[雙語翻譯]---外文翻譯--管理因素對商業(yè)銀行盈利率的影響來自約旦的實際經(jīng)驗（原文）

1、 International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences Vol. 3, No.3, July 2013, pp. 298–310 ISSN: 2225-8329 © 2013 HRMARS www.hrmars.com Impact of Managerial Factors on Commerc

2、ial Bank Profitability: Empirical Evidence from Jordan Mohammad Abdelkarim ALMUMANI Department of Administrative Sciences-Finance Section RCC -King Saud University, P.O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

3、E-mail: malmumani@ksu.edu.sa, Mobile: 00966-565167537 Abstract The objective of this paper is to determine the management controllable factors that determine bank’s profitability of the Jordanian commercial banks liste

4、d in Amman Stock of Exchange (ASE). For this, the bank-specific variables are derived from the income statements and the balance sheets of commercial banks published in ASE. Excluding Islamic banks, thirteen Jordanian

5、commercial banks listed in ASE since 2000 were selected (91 observations) over the 2005-2011 intervals. This paper uses descriptive analysis(includes the mean, minimum, maximum, median and standard deviation), financi

6、al ratios analysis, Pearson correlation analysis ,regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the natural logarithm to implicate the results with the hypotheses. The factors taken into consideration are Profi

7、tability measured by ROA, measured by Cost efficiency CIR, measured by Liquidity LADST, measured by Credit Composition measured by NCTA, Credit Risk measured by PRCF, Capital adequacy measured by TETA and the Bank Size

8、 measured by SZE. The major outcome of this study is that the cost income ratio is the major endogenous factors under the control of management that determines the profitability of the commercial banks in Jordan. Other

9、 variables, such as LADST, NCTA, PRCF, TETA and SZE did not show any statistical effect on profitability. Key words Managerial Factors, Cost efficiency, Liquidity, Credit Risk, Capital adequacy DOI: 10.6007/IJARAFMS/v3

10、-i3/203 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v3-i3/203 1. Introduction The profitability became one of the challenges faced by the commercial banks to strengthen their financial positions in order to meet the risks a

11、ssociated with openness and globalization. A profitable banking sector is better able to withstand negative shocks and contribute to the stability of the financial system. The determinants of profitability are well obs

12、erved and explored, as it is increasingly important to strengthen the foundations of domestic financial system as a way to buildup flexibility for capital flow volatility. The profitability of commercial banks is affec

13、ted by Managerial (internal) and Environmental (external) factors. Managerial factors are affected by management decisions and goals to be achieved by the management of the bank; such as capital ratio, credit risk, pro

14、ductivity growth and size of the bank performance. Environmental factors are affected by external forces such as financial market structure, trade interdependence, economic growth, inflation, market interest rates and

15、ownership structure. In this context, the importance of this study is to identify the managerial factors that affect commercial banks. profitability in general, and Jordanian banks in particular. This paper contributes

16、 to literature in a unique way. The dataset, made up of thirteen Jordanian commercial banks (91 observations) consist of 81.3% of banks listed in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). This enhances the generalization of our resul

17、t to all the banks operating in Jordan. The rest of the paper is divided as follows: - Highlights on the Jordanian banking sector; - Review of related literature; - Methodological issues are discussed; Internationa

18、l Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences Vol. 3 (3), pp. 298–310, © 2013 HRMARS 300 growth rate 86.3% 384.14% 79.4% 43.4% 9.7% -60.3% -45.0% Throughout the above analysis

19、, it could be concluded that most of the improvements in the banking industry were attributable to market conditions and the structural factors such as the advanced technology and competitive behavior. These conditions

20、transformed the banking industry to become more open and more competitive causing an overall enhancement in the macroeconomic performance. 3. Literature Review Determinants of bank profitability have received much atten

21、tion from academic researchers. This section provides the overview of previous studies reviewed related to the determinants of the profitability of banks. Some studies were country specific and few of them considered pa

22、nel of countries for reviewing the determinants of profitability. Abuzar (2013) explored the determinants of profitability of Islamic banks in Sudan. The study found that only the internal factors to these banks have a

23、significant impact on banks' profitability, as measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and net financing margin (MARG). More specifically, cost, liquidity, and size of the bank are found to have

24、 positive and significant effects on profitability. However, external macroeconomic factors are classified as redundant and have no significant effects on profitability. Y?lmaz et al. (2013) analyzed profitability and

25、its determinants for nine emerging countries including Turkey. The results reveal that operating expenses management, capitalization, credit risk, bank size and inflation are important determinants for both, return on a

26、sset and net-interest margin dependent variables. Zeitun (2012) measured some influential factors (foreign ownership, banks-specific variables, and macroeconomic factors) on Islamic and conventional banks in Gulf Cooper

27、ation Council (GCC) countries, during the period 2002-2009. The results show that a bank’s equity is important in explaining and increasing conventional banks profitability only. The cost-to-income had a negative and s

28、ignificant impact on Islamic and conventional banks performance. Additionally, the estimated effect of size provides evidence of economies of scale in Islamic banking using the ROE, while it is not significant for conv

29、entional banks. Foreign ownership, however, does not improve Islamic and conventional banks performance. Furthermore, bank’s age and banking development have no effect on bank performance. Finally, GDP is positively co

30、rrelated to bank’s profitability, while inflation is negatively correlated to bank’s profitability. Ani, Ugwunta, Ezeuduand Ugwuanyi (2012) investigated the determinants of the profitability of deposit money banks in N

31、igeria. Major outcomes of the study include that increase in size (higher total assets) may not necessarily lead to higher profits due to diseconomies of scale; higher capital-assets ratio and loans and advances contri

32、bute strongly to bank profitability. Overall, the paper suggests bank size, capital and asset composition as the major endogenous determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria. Syafri (2012) analyzed the factors that a

33、ffect the profit of commercial banks in Indonesia. The empirical results show that loan to total assets, total equity to total assets, loan loss provision to total loan have positive effect on profitability, while infla

34、tion rate, the size of bank and cost-to-income ratio (BOPO) have negative effect on profitability. Economic growth and non-interest income to total assets have no effect on bank profitability. Uremandu (2012) presente

35、d empirical evidence of the effect of bank capital structure and liquidity on profitability using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2006 studied. The study found a positive influence of cash reserve ratio, liquidity ra

36、tio and corporate income tax; and a negative influence of bank credits to the domestic economy, savings deposit rate, gross national savings (proxy for deposits with the central bank), balances with the central bank, i

37、nflation rate and foreign private investments, on banking system profits. It also observed that liquidity ratio leads banks’ profits in Nigeria, closely followed by balances with the central bank and then, gross nation

38、al savings and foreign private investments, followed suit in that order. The study recommended a drastic reduction in balances with central bank, liquidity ratio and cash reserve ratio profiles by the monetary author

39、ities to enable banks create adequate credits and release more money into circulation for effective financial intermediation to occur; ensure effective and efficient management of bank liquidity by banks to moderate le

40、vels so as to optimize profitability, and curb perennial unethical banking practices such as directly engaging in trading, importation and exportation of goods, and other speculative deals, instead of lending to the do