[雙語翻譯]外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--營運(yùn)資金管理對不同商業(yè)周期公司盈利能力的影響來自芬蘭的案例（節(jié)選）

1、中文 3450 字,2300 單詞，13500 英文字符文獻(xiàn)出處: Enqvist J, Graham M, Nikkinen J. The impact of working capital management on firm profitability in different business cycles: Evidence from Finland[J]. Research in International Busines

2、s Business cycles; Profitability1. IntroductionThis paper investigates the effect of the business cycle on the link between working capital, the difference between current assets and current liabilities, and corporate p

3、erformance. Efficient working capital management is recognized as an important aspect of financial management practices in all organizational forms. In acknowledgement of this importance, the CFO Magazine publishes an an

4、nual study of corporate working capital management performance in many countries. The extensive literature indicates that it impacts directly on corporate liquidity ( Kim et al., 1998 and Opler et al., 1999), profitabili

5、ty (e.g., Shin and Soenen, 1998, Deloof, 2003, Lazaridis and Tryfonidis, 2006 and Ukaegbu, 2014), and solvency (e.g.,Berryman, 1983 and Peel and Wilson, 1994).It is reasonable to assume that economy-wide fluctuations exo

6、genous to the operations of the firm play an important role in the demand for firms’ products and any financing decision. Korajczyk and Levy (2003), for instance, suggest that firms time debt of this important working ca

7、pital–profitability relationship. Hitherto no academic study has examined the working capital–profitability relationship in the Nordic region, to the best of our knowledge. Surveys on working capital management in the No

8、rdic region carried out by Danske Bank and Ernst & Young in 2009 show, however, that many companies rated their working capital management performance as average, with a growing focus on optimizing working capital in

9、 the future. The surveys are, however, silent on how this average performance affected profitability. This gives further impetus for our study.Our results point to a number of interesting findings. First, we find that fi

10、rms can enhance their profitability by increasing working capital efficiency. This is a significant result because many Nordic firms find it hard to turn good policy intentions on working capital management into reality

11、(Ernst and Young, 2009). Economically, firms may gain by paying increasing attention to efficient working capital practices. Our empirical finding, therefore, should motivate firms to implement new work processes as a ma

12、tter of necessity. We also found that working capital management is relatively more important in low economic states than in the economic boom state, implying working capital management should be included in firms’ finan

13、cial planning. This finding corroborates evidence from the survey results in the Nordic region. Specifically, the survey results by Ernst and Young (2009) indicate that the largest potential for improvement in working ca

14、pital could be found within the optimization of internal processes. This suggests that this area is not prioritized in times of business growth which is typical of the general economic expansion periods and is exposed in

15、 economic downturns.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 presents a brief review of the literature presents the hypotheses for empirical testing. Sections 3 and 4 discuss data and models to be e

16、stimated. The empirical results are presented in Section 5 and Section 6 concludes.2. Related literature and hypotheses2.1. Literature reviewMany firms have invested significant amounts in working capital and a number of

17、 studies have examined the determinants of this investment. For example Kim et al. (1998) and Opler et al. (1999), Chiou et al. (2006) and D’Mello et al. (2008) find that the availability of external financing is a deter