[雙語翻譯]城市形象外文翻譯--年輕人對城市形象的描繪

1、3000 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1.6 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 5000 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Suthasupa S . The Portrayal of a City’s Image by Young People [J]. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 38 ( 2012 ) 284 – 292.The Portrayal of a City’s Image b

2、y Young PeopleSupagtra SuthasupaAbstractIt has been noted that young people are better at abstract thinking than adults; therefore, this paper investigates how young people portray the image of a city. Architecture stude

3、nts, aged 19 to 21, were selected to participate in the study, to assess their views on a part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, running from Silpakorn University to the Southern Bus Station. Each student was required to

4、 draw a map to help a traveler who wants to go to the Southern Bus Station. The results show that several representations styles are used by the students in order to explain their mental images to other people.Keywords:

5、Image of a city; mental image; abstract thinking; adolescence1. IntroductionThe term ‘youths’ in this study is used to describe those people who are young – in a period of their lives between childhood and maturity – tha

6、t is, they are adolescents. It has been identified that young people build most of their abstract thinking abilities during this development stage, developing a significant ability to think abstractly and to draw conclus

7、ions from information available. Youths, and people of all ages, may provide different representations of a subject, which results from the process of abstract thinking. Examples of this may include the use of numerical

8、notations, language and mental images. For this paper, in which I carry out a study of environmental design and planning, my interest is in the last aspect: mental images. A mental image is made up of a representation of

9、 the physical environment and its meaning and values, as perceived by an individual. It can be defined as an individual’s mental interpretation of the environment, as known to the individual; therefore, mental images wil

10、l differ due to age, gender, lifestyle and socio-cultural background. Images will vary from individual to individual but share features which result in a public mental image. Since it has been noted that young people are

11、 better at abstract thinking, it will be interesting to investigate the mental images they have with regards to the city they live in, and the environment around them. This paper examines images of a part of the Bangkok

12、Metropolitan Area, as perceived and produced by selected young people, and thus explores the abstractions they use to explain their mental image of the city to other people. It is hoped that the outcomes of this study wi

13、ll provide some notations, though not a conclusion, about young people and the city, as well as the representation styles they use.2. Literature ReviewThe concept of the image of a city was developed by Lynch (1960), in

14、order to analyze the physical features selected and remembered by urban residents. He investigated three cities in the USA: Los Angeles, Jersey City and Boston, and discussed people’s images of the cities in terms of fiv

15、e main elements: paths, edges, nodes, districts and landmarks. Paths refer to channels along which observers move; along these paths, other elements are arranged and related. Edges are the linear elements which act as bo

16、undaries between areas or as linear breaks in continuity. Districts are areas or sections of a city which carry some common characteristics. Nodes refer to transportation junctions and concentrations of activity, where p

17、eople can enter, examples being Abstraction is a conceptual process derived from concrete realities, while taking away actual, original entities. In brief, abstraction is the selection of a certain aspect of a concept fr

18、om the whole (The American Heritage Medical Dictionary, 2007). Abstract thinking involves forming a view based on out- of-the-box thought processes, those not limited to what is in front of one’s face. An abstract thinke

19、r can therefore give multiple meanings to objects and present a large variety of ideas to solve problems. Abstract thinking involves a mental process to reduce information of a literal concept or phenomena. Mental imager

20、y is included in such a process, and is an experience that resembles the experience of perceiving an object, event or scene, but one which occurs when the relevant object, event or scene is not actually present to the se

21、nses (Finke, 1989). Mental imagery gives mental images and a mental interpretation of the environment known to an individual, generally through picture-like representations that include, but are not limited to, symbols,

22、signs, languages, drawings, maps and diagrams.Symbols are objects, characters or other representations of ideas, concepts, objects or abstractions, that represent something else by association, resemblance or convention.

23、 Signs are indications that suggest the existence of a fact, condition or quality (The American Heritage Dictionary, 1983). Apart from that definition, a sign stands for something known, as a word stands for its referent

24、. In contrast, a symbol is viewed as something that is unknown and that cannot be made clear or precise (Jung, 1971). Languages are systems of signs, symbols and other representations used for communication (The American

25、 Heritage Dictionary, 1983), whereas drawings are portrayals of forms or figures, using lines drawn on a surface. Maps are drawings that give a particular type of information about a particular area (Cambridge Dictionari

26、es Online), diagrams are abstract graphic portrayals of the subject matter they represent (Lowe, 1993), while flowcharts, types of diagram, identify the stages of a process. These abstract features are capably taken on b

27、y youths during their cognitive stage (Ittelson et al, 1974).3. MethodologyThe participants in the study were requested to draw a map for a traveler who wants to go to the Southern Bus Station in Bangkok, from Silpakorn

28、University’s Bangkok Campus. The maps so obtained varied in their style and thus can be explored.3.1. ParticipantsTwenty-one students attending the Environment and Human Behavior course at the Faculty of Architecture, Si

29、lpakorn University, were selected to participate in the study. Their ages vary from 19 to 21 years old, as they consist of fourth-year and fifth-year students. All have at least four years familiarity with the study area

30、 since their first enrollment at the University. During their first and second years, the students had to commute from Bangkok Campus to Nakornpathom Campus, a route which passes the Southern Bus Station, thus bringing a

31、 certain familiarity of the study area to the students. It should be noted that the small number of participants means that a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn, only a tentative one, one that may provide notations to

32、 a wider study.3.2. Study AreaThe study area is on the western side of Bangkok Metropolitan Area (Fig. 1), and from Silpakorn University, Bangkok Campus (A), to the Southern Bus Station (B) is about ten kilometers. Along