[雙語翻譯]外文翻譯--水污染來源、影響、控制和管理（譯文）

1、Available online at www.ilns.pl International Letters of Natural Sciences 3 (2014) 1-6

2、 ISSN 2300-9675 Water pollution: sources, effects, control and management F. W. Owa Department of Integrated Science, Federal College of Education, Okene, Kogi State, Nigeria Phone: +2348032948925, +2348057841287 ABSTRAC

3、T Human activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an effect on the water bodies (

4、rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. Some recommenda

5、tions such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned. Keyword: Environmental Education; Pollution; Management; Phytoremediation; Biomass and Control 1. INTRODUCTION The importance of water for sustenanc

6、e of life cannot be overemphasized. Whether it is in use of running water in our homes, rearing cattle and growing crops in our farms, or the increased uses in industry, remain immeasurable. It is important therefore, t

7、o not that depletion of this commodity either through contamination, or careless use results in serous consequences. 2. WATER POLLUTION Water is considered polluted if some substances or condition is present to such a

8、 degree that the water cannot be used for a specific purpose. Olaniran (1995) defined water pollution to be the presence of excessive amounts of a hazard (pollutants) in water in such a way that it is no long suitable

9、for drinking, bathing, cooking or other uses. Pollution is the introduction of a contamination into the environment (Webster.com, 2010). It is created by industrial and commercial waster, agricultural practices, everyd

10、ay human activities and most notably, models of transportation. No matter where you go and what you do, there are remnants earths environmental and its inhabitants in many ways. The three main types of pollution are: L

11、and Pollution, Air Pollution and Water Pollution. Both for the purpose of this research, emphasis are on water pollution and control. International Letters of Natural Sciences 3 (2014) 1-6

12、 3 into water. Chemical pollutants from distaffs have been found to be animal carcinogens. The dyeing industries in

13、 Nigeria (tie and dye) produce chemicals such as zinc sulphate and copper salts which are non-biodegrable, when they are discharged into rivers; they produce devastating effects on aquatic environments. Pollution poses

14、 a serious risk to life especially when the water is a source of drinking and for domestic purposes for humans polluted waters are potent agents of diseases such as cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis. A major water pollu

15、tants has been oil spilled in large quantities from tankers of broken oil pipes from oil industries which kills sea weeds, mollusks, marine birds, crustaceans, fishes and other sea organisms that serve as food for hum

16、ans. This leads to calcium deficiencies in our diet. Some insecticides like DDT are particularly dangerous when allowed into bodies of water because its concentration increases along the food chain. Oysters for an exam

17、ple can accumulate DDT to a concentration. 70,000 times that of DDT in sea water. The effects of water pollution in some areas has been to an extent of irreversibly changing aquatic ecosystems. This is dangerous to pla

18、nts and animals including humans. Since water pollution has direct consequences on human well beings, an effective teaching strategy in the formal education sector is essential for a better understanding so as to devel

19、op the right attitude towards water. This is why the guided discovery approach is a teaching strategy which when adequately utilized and combined with other methods of science teaching will leave lasting impression on

20、the learner as well as help him solve the problems of his immediate environment (Ogwuasor, 1998). 4. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION Water pollution has a duel effect on nature. It has negative effects on the living and als

21、o on the environment. The effects of pollution on human beings and aquatic communities are many and varied. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by u

22、ntreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indians children’s die of diarrhea every day and so many other countries too. Nearly 500 million Ch

23、inese lack access of safe drinking water. Definitely with all these, we can expect that there is going to be a reduction in productivity. Biomas and diversity of communities are to be expected when large amount of tox

24、ic materials are released into the streams, lakes and coastal waters in the ocean. Much of aquatic pollution involves sewage in which organic waste predominate. This waste can increase secondary productivity while alte

25、ring the character of the aquatic community. Most fishes especially the species desired as food by man are among the sensitive species that disappear with the least intense pollution. Water pollution leads to damage to

26、 human health. Disease carrying agents such as bacteria and viruses are carried into the surface and ground water. Drinking water is affected and health hazards result. Direct damage to plants and animals nutrition also

27、 affects human health. Plants nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances that support the growth of aquatic plant life could be in excess causing algal gloom and excessive weed growth. This makes wa

28、ter to have odour, taste and sometimes colour. Ultimately, the ecological balance of a body of water is altered. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain which lowers the pH value of soil and emission of car