，但技術(shù)門檻低的現(xiàn)狀。</p><p><b>　　檢測行業(yè)體制單一 </b></p><p>　　檢測行業(yè)由于強(qiáng)烈的政府色彩，使其體制往往鎖定在國有事業(yè)或企業(yè)單位，民營資本和外資一直注視著這一領(lǐng)域，但是由于政策所限一直無法進(jìn)入。因此目前的檢測行業(yè)體制單一。但是隨著國有事業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)改革，使檢測機(jī)構(gòu)股份制改造成為可能，伴隨著我

79、國加入世界貿(mào)易組織的深入，開放建筑市場成為必然，可見目前的格局十分不穩(wěn)，政策的變化立即打破現(xiàn)有的平衡。</p><p><b>　　第二章 行業(yè)困境</b></p><p>　　3.1 行業(yè)面臨困難和挑戰(zhàn)</p><p>　　作為建筑行業(yè)的一個(gè)組成部分，工程質(zhì)量檢測隨著全民質(zhì)量意識(shí)的提高而不斷被人重視。檢測行業(yè)從開始出現(xiàn)發(fā)展到今天，面臨的困難和

80、挑戰(zhàn)來自各方面。</p><p><b>　　3.1.1政策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)</b></p><p>　　檢測行業(yè)是受政策影響程度很高的行業(yè)。它的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展都是政策導(dǎo)向的結(jié)果。而首先面對(duì)的問題就是政策風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題。我國的檢測類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)范的制定和執(zhí)行與國際接軌程度不高。我國目前使用的檢測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均為幾十年前老標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相差很遠(yuǎn)，隨著我國入世，各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都面臨更新和接軌問題。在

81、這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的演變中，原有的設(shè)備、技術(shù)力量、運(yùn)作方法都會(huì)進(jìn)行較大的變動(dòng)。檢測行業(yè)必須面對(duì)來自以上政策的變動(dòng)帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p><p>　　3.1.2入世的挑戰(zhàn)</p><p>　　從行業(yè)形成到發(fā)展到今天，檢測機(jī)構(gòu)中都是作為建筑行業(yè)的附屬部分出現(xiàn)，還沒有形成獨(dú)立運(yùn)作的管理體系。但是隨著入世的沖擊，檢測機(jī)構(gòu)根據(jù)國際通用要求—導(dǎo)則25來管理實(shí)驗(yàn)室[2]，而對(duì)于國內(nèi)的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)來講導(dǎo)則25的管理要求不

82、僅僅是陌生的東西，更重要的是對(duì)于其中的管理思想是完全全新的體系，我國的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)在這種管理模式的經(jīng)驗(yàn)十分缺乏。因此整個(gè)行業(yè)面臨著行業(yè)升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型的階段。</p><p>　　3.2行業(yè)中存在的主要問題</p><p>　　檢測行業(yè)面臨的不僅僅是各種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和挑戰(zhàn)，應(yīng)該認(rèn)清行業(yè)存在的問題和不足，才可能作到有的放矢。</p><p>　　3.2.1目前的檢測市場十分混亂，由于部分

83、施工單位對(duì)質(zhì)量意識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)停留在資料過關(guān)的階段，并且檢測單位目前是被動(dòng)的接受施工單位的委托，因此在檢測和被檢測之間的關(guān)系不僅是委托被委托同時(shí)又是檢測和被檢測，在經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)系和公正性的看似矛盾的兩者，許多檢測單位很難把好關(guān)。導(dǎo)致檢測市場上評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)檢測單位工作質(zhì)量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)而是能否在必要時(shí)的靈活和方便。在這樣的環(huán)境中，不可能培養(yǎng)出依靠信譽(yù)品牌立足的檢測單位。</p><p>　　3.2.2目前的檢測單位大部分面臨如何從

84、母體脫離，是否脫離、脫離以后如何生存的困擾。部分已經(jīng)脫離的單位實(shí)質(zhì)上在名義上的脫離，從行政管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)來往上仍然不是獨(dú)立的。因此，作為真正意義上的獨(dú)立運(yùn)作的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)如何管理、如何生存發(fā)展還沒有太多可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。</p><p>　　3.2.3檢測單位由于長期處于附屬地位，因此在技術(shù)、人力、資金的投入不足，因此與其他行業(yè)相比或與其他領(lǐng)域的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)相比，技術(shù)含量不高，并且技術(shù)發(fā)展速度很慢。隨著我國建筑業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，特別

85、是我國加入WTO，對(duì)盡快提高檢測單位的技術(shù)能力和技術(shù)水平要求迫切。</p><p><b>　　第三章 行業(yè)對(duì)策</b></p><p>　　建筑業(yè)在我國正處在高速發(fā)展階段，隨著全國質(zhì)量意識(shí)提高，檢測行業(yè)充滿發(fā)展的潛力和希望。</p><p>　　社會(huì)一方面對(duì)檢測的要求會(huì)更迫切。同時(shí)會(huì)更高要求。因此作為檢測行業(yè)的出路必須將檢測變成產(chǎn)業(yè)化，最終成

86、為真正意義上的第三方公正性的中介機(jī)構(gòu)。作為檢測機(jī)構(gòu)為了適應(yīng)將來的發(fā)展必須作到：</p><p><b>　　提高檢測質(zhì)量意識(shí) </b></p><p>　　全面引入導(dǎo)則25國際通用的實(shí)驗(yàn)室的管理要求成為大勢所趨。我國檢測行業(yè)最缺乏的是通過質(zhì)量體系的運(yùn)作來保證檢測公正性和權(quán)威性。國內(nèi)的檢測機(jī)構(gòu)要與國際接軌必須堅(jiān)定不移地執(zhí)行導(dǎo)則25的各項(xiàng)要求，而導(dǎo)則25的核心就是全面的質(zhì)

87、量管理。我國檢測行業(yè)普遍的檢測質(zhì)量意識(shí)不高，在內(nèi)部質(zhì)量管理方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不多，但是不能因?yàn)槟壳皥?zhí)行困難而放棄，而是應(yīng)該一方面努力向國外同行學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室管理方面先進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一方面因地制宜的逐步摸索一套適合中國國情的質(zhì)量管理模式。通過不斷的學(xué)習(xí)和摸索盡快縮短我們與國外同行之間的差距。</p><p>　　樹立服務(wù)觀念，找到自己真正的定位 </p><p>　　我國的檢測業(yè)由于長期以往將檢測工作的公正

88、性和嚴(yán)肅性與檢測的服務(wù)性對(duì)立起來，檢測人員也習(xí)慣于“檢查團(tuán)”的角色定位，但是隨著檢測行業(yè)與國際接軌，檢測市場化的推進(jìn)，以前做慣了“檢查團(tuán)”角色的檢測人員必須改變觀念。因?yàn)闄z測將來的定位就是服務(wù)，一項(xiàng)特殊的技術(shù)服務(wù)，既然是服務(wù)就必須講究信用、態(tài)度和服務(wù)質(zhì)量，這種服務(wù)不是指犧牲檢測公正性去迎合某些客戶的需要，而是在確保檢測公正性的前提下提高檢測服務(wù)的滿意度。只有提供滿意服務(wù)的檢測單位才能在公平的檢測市場環(huán)境下生存發(fā)展。</p>

89、<p>　　樹立現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理觀念 </p><p>　　檢測從事業(yè)單位屬性向企業(yè)屬性的轉(zhuǎn)變，以及檢測機(jī)構(gòu)從以往附屬地位向獨(dú)立法人單位的轉(zhuǎn)變決定了檢測機(jī)構(gòu)的定位就是技術(shù)服務(wù)性企業(yè)，因此作為檢測機(jī)構(gòu)來講必須建立起現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理觀念，借鑒和利用一切企業(yè)管理的先進(jìn)手段和方法來幫助檢測機(jī)構(gòu)健康發(fā)展。比如引進(jìn)ERP來控制和降低檢測成本、提高檢測工作的效率、利用CRM軟件來提高客戶服務(wù)質(zhì)量，利用“5S”的管理方法來加

90、強(qiáng)檢測現(xiàn)場的有序性，借助品牌推廣手段來提高檢測機(jī)構(gòu)的信譽(yù)度等等。一旦檢測行業(yè)真正引入現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，檢測行業(yè)才可能真正的“做強(qiáng)做大”。</p><p><b>　　樹立人才觀 </b></p><p>　　今后的檢測單位之間的競爭其實(shí)是人才的競爭，而國外同行一旦進(jìn)入我國首先展開的就是人才爭奪戰(zhàn)。作為我國的檢測行業(yè)來講最缺乏的也是專業(yè)的人才，目前我國的建設(shè)工程檢測

91、行業(yè)的從業(yè)人員普遍素質(zhì)偏低，并且我國大專院校也沒有開設(shè)專門的專業(yè)，檢測人才的培養(yǎng)成為整個(gè)檢測行業(yè)發(fā)展中的重點(diǎn)，因此必須一方面提高檢測行業(yè)從業(yè)人員的門檻，一方面建立檢測人員內(nèi)部培訓(xùn)機(jī)制和人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，提前做好人才的儲(chǔ)備工作，以迎接今后更嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p><b>　　小結(jié)</b></p><p>　　建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量檢測行業(yè)應(yīng)該作為一個(gè)比較特殊的行業(yè)正面臨著重大轉(zhuǎn)

92、變前和轉(zhuǎn)變中的探索中，作為整個(gè)行業(yè)來講面對(duì)的不僅僅是也業(yè)內(nèi)日益激烈的競爭，更應(yīng)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到來自國外同行的競爭。在入世后的轉(zhuǎn)變中遇到的困難和挑戰(zhàn)更大，但是檢測行業(yè)應(yīng)該積極應(yīng)對(duì)，樹立起全面質(zhì)量意識(shí)、借鑒現(xiàn)代企業(yè)管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)、強(qiáng)化服務(wù)和人才意識(shí)，我國的檢測行業(yè)才能適應(yīng)將來的國際競爭，才能保證行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1