2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：Theimpactofculturaleventsoncityimage:RotterdamculturalcapitalofEurope2001.Citiesareincreasinglyusingculturaleventstoimprovetheirimagestimulateurbandevelopmentattractvisitsinvestment.Aspartofitseventle

2、dregenerationstrategyRotterdamstagedtheCulturalCapitalofEuropeeventin2001.TheaimsweretoattractvisitstostimulateculturalconsumptionamongresidentswhilepositioningRotterdamasaculturaldestination.Over2000questionnairerespons

3、esbyresidentnonresidentvisitstotheCulturalCapitaleventwereusedtoevaluatetheimageeffectsoftheevent.Indepthinterviewswerealsoundertakenwithpolicymakersculturalmanagerstopermitevaluationofsurveyfindingsinthecontextofricherq

4、ualitativematerial.Theimageofthecityasaculturaldestinationdidimprovein2001butthephysicaltangibleelementsofthecitysimage(modernarchitecturewater)itsacterasthewkingcityoftheherlscontinuedtodominate.[ABSTRACTFROMAUTH]Cities

5、havelongusedmegaeventssuchasWldFairsExpossptingeventsasameansofrevitalisingtheireconomiescreatinginfrastructureimprovingtheirimage(Getz1991).Recentstudiesofcitymarketingtourismhavepointedtotheincreasinguseofeventsasamean

6、stomarketplacesmajcitiesinparticular(fexampleRobertson1998Waitt19992003Schuster2001).Thisphenomenoncanbelinkedtoageneralincreaseincompetitionbetweencitiesftheattentionofimptantstakeholdersincludingconsumersinvestspolicym

7、akers.Asaresultoftheincreasingintegrationoftheglobaleconomyagreaternumberofplacesaredrawnintothiscompetitiveenvironmentatthesametimethebuiltenvironmentinfrastructureamenitiesindifferentplacestendtobecomemesimilar.the‘fee

8、lgoodeffect’.Zukinarguesthatcultureisaeuphemismfthecity’snewrepresentationasacreativefceintheemergingserviceeconomy，cultureisthesumofacity’samenitiesthatenableittocompetefinvestmentjobsits‘comparativeadvantage’(Zukin1995

9、p.268).Zukin’sviewof‘culture’ascoveringalltheamenitiesofacityreflectsthefactthattheverynotionof‘culture’hasexpedtotakeinnotjust‘traditional’‘high’cultureattractionssuchasmuseumstheatresconcerthallsbutalsoincreasinglyincl

10、udeselementsof‘popular’culturesuchaspopmusicfashionspt.Bothhighculturepopularculturehavebecomeimptantsourcesftheimageswhichareusedtounderpinthe‘brimage’ofcities(KearnsPhilo1993).Increasingcompetitionbetweencitiesinacrowd

11、edfieldofimagesisoneofthemajfactsstimulatingcitiestoadoptsuchbringstrategieseven‘hardbring’thatseekstotransfmfixedculturalcapitalintocompetitiveadvantagethroughthestagingofculturaleventstheconstructionofculturallmarks.Ci

12、tybringusedtobeassociatedwiththeflightfromanindustrialpast(Holcomb1993BramwellRawding1996)butisnowlinkedtoenhancingtheurbanlscapewithgloballybredartsentertainmentdestinationsencapsulatedinthe‘fantasycity’(Hannigan1998).A

13、sHannigan(2003)suggestsasuccessfulbrshouldbeinstantlyrecognisableplayonthedesirefcomftcertaintyprovideapointofidentificationfconsumersinacrowdedmarketplace.Somemajculturaleventshavearguablybecome‘brs’intheirownrightsucha

14、stheEdinburghFestivaltheCannesFilmFestivaltheNottingHillCarnival.TheEuropeanCulturalCapital(ECC)eventhasalsoarguablybecomea‘br’whichisnowextendingtoothercontinentsaswell(Evans2003).Suchisthevalueofthisbrthatthehonourofst

15、agingtheeventisalmostasfiercelycontestedastheOlympicGames.Fexample14UKcitiescompetedinthestartinglineupfthehonourofhostingthe2008ECCevent.Theresearchpresentedhereillustratesdifferentaspectsofthecomplexprocessofstimulatin

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