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1、AUTOMATICTRANSMISSIONThemodernautomatictransmissionisbyfar,themostcomplicatedmechanicalcomponentintoday’sautomobile.Itisatypeoftransmissionthatsiftsitself.Afluidcouplingtqueconverterisusedinsteadofamanuallyoperatedclutch
2、toconnectthetransmissiontotheengine.Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionbasedonwhetherthevehicleisrearwheeldrivefrontwheeldrive.Onarearwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallymountedtothebackoftheengineislocatedund
3、erthehumpinthecenterofthefloboardalongsidethegaspedalposition.Adriveshaftconnectsthetransmissiontothefinaldrivewhichislocatedintherearaxleisusedtosendpowertotherearwheels.Powerflowonthissystemissimplestraightfwardgoingfr
4、omtheengine,throughthetqueconverter,thentroughthetransmissiondriveshaftuntilitreachesthefinaldrivewhereitissplitsenttothetworeartransmission.Onafrontwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallycombinedwiththefinaldrivetofmwhat
5、iscalledatransaxle.Theengineonafrontwheeldrivecarisusuallymountedsidewaysinthecarwiththetransaxletuckedunderitonthesideoftheenginefacingtherearofthecar.Frontaxlesareconnecteddirectlytothetransaxleprovidepowertofrontwheel
6、s.Inthisexample,powerfloesfromtheengine,throughthetqueconvertertoalargerchainthatsendsthepowerthrougha180degreeturntothetransmissionthatisalongsidetheengine.Fromthere,thepowerisroutedthroughthetransmissiontothefinaldrive
7、whereitissplitsenttothetwofrontwheelsthroughthedriveaxles.Thereareanumberofotherarrangementsincludingfrontdrivevehicleswheretheengineismountedfronttobackinsteadofsidewaysthereareothersystemsthatdriveallfourwheelsbutthetw
8、osystemsdescribedherearebyfarthemostpopular.Amuchlesspopularrearisconnectedbyadriveshafttothetqueconverterwhichisstillmountedontheengine.ThissystemisfoundonthenewCvetteisusedindertobalancetheweightevenlybetweenthefrontre
9、arwheelsfimprovedperfmancehling.Anotherreardrivesystemmountseverything,theengine,transmissionfinaldriveintherear.ThisrearenginearrangementispopularonthePsche。pack.Surroundingtheoutsideofthedrumisabthatcanbetightenedaroun
10、dthedrumwhenrequiredtopreventthedrumwiththeattachedsungearfromturning.Theclutchpackisused,inthisinstance,tolocktheplacarrierwiththesungearfcingbothtoturnatthesamespeed.Ifboththeclutchpackthebwerereleased,thesystemwouldbe
11、inneutral.Turningtheinputshaftwouldturntheplagearsagainstthesungear,butsincenotingisholdingthesungear,itwilljustspinfreehavenoeffectontheoutputshaft.Toplacetheunitinfirstgear,thebisappliedtoholdthesungearfrommoving.Toshi
12、ftfromfirsttohighgear,thebisreleasedtheclutchisappliedcausingtheoutputshafttoturnatthesamespeedastheinputshaft.Manymecombinationsarepossibleusingtwomeplaarysetsconnectedinvariouswaytoprovidethedifferentfwardspeedsreverse
13、thatarefoundinmodernautomatictransmission.2)ClutchpackAclutchpackconsistsofalternatingdisksthatfitinsideaclutchdrum.Halfofthedisksaresteelhavesplinesthatfitintogrovesontheinsideofthedrum.Theotherhalfhaveafrictionmaterial
14、bondedtotheirsurfacehavesplinesontheinsideedgethatfitgrovesontheoutersurfaceoftheadjoininghub.Thereisapistoninsidethedrumthatisactivatedbyoilpressureattheappropriatetimetosqueezetheclutchpacktogethersothatthetwocomponent
15、sbecomelockedturnasone.3)OnewayClutchAonewayclutch(alsoknownasa“sprag”clutch)isadevicethatwillallowacomponentsuchasringgeartoturnfreelyinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Thiseffectisjustlikethatbicycle,wherethepedalswillturn
16、thewheelwhenpedalingfward,butwillspinfreewhenpedalingbackward.Acommonplacewhereaonewayclutchisusedisinfirstgearwhentheshifterisinthedriveposition.Whenyoubegintoacceleratefromastop,thetransmissionstartsoutinfirstgear.Buth
17、aveyouevernoticedwhathappensifyoureleasethegaswhileitisstillinfirstgearThevehiclecontinuestocoastasifyouwereinneutral.Now,shiftintoLowgearinsteadofDrive.Whenyouletgoofthegasinthiscase,youwillfeeltheengineslowyoudownjustl
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