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1、我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)是研究人類(lèi)早期文明尤其是稻作農(nóng)業(yè)起源與發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要區(qū)域。中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京地質(zhì)古生物研究所王偉銘研究員及其研究團(tuán)隊(duì)選取該地區(qū)受人類(lèi)活動(dòng)影響較小的自然剖面和考古點(diǎn)剖面，開(kāi)展了包括高分辨率AMS14C測(cè)年、孢粉、炭屑、磁化率和粒度以及區(qū)域表土花粉和與農(nóng)作物相關(guān)植物現(xiàn)代花粉形態(tài)等一系列研究。該研究重建了晚更新世以來(lái)自然植被氣候序列、新石器以來(lái)人類(lèi)活動(dòng)序列以及相互間的聯(lián)系；提出了中國(guó)史前稻作農(nóng)業(yè)的形成與發(fā)展的3個(gè)發(fā)展階段，即起始

2、階段（8000BC以前，與中石器時(shí)期大致相當(dāng)）、發(fā)展階段（8000BC—5000BC）和成熟階段（自5000BC之后）；認(rèn)為早期農(nóng)業(yè)的起始與人類(lèi)開(kāi)始選擇平坦的區(qū)域定居緊密相關(guān)，并與陶器的出現(xiàn)相吻合；末次冰期后的全球性氣候變暖促成了呈泛熱帶地區(qū)分布的野生稻開(kāi)始向北遷移，以及當(dāng)時(shí)的食物需求和儲(chǔ)藏可能是引發(fā)稻作農(nóng)業(yè)的另一大原因。全新世大暖期氣候條件和人口的增加則極大地推動(dòng)了研究區(qū)稻作農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。研究結(jié)果很好地揭示了人類(lèi)從狩獵采集生活方式向農(nóng)業(yè)

3、生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程。此項(xiàng)研究成果即將在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)刊物QuaternaryInternational上發(fā)表。ExplationofearlyricefarminginChinaWeiMingWangaJinLongDingbJunWuShuaWeiChencaNanjingInstituteofGeologyPalaeontologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008ChinabSuzhouArchaeo

4、logicalInstituteSuzhou215001ChinacNanjingInstituteofGeographyLimnologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008ChinaWiththeincreasingaccumulationofdataonearlyricefarminginthedlelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverthisregionhasbecom

5、eoneofthemostimptantplacestotracetheigindevelopmentofagriculture.ThispapergivesageneralevaluationofsomeearlyricesitesincludingtheHemuduMajiabangKuahuqiaoShangshanculturesinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverthePengtoushanCh

6、engbeixiculturestheXianrendongDiaotonghuanYuchanyansitesinthedlereachesoftheYangtzeRivertheJiahusiteinNthChinarecognizesthreemaindevelopmentstagesoftheprehisticricefminginChinai.e.initialstage(befe8000BCapproximatelyequa

7、ltoMesolithicAge)developingstage(between8000BC5000BC)maturatingstage(since5000BC).Theinitiationofagricultureissuggestedtocomewiththeestablishmentofmelesssedentaryresidenceswhichcoexistswiththeoccurrenceofpotterymaking.Wa

8、rmingclimateafterthelastglaciationsisconsideredasamajfactthatallowedthedistributionofthewildricenthward.FoodrequirementstageareanotherfactininitiatingearlyricefarmingwhiletheincreasingpopulationtheHolocenegeneralintro:Th

9、eColPurpleisa1982eistolarynovel書(shū)信小說(shuō)writtenbyAmericanauthAliceWalkerthatwonthe1983PulitzerPrizefFictiontheNationalBookAwardfFiction.TakingplacemostlyinruralGegiathestyfocusesonfemaleblacklifeinthe1930sinthesouthernUnitedS

10、tatesaddressingnumerousissuesincludingtheirexceedinglylowpositioninAmericansocialculture.Plotsummary（只選了關(guān)于書(shū)信那一截，大概曉得是為撒子只選了關(guān)于書(shū)信那一截，大概曉得是為撒子寫(xiě)信就行了寫(xiě)信就行了）TheColPurplespanstheyears1909to1949relatingthelifeofCelieaSouthernblac

11、kwomanvirtuallysoldintoalifeofservitudetoherbrutalhusbsharecropperAlbert.CelietheprotagonistnarratofTheColPurpleisapouneducatedfourteenyearoldblackgirllivinginruralGegia.CeliestartswritingletterstoGodbecauseherstepfather

12、Alphonsobeatsrapesher.CeliepoursoutherinnermostthoughtsinletterfmtohersistertiebutAlberthasbeenhidingtheletterstiewritesbackallowingCelietoassumethattieisdead.LettersAliceWalkerhighlightsthepowerofcommunicationthroughthe

13、actersletterwritingfm.ThelettersthatCeliewritestoGodlatertohersistertiesymbolizeacertainvoicethatonlyCeliehasonethatsheisonlyabletoexpressinherletters.Sheisabletoexpresshertruedesiresonlyinherletter.Theselettersallowhert

14、odisplayanyemotiontheyareverypersonaltoheraswell.InthebeginningwhenshewaswritinglettersonlytoGodtheletterswereveryprivateCeliewouldnothavewantedanyonetoseethem.Thelettersaretheonlywayshecanrepresenthertruefeelingsdespair