外文翻譯---基于電子商務(wù)的航空公司成本控制

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Airline Cost Control Based on E-commerce</p><p>　　Abstract—Airline’s operating situation is not good nowadays. At this situation, cost control is very

2、 important to airline. It is a new idea and method for airline to using computer and network oriented information technology to cost control. Firstly, this article analyses the airline’s cost composition, then describes

3、how to use e-commerce to control cost of airline in air material cost, sales expenses, financial expenses, administrative expenses and so on. Finally, based on service-oriented arc</p><p>　　Keywords-airline;

4、 e-commerce; cost control; service-oriented architecture </p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION </p><p>　　Since the Great Depression, 2009 went into the history books as the worst year the air transportation

5、 industry has ever seen. Passenger transportation demand dropped 3.5 percent while cargo transportation demand suffered an even bigger hit, falling 10.1 percent. All over the world, 30 airlines have ceased business due t

6、o lack of funds, 14 of which went out of business. </p><p>　　This year, as the global economic recovery, demand for the air traffic has improved significantly. Statistics show that the situation is moving in

7、 the right direction. During the World Air Transport Summit held in June, IATA said: "The global air transportation industry's most difficult times are over, but challenges remain. It will take at least three ye

8、ars to recover the $81 billion drop in revenues in 2009." </p><p>　　Compared to the difficult situation of foreign airlines, China Airlines are in the better situation, but should not be too optimistic

9、. In 2009, China's civil aviation industry achieved revenue of 212 billion yuan with profit of 7.4 billion, however, which was mainly caused by appreciation of the RMB exchange gains and jet fuel hedging. </p>

10、<p>　　II. AIRLINE COST ANALYSIS </p><p>　　Cost of China's airlines is composed of operating cost, sales expenses, administrative expenses, finance charges, aviation infrastructure construction fun

11、ds, tax and associate charges and other costs. Operating cost accounts for about 73% of the total cost, which includes about 24% in fuel cost, 18% in the aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, 13% in the airport lan

12、ding and service fees, 9% in the air material cost, and 9% in wage cost and other. </p><p>　　Basically fuel cost, aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, airport landing and service fees are non-controll

13、able cost. Because the China Aviation Oil Holding Company almost entirely controls the import, storage, transportation of jet fuel. The domestic airlines have not alternative channel of long-term effective fuel supply, s

14、o they are powerless in controlling fuel cost. Similarly, the China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Corporation is plenipotentiary of Chinese airlines for for</p><p>　　III. USING E-COMMERCE TO AI

15、RLINE COST CONTROL</p><p>　　E-commerce refers to not only internet-based transaction but also all activities using electronic information technology on increasing publicity, lowering cost, adding value and c

16、reating business opportunities, which including a series of trade activities of procurement, product, storage, transportation, display, order and payment through the network. Now, in the most of China’s airlines, e-comme

17、rce is limited to e-ticket. However, the fact is that many other airline businesses can be achieved t</p><p>　　IV. SOA-BASED AIRLINE E- COMMERCE PLATFORM</p><p>　　SOA(service-oriented architectu

18、re) is the service-oriented software developing idea and architecture, which is to solve business integration problem in the internet environment. SOA neutrally defines standardized interfaces, which can make services ba

19、sed on different hardware platforms, operating systems, even different programming languages communicate with each other to achieve cross-platform portfolio of services. For the reason, the SOA-based airline e-commerce p

20、latform can unite airline’s i</p><p>　　The SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will target the establishment of core business function controlled on airline’s own. Its background support system is build on

21、 the basic business functions, such as the departure control system, agent distribution system, tariffs system, payment system, frequent flyer system, air material inventory and procurement system, operation control syst

22、em, financial management system, which support business logic by enterprise service bus, while business logic pr</p><p>　　In a word, the SOA-based airline e-commerce platform will not only enable airline con

23、trol product, channel, customer effectively, but also enable airline have a strong direct sales capabilities and cooperation initiative for B2B. Meanwhile, through this e-commerce platform, customer will receive consiste

24、nt, seamless services, which help improve customer loyalty and revenue contribution. </p><p>　　V. CONCLUSION </p><p>　　In the information age, using computer-based, network-centric information

25、 technology to control cost is a new idea and method for airline. The SOA-based airline e-commerce platform can fully integrate airline internal systems and external social resources, uniformly control and use core resou

26、rces. With its help, the airline can not only control cost, but also have a new business model and great space for development. </p><p>　　基于電子商務(wù)的航空公司成本控制</p><p>　　摘要：現(xiàn)在航空公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況也不好。在這種情況下，成本控制對(duì)于

27、航空公司是非常重要的。航空公司使用計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)為導(dǎo)向的信息技術(shù)是成本控制的一個(gè)新的想法和方法。本文首先分析了航空公司的成本構(gòu)成，然后介紹了如何使用電子商務(wù)對(duì)航空公司航材成本：銷售費(fèi)用，財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用，管理費(fèi)用等，以控制成本。最后，面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，本文還介紹了如何整合內(nèi)部和外部信息資源，航空公司建立空中電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)，不僅有利于航空公司的成本控制，也有利于航空公司的創(chuàng)新業(yè)務(wù)模式，提高企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。</p><p>

28、;　　關(guān)鍵詞：航空；電子商貿(mào)；成本控制；面向服務(wù)架構(gòu)</p><p><b>　　一 引言</b></p><p>　　大蕭條以來，2009年航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)進(jìn)入有史以來最糟糕的一年?？瓦\(yùn)需求下降了3.5％，而貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨笤馐芨蟮拇驌?，下降?0.1％。世界各地的30家航空公司已由于缺乏資金而停止?fàn)I業(yè)，其中14家倒閉了。</p><p>　　今

29、年以來，隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的復(fù)蘇，對(duì)空中交通的需求已顯著改善。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，這種情況在朝著好的方向發(fā)展。在6月舉行的世界航空運(yùn)輸首腦會(huì)議上，國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)表示：“全球航空運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的最困難的時(shí)期已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但挑戰(zhàn)依然存在，至少還需要3年才能收回在2009年損失的810億美元的收入?！?lt;/p><p>　　中國(guó)國(guó)際航空公司與外國(guó)航空公司的困難局面相比較，處于較好的情況，但不應(yīng)過于樂觀。2009年，中國(guó)的民航業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)收入212

30、億元人民幣，利潤(rùn)7.4億元，但是，這主要是人民幣匯率升值收益和噴氣燃料的對(duì)沖造成的。</p><p>　　二 航空公司的成本分析</p><p>　　中國(guó)的航空公司的成本由經(jīng)營(yíng)成本，銷售費(fèi)用，管理費(fèi)用，財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用，航空基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)資金，稅收及副收費(fèi)等的成本分布。經(jīng)營(yíng)成本約占總成本的73％，其中包括約24％的燃料成本，18％的飛機(jī)的折舊和維修費(fèi)用，13％的機(jī)場(chǎng)著陸費(fèi)和服務(wù)費(fèi)，9％的空中材料成

31、本，9％的工資和其他成本。</p><p>　　基本上燃料費(fèi)用，飛機(jī)折舊和維修費(fèi)用，機(jī)場(chǎng)起降費(fèi)和服務(wù)費(fèi)是不可控成本。因?yàn)橹袊?guó)航空控股油料控股公司，幾乎完全控制噴氣燃料的進(jìn)口，儲(chǔ)存，運(yùn)輸。國(guó)內(nèi)航空公司沒有長(zhǎng)期有效的燃料供應(yīng)替代通道，所以在控制燃料成本，他們是無能為力的。同樣，中國(guó)航空公司是由中國(guó)航空器材進(jìn)出口集團(tuán)公司全權(quán)代理采購(gòu)?fù)鈬?guó)飛機(jī)，因此航空公司不能把他們的訂單直接給飛機(jī)制造商，這使得飛機(jī)的購(gòu)買價(jià)格始終在一個(gè)較

32、高水平。此外，大多數(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)場(chǎng)是在該地區(qū)處于壟斷地位，可供選擇的航空公司是非常有限的，所以航空公司沒有討價(jià)還價(jià)的能力。因此，航空公司應(yīng)該從相對(duì)可控方面控制成本。</p><p>　　三 使用電子商務(wù)航空公司成本控制</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)是指不僅基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的交易，并且所有業(yè)務(wù)采用電子信息技術(shù)，提高宣傳，降低成本，增加價(jià)值和創(chuàng)造商機(jī)，其中包括了一系列的貿(mào)易活動(dòng)如：產(chǎn)品的采購(gòu)，儲(chǔ)存，運(yùn)輸

33、，陳列，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)訂單和付款。現(xiàn)在，電子商務(wù)在中國(guó)航空公司的使用僅限于電子機(jī)票。然而，事實(shí)是，許多其他航空公司的業(yè)務(wù)可以通過電子商務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)。電子商務(wù)是航空公司實(shí)現(xiàn)成本控制的一個(gè)理想平臺(tái)。</p><p>　　四 基于SOA的航空公司電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)</p><p>　　SOA（面向服務(wù)的架構(gòu)）是面向服務(wù)的軟件開發(fā)理念和架構(gòu)，也就是解決在Internet環(huán)境下業(yè)務(wù)集成問題。中立的SOA定義了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

34、的接口，它可以根據(jù)不同的硬件平臺(tái)，操作系統(tǒng)，甚至不同的編程語言互相溝通實(shí)現(xiàn)跨平臺(tái)的服務(wù)組合的服務(wù)。這樣，基于SOA的航空公司電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)可以團(tuán)結(jié)航空公司們一起架構(gòu)不同的信息系統(tǒng)。此外，SOA是動(dòng)態(tài)的靈活性，所以這個(gè)電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)能滿足未來航空業(yè)的擴(kuò)張需求。</p><p>　　基于SOA的航空公司電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)將針對(duì)核心業(yè)務(wù)功能建立航空公司自己的控制。它的后臺(tái)支持系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的基本業(yè)務(wù)功能，如離場(chǎng)管制系統(tǒng)，代理經(jīng)銷制度，

35、關(guān)稅制度，支付系統(tǒng)，常客系統(tǒng)，空中材料庫(kù)存和采購(gòu)系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)行控制系統(tǒng)，財(cái)務(wù)管理制度，支持企業(yè)服務(wù)總線業(yè)務(wù)邏輯，業(yè)務(wù)邏輯一致和靈活的方式給所有通道的應(yīng)用提供了獨(dú)特的服務(wù)。</p><p>　　總之，基于SOA的航空公司電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)將不僅使航空公司能有效的控制產(chǎn)品、渠道、顧客，而且還使航空公司有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的直銷能力和合作的B2B倡議。同時(shí)，通過這個(gè)電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)，客戶將得到一致的無差異的服務(wù)，這有助于提高客戶忠誠(chéng)度和營(yíng)收貢

36、獻(xiàn)。</p><p><b>　　五 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　在信息化時(shí)代，使用計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)，以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為中心的信息技術(shù)來控制成本是航空公司的新思路和新方法?；赟OA的航空公司電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)，可以充分整合航空公司內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)和外部社會(huì)資源，統(tǒng)一控制和使用的核心資源。有了它的幫助，航空公司不僅可以控制成本，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)新的商業(yè)模式和巨大的發(fā)展空間。</p>