1902年霍亂在中國的流行_12775.pdf

1、中國海洋大學碩士學位論文1902年霍亂在中國的流行姓名：單麗申請學位級別：碩士專業(yè)：歷史地理學指導教師：李玉償20080605CholeraofChinain1902Abstract：TheendoftheQingdynastywhenthesurgedpopulation，unorganizedexploitationofthemountainsandotherfactorsdamagedthebalanceoftheenvironm

2、entisanimportantpartinChina’plaguehistorybecausethereweresomanyepidemicdiseasesInthe28myearofGuangxu(1902)ChinaexperiencedaseriouscholeraepidemicintheworldcholeraepidemiccontextLookingatthestudiesintegrated，althoughthere

3、aresomeachievements，butmanybasictaskrelTlainsunresolvedTheauthorwillbeonthebasisofthepredecessors’workusinglocalrecords，medicalbooks，collectedworksandother1iteratures，dividingthewholechinaintothreemajorregions：theHuguang

4、regiontheJiangnanregionandthesoutheastcoast，northandnorth，一eastareas，adoptingthemethodofdifferentiatingdiseasesbyprefecturetostudytheepidemicregionpattern，routes，aswellasthenaturalandsocialbackgroundof1902’choleraandthen

5、discussingtherelationshipbetweenthestateandsocietyThecholeraepidemicmainlydisseminatedalongwatersandtra伍croutesaswellasthecommunicatationbetweenpeopleItsseverelyafflictedareaincludethreemajorregions：Guang—dongandGuangxir

6、egiontheYangtzeRiverDeltaareaandWenzhouPrefectureincludeingitssurroundingareas，andtheiunctionzoneofJiluintheChina’sNorthPIainBecauseoflocalities’naturalandsocialenvironmentaldifferencesthecharacteristiesoftheepidemicmani

7、festeddifferentlyThereasonforthecholeraepidemicwastheresultofinteractionbetweenenvironmentandthepopulationInthelateQingDynasty，theincreasedpopulationwhichcauseddirtyenvironmcnt，climateanomalies，railwaysandothermodemmeans

8、oftransportationprovidedtheoutbreakofthecholeraagreatenvironmentalconditionsIntermsofthehumanfactorthedramaticincreaseofpopulationinthelateQingDynastyandtheincreasedpopulationdensityareimportantreasonsfortheoutbreakofthi

9、splague；thewar，chaosandothermanmadecalamitiesmadetheflamesevenmoreworse，besidesthat，people’uncleaneatingandlivinghabitswasalsoanimportantreasonfortheplagueAsthestronginfectiousandhighmortalityofcholeracholerapandemichave

10、hadaprofoundimpactonpeople’slivesandthechangesofsocialstructureBecauseoftheextensivescopeandfiercemomenmmofthischoleratheimpactwasmuchbiggerthanbeforeTheoutbreakofcholeracausedalargenumberpeople’sdeathshinderedthedevelop

11、mentofvariouseconomicactivitiesinallsectorsofsocietyThegeneralpublicadoptedsuperstitiouswayssuchas”ghostrepellentepidemic”facingwiththischoleraepidemicandevensomeofficialsalsodidthatButonotherhandofficialsinthecholeraepi

12、demictookisolationandexaminationandotherrelatedmeasurebasedontheirgreatinfluencewhichreflectingitsacceptation’saboutmedicalscienceandhealthconceptsAlthoughWestemmedicineatthattimewasunabletesisttothetraditionalChinesemed

13、icine，afterall，thepeoplehadacertainunderstandingandcontactofWesternmedicineandthiscontactmadepeople’semotionalresistancechangegraduallyandeventuallypromotedtheestablishmentofpublichealthandepidemicpreventionsystemSofromt