[雙語翻譯]高層建筑外文翻譯

1、2800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，15500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 4600 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Thongkamsuk P, Sudasna K, Tondee T. Waste generated in high-rise buildings construction: A current situation in Thailand[J]. Energy Procedia, 2017, 138: 411-416.Wast

2、e generated in high-rise buildings construction: A current situation in ThailandPoombete Thongkamsuk, Krichkanok Sudasna, and Tusanee TondeeAbstractThe construction industry is one of the key economic development activit

3、ies in Thailand. An increasing of the construction sector also contributed to the increasing of environmental pollution. It was estimated about 13-30% of all solid waste deposition in landfills worldwide comprised constr

4、uction and demolition waste. The international researches were showed that the construction industry generated high volume or quantities of material waste often attributed to the lack of on-site material control. Consequ

5、ently, reducing construction waste was becoming a key environmental issue in the building construction industry. This paper aimed to provide an overview of waste generated in high-rise buildings construction and the situ

6、ation of construction waste management in Thailand. By investigating the statistical information on construction waste and waste management of high-rise building projects, the analysis of environmental impacts was conduc

7、ted to identify the most potential materials for minimizing construction waste.Keywords: Keywords: Construction Waste Management, CWM, Sustainable of Environment, high-rise buildings Construction1. IntroductionOver the p

8、ast ten years, Thailand has enjoyed exceptionally rapid economic growth, achieving a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth of up to 3-5 % annually (http://www. tradingeconomics. com/ thailand/ gdp/ forecast) [1] . As seen

9、in Fig. 1.Fig. 1. Thailand’s of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)However, in parallel with this impressive economic development a severe degradation of Thai’s environment caused in part by the large amount of waste generated

10、by construction activities associated with expanding urbanization and infrastructure program.The term ‘ Construction and Demolition ( C&D) waste’ has been widely used for referring to the solid waste produced during

11、new construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings and structures. [2] Construction and demolition waste account for a large share of all solid waste Fig. 2 Area of building construction by type of building and ar

12、ea whole kingdom: 2015Is total area approximately 72,837,337 m2 of were permitted for construction. Therefore, approximately 4,200,595.85 tons of building–related construction waste were generated in Thailand in 2014. Th

13、e inevitable result was negatively on the environment will occur during construction. And the landfill area is not enough for the volume of construction waste. By C&D waste generation in high-rise buildings construct

14、ion was based on the survey on construction projects. The top ten of C&D waste generation found in high-rise buildings construction was concrete, tiles, ceiling, steel, wood, materials package, aluminum, plastic, gla

15、ss, and sand etc. There were a lot of environmental impacts and pollution generation in different fields as seen in Table 13. Current Practice of C&D Waste Management in Thailand3.1 Current Practice of C&D Waste

16、Management from Construction CompanyC&D wastes generation from high-rise buildings construction sites are mainly composed of concrete, steel, sand and wood. The amounts of C&D waste generated vary from site to si

17、te and depend on the design by architectures, construction material management, storage, and expertise of the workers on site. In general, construction companies segregated only reusable and recyclable C&D debris suc

18、h steel left from the cut off, framework wood for reuse and steel and aluminum scrap for recycle.The rest of C&D waste after segregation, such as concrete debris and the cut off piles were mixed with other types of w

19、aste will be disposed as fill material. Transportations of C&D waste was operated by construction companies themselves or by hiring others to remove and dispose C&D waste off-sites. The reusable and recyclable C&

20、amp;D waste were stored at construction sites or transferred and kept at company warehouses.Most of construction sites have limited area for construction material storage and not available for C&D waste segregation.

21、Some sites need to rent vacant land nearby for site storage. Also site managers did not realize the benefit of C&D waste segregation and believe that waste time and money. Therefore, major problems of C&D waste s

22、egregation are the limited available areas and attitude of site managers toward C&D waste segregation.Table 1. C&D waste generation in high-rise buildings construction and environmental impacts and pollution gene