中國藥科大學(xué)中藥學(xué)專業(yè)英語課件何首烏

1、第二章 中藥材各論,Radix Polygoni Multiflori (何首烏)Fleeceflower Root,OriginsPlant MorphologyCollection and PreparationProduction and CommerceDescriptionMicroscopical CharactersChemical ConstituentsPhysical and Chemica

2、l IdentificationPharmacologyAction Indication,Main contents,Heshouwu was first recorded in Kai Bao Ben Cao, and it literally means a man whose surname is He with black hair. A legend says that Heshouwu was the grands

3、on of a man who at age 58 had not been able to father a child. A monk advised him to eat the herb he gathered on the mountain. Because of taking the herb constantly, not only did he father several children as a result,

4、but his hair turned from grey to black and his body became stronger and more youthful. He lived to be 160, still with black hair, and his child lived to be 130. From that time on, this herb has been used to strengthen th

5、e body and nourish vital essence.,Origins,,It is the dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. , family Polygonaceae .,A perennial twining herb. The end of the root in a irregular plump mass. Stem somewhat woody

6、 at the base and much branched at the upper part, herbaceous. Leaves alternate, with a long petiole; blade cordate, 4～9 cm long, 2.5～5 cm broad, entire, glabrous; ocrea membranous.,perennial：多年生 petiole：葉柄

7、 ocrea：托葉鞘,Plant Morphology,Flowers numerous, in terminal or axillary panicles, small; perianth 5-parted, white, the parts unequal in size. Achene elliptical, 3-ridged, covered by the persisting winged perianth. Flowe

8、ring season Aug. ～ Oct.; fruiting season Sept. ～ Nov. . The plant is distributed in the east, the middle, the south, the southwest and the north of China.,Plant Morphology,terminal:頂生 axillary：腋生 panicles：圓錐花序 p

9、erianth：花被 achene：瘦果,Collection and Preparation The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, removed from two ends, the large one being sometimes halved or cut into pieces, and then dried.Production and Commer

10、ce The drug is mainly produced in Henan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan and Jiangsu. It is sold at home and abroad.,In a mass or irregular fusiform. 6～15 cm long. 4～12cm in diameter. Externally reddis

11、h-brown, shrunken and uneven. shallowly grooved, with transverse elongated lenticels and fine rootlet scars. Texture heavy, compact, uneasily broken, fracture pale yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, starchy, bark exhibiti

12、ng 4～11 subrounded rings of abnormal vascular bundles. forming brocaded patterns, wood in central part, relatively large, some having a woody core. Odourless; taste bitterish, sweetish and astringent.,Description,starchy

13、：粉性的viscous：粘性的horny：角質(zhì)樣,lenticel-like protrusions：皮孔樣凸起,橫斷面： transverse elongated橫切面：transverse section縱切面：longitudinal section,Transverse section: Cork consisting of several layers of cells, filled with brown

14、contents. Phloem relatively broad, scattered with 4～11 subrounded abnormal vascular bundles of collateral type, vessels rare in the bundles. In the central part of a root cambium in a ring; vessels in xylem less. Parench

15、ymatous cells containing starch granules. And clusters of calcium oxalate, 10～160 μm in diameter.,Microscopical Characters,,,,abnormal vascular bundles,,cambium,xylem,,cork,phloem,Transverse section,Powder,,,pitted vesse

16、l：紋孔導(dǎo)管reticulated vessel：網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管scalariform vessel:梯紋導(dǎo)管spiral vessel：螺紋導(dǎo)管,,,,emodin,,physcione,,,2，3，5，4’-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-β-D-glucoside,,,,lecithin,Chemical Constituents,di- 二tri- 三tetra-

17、 四penta-; quinque 五,hydroxy-: 羥基的,Anthraquinone,（1）取粉末約0.1g，加10％氫氧化鈉溶液10ml，煮沸3分鐘，冷后濾過。取濾液，加鹽酸使成酸性，再加等量乙醚，振搖，乙醚層應(yīng)顯黃色。分取乙醚液4ml，加氨試液2ml，振搖，氨試液層顯紅色。（2）取粉末約0.2g，加乙醇5ml，熱回流提取5分鐘，趁熱過濾，放冷。取濾液2滴，置蒸發(fā)皿中蒸干，趁熱加三氯化銻的氯仿飽和溶液1滴，顯紅棕色至紫

18、紅色。,Physical and chemical Identification,Thin Layer Chromatography,2，3，5，4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside,physcione,emodin,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,2，3，5，4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucosid

19、e,Tonifying effect : 強壯作用Purgative effect: 瀉下作用Cholesterol level-lowering and atherosclerosis relieving effects. 降低膽固醇及減輕動脈粥樣硬化的作用。,Pharmacology,Action,Crude herb: To counteract toxicity, to cure carbuncles, and to re

20、lax bowels. 生首烏：解毒、消癰、潤腸通便。Prepared herb (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata): To invigorate the liver and the kidney, to replenish vital essence and blood, to blacken the hair, and to strengthen the tendon and b

21、ones. 制首烏：能補肝腎、益精血、烏須發(fā)、壯筋骨。,Indication,Crude herb: Constipation, carbuncles, hyperlipemia and tuberculosis of lymphatic glands. Prepared herb (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata): Dizziness and tinnitus, prematu