[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)外文翻譯——形式與色彩——設(shè)計(jì)的兩個(gè)基本元素（原文）

1、Form and Colour—Two Basic Elements of DesignS. Saleem Ahmed and B. GurumoorthyAbstract There is no consensus among the designers and design educators on the number of design elements. For well over 100 years of formal de

2、sign education, design students are trained to use varying number of elements in their pursuit of designing products. In the design literature, there are different sets of design ele- ments mentioned for the purpose of d

3、esigning products. This inconsistency has often led to confusion among design students and designers about what really are the elements. This paper is an attempt to bring some clarity to this state of con- fusion. This a

4、lso explains why there are varying number of elements used by designers and how one can expand the basic elements of design, Form and Colour, into varying number of elements for meeting their purpose. Results of this stu

5、dy will help designers to make use of the popular method of designing with more clarity and customize it to suit one’s requirements.Keywords Design elements ? Design principles ? Form ? Colour1 IntroductionThere is no co

6、nsensus among the designers and design educators on the number of design elements [1]. According to Lauer [2], who wrote a book on Design Basics, “no two designers will ever agree on the same list of design elements and

7、principles or on which are which”. There has not been any work on finding why there are many design elements and principles. So, this gap is partly being filled up through investigation on the design elements in this pap

8、er.S. Saleem Ahmed (&) ? B. Gurumoorthy Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India e-mail: saleem.ahmed@vit.ac.inPresent Address: S. Saleem Ahmed School of Mechanical E

9、ngineering, VIT University, Vellore, India© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 A. Chakrabarti and D. Chakrabarti (eds.), Research into Design for Communities, Volume 2, Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologie

10、s 66, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3521-0_768933 Assumptions and MethodsWhen people engage with products, it is typically a multi-sensory experience. In addition to product’s visual form, other product qualities like tactile,

11、auditory, sometimes olfactory and gustatory are also used in a product experience. However product’s visual form is considered particularly important for the following reasons:(a) Vision is the dominant sense for majorit

12、y of the people [9] (b) Vision is a sense that is effective over distance and because of this products are typically seen before they are touched [10] (c) Consumers approach a product to explore its non-visual qualities

13、because often the product’s visual form initially attracted them [11].Perhaps because of these reasons, the majority of the literature focusses on visual aspects in comparison to other senses. Visual aesthetics and visua

14、l perceptions are commonly used terms in the literature. For the purpose of this paper, assumptions and definitions are made based on the dominance of the visual sense.3.1 Definition of a Design ElementAny discrete visua

15、l and/or tactile entity is considered as a design element. A design is composed of several design elements. Pixels, Points, Lines, and Surfaces are used for constructing a design in the virtual media. They are building b

16、locks and not design elements. At a micro level, Atoms are building blocks. Traditionally design elements are the ones used for composing the appearance or styling of a new design. Design elements are unit-less entities.

17、 So, Length and Width cannot be design elements. Design elements are perceived through visual (optical) and/or tactile senses. Design elements are the optimal independent visual and/or tactile entities for a particular d

18、omain of design. They are either individually or collectively account for all that we see or feel in a product design.3.2 MethodsMajor contributors to the knowledge base of design aesthetics, design education, and design

19、 philosophy over the last about 100 years have been considered. All the design elements as proposed by these authors have been tabulated and analyzed. They have been sequenced to one order, checked against the definition