預(yù)測環(huán)境成本管理系統(tǒng)采用的作用能力、資源和所有權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)[外文翻譯]

1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）外文翻譯PredictingTheCostOfEnvironmentalManagementSystemAdoption:TheRoleOfCapabilitiesResourcesOwnershipStructureSince1996whentheInternationalganizationfStardization(ISO)designeditsenvironmentalmanagementsystem(EMS

2、)stardISO14001EMSshavegainedincreasingattention.EnterprisesthatadoptanEMSsystematicallyconsidertheirimpacttothenaturalenvironmentbydevelopinganenvironmentalpolicyevaluatingtheirinternalprocessesthataffecttheenvironmentcr

3、eatingobjectivestargetsmonitingprogressobtainingmanagementreview.IntheUnitedStatesalonemethan3553facilitieshadcertifiedtheirEMStoISO14001by2003(ISO2004)manymehadadoptednoncertifiedEMS.DespitetheincreasingpaceofEMSadoptio

4、nlittleisknownaboutadoptioncosts.UnderstingthevariationsinEMSadoptionexpendituresisimptantfseveralreasons.Firstmanymanagementscholarshaveinferredthatarelationshipexistsbetweenanganization’senvironmentalstrategyitsinterna

5、lcapabilitiesinthatbasiccompetenciesmustbeinplacebefeganizationscandevelopadvancedenvironmentalmanagementpracticesrequiringhigherderedlearningproficiencies(Hart1995Christmann2000).Secondinstitutionaltheysuggeststhatganiz

6、ationshavingthesameownershipstructuresareexpectedtodevelopsimilarcomplementaryresourcescapabilitiesthatfacilitateEMSadoption.Whilepriresearchhaspointedtotheimptanceofownershipstructures(Marenhas1989)moststudiesinthisarea

7、evaluateonetwoownershipstructures(Meyer1982)ignethegovernmententerprise.Otherresearchhassuggestedthatownershipdifferencesexistastheyrelatetoenterprisedomain(Marenhas1989)butlittleisknownabouttheeffectofstructurealsoencou

8、ragesfacilitiestopreventpollutionbysubstitutingunregulatedfregulatedinputsbyeliminatingsomeregulatedprocessesaltogether.Asaresultsomeenterprisesmaynolongerbesubjecttosomecostlyregulatymates.FurtherEMSassistenterprisestos

9、crutinizetheirinternaloperationsengageemployeesinenvironmentalissuescontinuallymonittheirprogressincreasetheirknowledgeabouttheiroperations.Alloftheseactionsalsocanhelpganizationsimprovetheirinternaloperationsachievegrea

10、terefficienciescreateopptunitiesfimprovingtheirstrategicvaluebecauseatabasicleveltheydependuponintensiveemployeeinvolvement(Lawler1986Hart1995Cole1991)teamproduction(Makower1993Willig1994).Meovereachoftheseactivitiesreli

11、esonknowledgebasedskillsthataredecentralizeddifficultfcompetitstoreplicatetherebycreatingopptunitiestogaincompetitiveadvantage(Hart1995).InotherinstancesEMShavethepotentialtoencourageganizationstoadoptmesophisticatedenvi

12、ronmentalstrategiesthatbuildontheirbasicpollutionpreventionprinciples.FexampleaspartoftheirEMSsomeenterprisesmayimplementlifecyclecostanalysisassesstheiractivitiesateachstepoftheirvaluechain—fromrawmaterialsaccesstodispo

13、sitionofusedproducts(Allenby1991Fiksel1993).Thesemeadvancedenvironmentalstrategiesleveragebasicpollutionpreventionprinciplesbutalsoextendthembyintegratingexternalstakeholdersintoproductdesigndevelopmentprocesses(Allenby1

14、991).Byusingtheseadvancestrategiesganizationscaneliminateenvironmentallyhazardousproductionprocessesredesignexistingproductsystemstoreducelifecycleimpactsdevelopnewproductswithlowerlifecyclecosts(Hart1995).Suchactionsrep

15、resentasignificantdeparturefrombasicpollutionpreventionprinciplesbecausetheyofferavehiclefganizationstoassessallaspectsoftheiroperationsjointlythusminimizingtheshiftofenvironmentalharmsfromonesubsystemtoanother(Shrivasta