木材生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與管理

1、1條軀干：軀干：森林作業(yè)科學(xué)與技術(shù)；兩條腿；兩條腿:1、林業(yè)裝備2、林區(qū)道路。1、WhatisFestEngineeringAbranchofengineeringconcernedwiththesolutionoffestryproblemswithregardtolongrangeenvironmentaleconomiceffects.(SciTechDictionary.)2、我國(guó)森林資源的特點(diǎn)：、我國(guó)森林資源的特點(diǎn)：Richi

2、ntreespeciesbroadareasuitableffests宜林地區(qū)廣，樹種多2、Lowfestcoveragelowststocking森林覆蓋率低3.Unevendistribution森林資源地區(qū)分布不均：Ntheast–largestnaturalfestareaSouthwest–2ndlargestnaturalfestareaSoutheast–mainlyplantationssecondaryfests四大林

3、區(qū)1、東北林區(qū)2、北方林區(qū)3、東南林區(qū)4、西南林區(qū)3、第八次、第八次全國(guó)森林資源清查（200920132013年）(TheEighthNationalFestFestResourcesResourcesInventyInventy)結(jié)果顯示，中國(guó)森林面積達(dá)到1.95億ha2.082.08億ha森林覆蓋率20.36%21.6%21.6%世界第五世界第五4、Fivefesttypes公益林（保護(hù)林、特殊用材林）商業(yè)林（用材林，經(jīng)濟(jì)林，薪炭林

4、）5、China’sfestrygoals：Bytheyearof2020festcoveragewillincreasetoover23percent；2050266、FestSustainableDevelopment：Itreferstokeepingthelongtermproductivecapacityregenerationcapacityoffestsmaintainingfestecosystemsthebiodive

5、rsityintheabsenceofunacceptabledamages.森林可持續(xù)發(fā)展是指在沒有不可接受的損害的情況下長(zhǎng)期保持森林生產(chǎn)能力和再生能力以及保持森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物種和生態(tài)多樣性。FestrySustainableDevelopment：Itreferstothesustainabledevelopmentofproductivityspeciesgeicdiversityrenewablecapacityofthefes

6、tecosystem.7、Timberproductiontechnology木材生產(chǎn)工藝：Chooseproductionlineappropriateequipmenttechnologycodinatewkingproceduresaccomplishproductiontaskwithlessinvestmenthighefficiencyshtwkingcyclelowcost.選擇流水作業(yè)線選用設(shè)備技術(shù)協(xié)調(diào)工序間配合銜接完成

7、生產(chǎn)加工任務(wù)投資少效率高周期短成本低8、木材生產(chǎn)作業(yè)特性、木材生產(chǎn)作業(yè)特性1。資源開發(fā)性。資源開發(fā)性:Resourceexplation2。場(chǎng)地分散，可轉(zhuǎn)移性。場(chǎng)地分散，可轉(zhuǎn)移性－ScatteredsitesManeuverability3。自然條件約束性。自然條件約束性Naturalconstraints4。社會(huì)經(jīng)。社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境生態(tài)的雙重屬性濟(jì)與環(huán)境生態(tài)的雙重屬性Doubleattributesofsocialeconomicenv

8、ironment9、木材生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品形態(tài)（四大產(chǎn)品類型）Felledtreelonglogshtlogchip伐倒木，原條，原木，削片伐倒木，原條，原木，削片10、木材生產(chǎn)主要完成哪幾個(gè)動(dòng)作？采集歸裝運(yùn)（采運(yùn)（采集在山上伐區(qū)，歸裝運(yùn)在山集在山上伐區(qū)，歸裝運(yùn)在山上棱場(chǎng)）上棱場(chǎng)）卸造選歸裝（山下貯木場(chǎng)）裝（山下貯木場(chǎng)）采伐，集材，歸楞，裝車，運(yùn)材采伐，集材，歸楞，裝車，運(yùn)材—用戶用戶卸車卸車打枝打枝造材造材選材選材歸裝歸裝—用戶用戶Regene

9、rationplantingdirectseeding移植或者直接播種移植或者直接播種Map宏觀森林?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)地方關(guān)系眼見為實(shí)25、Theloggingplanmayincluderecommendationsonloggingroadsstreamsidemanagementzonesstreamcrossingsskidtrailsthescheduleofactivities.26、TimberHarvesting：（1）Theendo

10、fthegrowingcycleofafestTimberproduction（2）ThestartofthenextgenerationSeedstogerminate&besuccessfullyestablishedExposedmineralsoilDirectsunlightofanopenareaSiteproductivity27、森林采伐類型Finalfelling（主伐）（主伐）Target:matureovermat

11、uretimberstsPurpose:timberproductionCriteria:favsfestregenerationreducenegativeecologicalimpactsIntermediatefelling（撫育采伐）（撫育采伐）Target:immaturestsPurpose:promotestgrowthimprovestqualityCriteria:cuttingstswithhighdensitywh

12、ilekeepingtheonewithlowdensitycuttingtreesinbadconditionwhilekeepingthegoodonesRegenerationcutting（更新采伐）（更新采伐）Target:protectionshelterfestsPurpose:improvefestefficiencypromoteregenerationCriteria:cuttingweakovermaturemal

13、adaptedtreesLowyieldfestimprovement（低產(chǎn)林改造）（低產(chǎn)林改造）Target:lowyieldfestPurpose:createstswithhighqualityyieldCriteria:cuttingstswithlowyieldquality28、主伐包括：皆伐、主伐包括：皆伐（clearcut）漸伐（漸伐（shelterwoodcut）擇伐（擇伐（ivecut）29.Artificialre

14、generationpantingdirectseeding(mostcommonlyused)ShtenrecoverytimeImprovestqualityHighcostNaturalregenerationnaturalseedingsproutingoftreesthatwereinthestMinimizeimpactsonwaterqualityReducesoilerosioncontrolpollutionresul

15、tingfromfestryoperations30.swfestscanberegeneratedbyremovingallbutthebest40to60treescuttingthesmallermepolyfmedtrees31、iveCut：usuallytheoldestlargesttreesivecuttingofthelargetreesinmaturestsleavespoerqualitylessvaluablet