外文翻譯--一種新型的基于web的在線考試系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教育

1、<p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　一種新型的基于Web的在線考試系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)教育</p><p>　　Yuan Zhenming1, Zhang Liang2, Zhan Guohua3</p><p><b>　　摘要:</b></p><p>　　基于Web的網(wǎng)

2、上考試系統(tǒng)是一種為大眾教育的評價(jià)有效的解決方案。我們已經(jīng)開發(fā)一種在線考試系統(tǒng),它是基于瀏覽器/服務(wù)器架構(gòu).該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)發(fā)布了考試和自動評級;是關(guān)于客觀的問題和操作問題，以供客觀的問題和經(jīng)營問題他作為一個(gè)程序，經(jīng)營的Microsoft Windows ，編輯的Microsoft Word ， Excel和PowerPoint等等。她已經(jīng)成功地應(yīng)用于距離評價(jià)的基本操作技能的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)，如過程的計(jì)算機(jī)技能，在大學(xué)和在全國范圍內(nèi)考試，為高中畢業(yè)生

3、在中國浙江省進(jìn)行實(shí)行。</p><p><b>　　指數(shù)條款:</b></p><p>　　考試系統(tǒng)和自動分級系統(tǒng)，它們都是基于Web的和DCOM的系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>　　1. 導(dǎo)言:</b></p><p>　　在中國，基本電腦操作技能的教育已廣泛展開.這項(xiàng)技術(shù)包括經(jīng)營的Windows

4、的MS Office ，網(wǎng)絡(luò)技巧等等，這是結(jié)合不同的課程，以及作為電子政府的基礎(chǔ)?，F(xiàn)在，每一個(gè)本科生必須通過的計(jì)算機(jī)技能的考試.然而,每一位公務(wù)員必須通過相應(yīng)的計(jì)算機(jī)操作考試過程。此外，在高中的過程中進(jìn)行了計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教育。自20世紀(jì)90年代末，在浙江省成千上萬的人們開始參加不同的層次計(jì)算機(jī)教育和測試.這是非常有必要的,對于建立一個(gè)基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的學(xué)習(xí)和考試系統(tǒng).它是為眾多的人民，作為一個(gè)有效的解決辦法去集體的學(xué)習(xí)和評價(jià)計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教育的。<

5、;/p><p>　　幾個(gè)基于Web的學(xué)習(xí)和測試系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被設(shè)計(jì)完，比如說WebCT [1] ， QUIZIT [2] ， ASSYST[3]和PILOT[4]。在線可以很容易使用最廣泛的問題類型的基于Web的考試制度是客觀的測試和測驗(yàn)，其中承擔(dān)簡單的答案可以正式檢查和評估。典型的問題是以有/無問題，多-choice/singleanswer問題有限的， multiple-choice/multiple-answer問題

6、，并填寫在的問題與一個(gè)字符串和數(shù)值答案。 [5]豐富類型的答案在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中需要中年級學(xué)生或教員在這些系統(tǒng)需要手動的分級過程。此外，這些系統(tǒng)不支持的測試操作技能，例如在用戶端電腦的windows打印機(jī)設(shè)置的運(yùn)作和Word編輯等等。</p><p>　　我們的考試制度，為基本的計(jì)算機(jī)操作技能有以下特點(diǎn)： （1）問題的類型，它不僅包括客觀的問題，而且還經(jīng)營如: Windows ，MS Word文字，使用MS Excel

7、 ，上網(wǎng)技巧等等的問題。（2）學(xué)習(xí)和測試系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)一個(gè)人的實(shí)用技能。因此,最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法是經(jīng)營和測試在實(shí)際環(huán)境的客戶機(jī)之上。（3）這是迫切需要建立一個(gè)自動分級系統(tǒng)，以可分級經(jīng)營的問題和客觀問題為目的。然而，往往是基于Web的學(xué)習(xí)和測試系統(tǒng)不能支持這樣的功能。</p><p>　　我們已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一種新型的在線考試系統(tǒng)的.它是基于利用國家的最先進(jìn)的電腦技術(shù)Browser/Server framework.它是實(shí)

8、行電腦基本操作技能考試，主要包括客觀的測試、Visual Basic編程，Microsoft Windows操作系統(tǒng)，Word ，Excel和PowerPoint的編輯，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電子郵件的技術(shù)等等.他們也實(shí)施了在線自動劃分等級。</p><p><b>　　系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　我們基于Web的考試系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)基于DCOM技術(shù)的分布式協(xié)同系統(tǒng)。它有四個(gè)主

9、要組成部分：考試準(zhǔn)備制度系統(tǒng)，考試制度系統(tǒng)，考試監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和自動分級制度系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　考試準(zhǔn)備系統(tǒng)是用來管理的儲存，轉(zhuǎn)讓試驗(yàn)編號及附表的考驗(yàn)等問題。該系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫的組成問題是一套可能的答案,比如問題的類型和其他中繼問題。這們是收錄的幾個(gè)因素，如主題，關(guān)鍵字，復(fù)雜性和困難性等等。而其數(shù)據(jù)庫對教師是開放的，并且允許他們新增的問題和答案以模板的形式。</p><p>　　考試制度是為

10、學(xué)生提供一個(gè)基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的測試界面接口的，它之所以被叫做所謂的WOES，是以為其中包括以下主要特點(diǎn)：客戶端控制，時(shí)間控制，安全控制和自動安裝控制。受益于DCOM技術(shù)，該系統(tǒng)可以安裝和更新本身的方便，它優(yōu)越于C / S的框架。由于該系統(tǒng)是建立在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的，該系統(tǒng)的安全性問題面臨著嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。我們保證安全的加密技術(shù)，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸加密。密碼是用來驗(yàn)證學(xué)生鑒定前的測試。</p><p>　　真正的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是要求學(xué)

11、生在電腦測試期間利用人的臉跟蹤技術(shù)保證學(xué)生不離開電腦。系統(tǒng)對傳遞的試題數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行傳輸加密，通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)并以加密的形式傳送到服務(wù)器?？荚嚤O(jiān)控系統(tǒng)也是經(jīng)理人考試制度，其中我們可以監(jiān)控測試加工，進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)編號統(tǒng)計(jì)，并收集答案等等。</p><p>　　自動分級制度是設(shè)計(jì)的模糊匹配算法和宏觀調(diào)控的編程技術(shù)，這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的具有可變的問題類型。</p><p>　　3. 基于Web在線考試系統(tǒng)</p&

12、gt;<p>　　3.1 考試制度目的</p><p>　　作為一個(gè)普遍性的考試制度，基本的電腦操作教育，它必須滿足下列要求：</p><p>　　1）存儲一個(gè)合理的問題，必須要符合一般的考試大綱；</p><p>　　2）有兩種類型的考試界面。一個(gè)是模擬一種實(shí)用的接口，另一種是實(shí)際環(huán)境。第二個(gè)計(jì)劃，因?yàn)閷?shí)際的性質(zhì)的計(jì)算機(jī)技能將給予學(xué)生更大的靈活性；&

13、lt;/p><p>　　3）一系列的問題類型，例如客觀的問題，經(jīng)營問題，設(shè)計(jì)問題，信息檢索，測試組等等；</p><p>　　4）一種安全和可靠的考試制度。</p><p>　　3.2 WOES的組成</p><p>　　基于Web的在線考試系統(tǒng)（WOES）是一個(gè)多層次的系統(tǒng)組成的Web服務(wù)器，數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器， WOES的中間件服務(wù)器，WOES客戶

14、端模塊和瀏覽器，如Internet Explorer 。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，我們使用Internet Information Server 4.0（IIS）的作為Web服務(wù)器，數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器是Microsoft SQL Server 7.0的。</p><p>　　核心的WOES是WOES中間件服務(wù)器和WOES的客戶端模塊，這是設(shè)計(jì)是據(jù)微軟的DCOM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 DCOM是二進(jìn)制COM對象的延伸拔節(jié)局域網(wǎng)，廣域網(wǎng)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，例如

15、物體在不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)它可以約束。它是一種先進(jìn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議用來配合基于COM的組成部分，這兩個(gè)進(jìn)程在不同的地點(diǎn)。該WOES中間件服務(wù)器是一個(gè)服務(wù)器端組件提供通信接口之間的WOES客戶端和Web服務(wù)器或數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器。該WOES客戶端是一個(gè)客戶端組件，就是所謂的由瀏覽器來控制用戶端電腦，并提交或接收的信息從服務(wù)器的WOES。這種技術(shù)保證的靈活性和潛力，延長測試系統(tǒng)。此外，它允許訪問本地文件，而在傳統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)，防止此類訪問，即安全。 </p>

16、;<p>　　從DCOM中受益 ，從WOES中間件服務(wù)器在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，WOES的客戶可以下載或自動更新。他們也可以從一個(gè)客戶端與其他WOES服務(wù)器溝通。該系統(tǒng)的行為像一個(gè)Agent社會，這是一個(gè)集中的代理人控制系統(tǒng)，不僅僅是WOES服務(wù)器。</p><p>　　3.3 WOES的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)</p><p><b>　　1）友好的用戶界面</b></p&

17、gt;<p>　　我們使用瀏覽器作為我們的用戶界面。該瀏覽器界面有一個(gè)統(tǒng)一和一致的用戶界面。幾乎每個(gè)人都能夠熟練地使用它。因此，它可以消除分歧，各種考試制度和保證一個(gè)公平的考驗(yàn)。</p><p><b>　　2）簡化系統(tǒng)維護(hù)</b></p><p>　　由于該系統(tǒng)是基于瀏覽器/服務(wù)器架構(gòu)，教師不僅在服務(wù)器上可以更新系統(tǒng)或數(shù)據(jù)庫的問題或研究學(xué)生的數(shù)據(jù)庫。這

18、是沒有必要必須做更新客戶端系統(tǒng)為客戶機(jī)/服務(wù)器的事。</p><p><b>　　3）中央考試管理</b></p><p>　　從中央控制系統(tǒng)，老師可以輕松控制考試過程中獲利，如期初和期末考試，收集的答案和監(jiān)測學(xué)生的條件在老師的屏幕上。</p><p><b>　　4）安全</b></p><p>

19、　　最嚴(yán)重的困難，其中基于B / S系統(tǒng)面臨的是安全，因?yàn)樵谠瓌t上基于Web的考試制度可以訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上或在一個(gè)城市的WAN。</p><p>　　所有問題，材料和傳送的答案都是在比特流格式后，編碼，而不是以文件格式。在傳輸過程中，它可以不僅確保安全，而且還防止從外入侵。</p><p>　　當(dāng)一個(gè)學(xué)生開始他的測試，根據(jù)他的客戶端的硬體和作業(yè)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境，該系統(tǒng)將產(chǎn)生一個(gè)密碼分配給他。它可以防止

20、其他客戶登錄模仿這名學(xué)生。</p><p>　　最新的方法是利用人臉檢測與識別技術(shù)以防止遙遠(yuǎn)的學(xué)生離開客戶端。開始考試前，在整個(gè)現(xiàn)場學(xué)生坐在電腦攝像頭前可以監(jiān)控。然后，系統(tǒng)會自動承認(rèn)學(xué)生的臉和鑒定。盡快審定執(zhí)行，學(xué)生必須留在攝影機(jī)前，直到考試結(jié)束。</p><p><b>　　4. 動分級制度</b></p><p>　　自動分級系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)

21、分?jǐn)?shù)自動分級，它有助于教師以達(dá)到評分與安心收集到資料的考試制度。</p><p>　　有兩種類型的等級：客觀的問題和經(jīng)營問題。客觀的問題，如選擇題，是/否的問題，并填寫問題，可以有效地分級準(zhǔn)確匹配或模糊匹配。但它是很難由簡單的匹配技術(shù)分級經(jīng)營問題。一個(gè)可能的解決辦法可以是：（1）它的關(guān)鍵文件是直接和比較的讀應(yīng)答文件。不過，這并不可行，因?yàn)镸icrosoft Office格式是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的檔案。另一種解決辦法是：（2

22、）分級使用Office的OLE對象。這種方法是方便和有效率的，但它有一個(gè)大缺點(diǎn)：源代碼的分級制度是密切相關(guān)的具體問題，當(dāng)問題改變時(shí)，從而導(dǎo)致了大量工作。</p><p>　　基礎(chǔ)上我們是進(jìn)行一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫的關(guān)鍵知識進(jìn)而提出一個(gè)普遍化的評級制度。</p><p>　　首先，我們提取所有可能的知識點(diǎn)，并將其存儲在三重形式：（關(guān)鍵，價(jià)值，位置）。然后，我們產(chǎn)生，文件標(biāo)記的問題，直接指向?qū)Φ膯栴};該系

23、統(tǒng)將添加相應(yīng)的問題，關(guān)鍵是要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的圖書館規(guī)則。因此，最后的過程中自動分級制度是比較應(yīng)答文件與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的圖書館規(guī)則。自動分級系統(tǒng)還允許教師為我們的考試制度添加他/她自己的問題。</p><p><b>　　5. 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　我們已研制出一種整體解決方案，為實(shí)用的計(jì)算機(jī)技能的各種問題的考試制度。它提供了一個(gè)友好的用戶平臺為計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)教育在大學(xué)，公務(wù)員培訓(xùn)

24、，并在全國范圍內(nèi)和在浙江省高中畢業(yè)生的考試，數(shù)以十萬計(jì)的學(xué)生和教師利用這一系統(tǒng)，并認(rèn)為它有效地提高了學(xué)習(xí)和測試的效率。</p><p><b>　　6. 參考</b></p><p>　　[1] WebCT，“網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的收費(fèi)”，http://www.webCT.com。</p><p>　　[2] Tinoco, L., Fox, E. and

25、 Barnette, D. “基于WWW上的網(wǎng)上課件”，In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposium(1997), pp. 194-198。</p><p>　　[3] Jackson, D., Usher, M. “使用ASSYS程序評價(jià)學(xué)生”, In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposiu

26、m (1997), pp.335-339。</p><p>　　[4] Stina, B., Michael T., Stephen G., Roberto T.,“試驗(yàn)：一個(gè)互動的工具，學(xué)習(xí)和分級”, SIGCSEB: SIGCSE Bulletin,2000。</p><p>　　[5] Peter Brusilovsky and Philip Miller，“基于Web的測試，遠(yuǎn)程教

27、育”， Proceedings of WebNet'99, World Conference of the WWW and Internet，Honolulu, HI, Oct. 24-30, 1999, AACE, pp. 149-154</p><p>　　[6]RuiMin Shen, Yiyang Tang, Tongzhen Zhang, “智能評估系統(tǒng)在基于Web的遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)教育”， FIE 2

28、001。</p><p><b>　　原文</b></p><p>　　A Novel Web-Based Online Examination System For Computer Science Education</p><p>　　Yuan Zhenming,Zhang Liang,Zhan Guohua</p><

29、;p><b>　　Abstract </b></p><p>　　Web-based Examination System is an effective solution for mass education evaluation. We have developed a novel online examination system based on a Browser/Serve

30、r framework which carries out the examination and auto-grading for objective questions and operating questions,such as programming,operating Microsoft Windows,editing Microsoft Word,Excel and PowerPoint,etc. It has been

31、successfully applied to the distance evaluation of basic operating skills of computer science,such as the course of com</p><p>　　Index Terms </p><p>　　Examination system,Auto-grading system,Web-

32、based,DCOM</p><p>　　1. Introduction</p><p>　　In China, the education for basic computer operating skills has been broadly launched. The skills include the operating of Windows, MS Office, Networ

33、king skills, etc., which are the foundation of a combination of different courses, as well as of electronic-government. Now, every undergraduate must pass the course of the Computer skills, while every civil servant must

34、 pass the corresponding Computer Operating Exams. Furthermore, the basic computer education in high schools is in process. Since th</p><p>　　Several Web-based learning and testing systems have been designed,

35、 such as WebCT[1], QUIZIT[2], ASSYST[3], and PILOT[4]. The most widely used question types of the Web-based examination system are objective tests and quizzes which assume simple answers that can be formally checked and

36、easily evaluated online. The typical questions are limited to yes/no questions, multiple -choice/singleanswer questions, multiple-choice/multiple-answer questions, and fill-in questions with a string and numeric an</p

37、><p>　　Our examination system for basic computer operating skills has the following characteristics: (1) The question types include not only objective questions, but also operating questions as Windows, MS Word

38、, MS Excel, Internet skills, etc. (2) The goal of the learning and testing system is to train the practical skills. As a result, operating and testing in the actual environment of the client machine is the best learning

39、method. (3) It is urgent to develop an automatic grading system which can gra</p><p>　　We have developed a novel online examination system based on a Browser/Server framework using state-of-art computer tech

40、nologies, which carries out the examinations for basic computer operating skills including objective tests, Visual Basic programming, Microsoft Windows operating , Word, Excel and PowerPoint editing, Internet and Email

41、skills, etc. It has also implemented automatic grading online.</p><p>　　2. System Architecture</p><p>　　Our web-based examination system is a distributed collaborative system which is based on D

42、COM technology. It has four major components : the examination preparation system, the examination system, the examination monitor system and the auto-grading system.</p><p>　　The preparation system is used

43、to manage question storage, assign test ID and schedule the test. The question database is composed of the questions, a set of possible answers, the question types and other metadata, which are indexed by several factors

44、, such as topics, keywords, complexity and difficulty, etc. The database is open to teachers, allowing them to add questions and answers by template.</p><p>　　The examination System is a web-based testing in

45、terface for students , called WOES , which include the following key features: client side control, time control, security control and auto-installation. Benefiting from DCOM technology, the system can install and update

46、 itself conveniently, better than the C/S framework. Because the system is established on the Web, the systematic security faces a severe challenge. We guarantee the security by cryptography, real-time monitoring system

47、and data tra</p><p>　　The real-time monitoring system requires students not to leave the computer during the test by face tracking technology. The data transmission encryption system transmits the examinatio

48、n question and result in secret form through the network to the server. The examination monitor system is also the manager of the examination system, by which we can monitor the test processing, carry out test ID statist

49、ic and collect the answers, etc.</p><p>　　The auto-grading system is designed by the fuzzy matching algorithm and the macro programming technology, which is seasoned with variable question types.</p>

50、<p>　　3. Web-Based Online Examination System</p><p>　　3.1 The aim of the examination system</p><p>　　As a universal examination system for the education of basic computer operation, it must

51、 meet the following requirements:[6]</p><p>　　1. A reasonable question storage, which must conform to the general outline of the exam.</p><p>　　2. A practical interface. There are two types of e

52、xam interfaces. One is the simulation, the other is the actual environment. The second scheme will give the student more flexibility because of the practical nature of computer skills.</p><p>　　3. A range of

53、 question types , such as objective questions, operating questions, design questions, information retrieval, group testing, etc.</p><p>　　4. A safety and reliable examination system.</p><p>　　3.

54、2 The components of WOES</p><p>　　The Web based Online Examination System (WOES) is a multi-layer system which is composed of the Web Server, Database Server, WOES middleware Server, WOES client module and B

55、rowser, such as Internet Explorer. In this system, we use the Internet Information Server 4.0(IIS) as the Web Server, the Database Server is Microsoft SQL Server 7.0.</p><p>　　The kernel of WOES is the WOES

56、 middleware Server and the WOES client module, which is designed according to Microsoft DCOM standards. DCOM is the binary COM object’s extension jointing LAN, WAN and Internet, which can instance and bind objects over d

57、ifferent network. It is an advanced network protocol used to cooperate with COM based components of two processes in different locations. The WOES middleware Server is a server-side component providing communication inte

58、rfaces between WOES clients an</p><p>　　Benefiting from DCOM, the WOES clients can be downloaded or updated automatically from WOES middleware Server on the Internet. They can also move from one client to th

59、e other and communicate with the WOES Server. The system acts like an Agent society, which is a centralized Agent system controlled by only the WOES Server.</p><p>　　3.3 The key technologies of WOES</p>

60、;<p>　　1. A user-friendly interface</p><p>　　We use browser as our user’s interface. The Browser interface has a uniform and consistent user interface. Almost everyone is able to use it skillfully. Th

61、erefore it can eliminate the differences of various exam systems and guarantee a fair test.</p><p>　　2. Simplified system maintenance</p><p>　　Since the system is based on Browser/Server archite

62、cture, the teacher can update the system or the question database or examine the student’s database only in Server. It is not necessary to update the client system as the Client/Server must do.</p><p>　　3. C

63、entral examination management</p><p>　　Profiting from the central controlled system, the teacher can easily control the examination process, such as the beginning and end of the exam, collecting the answers

64、and monitoring the students’ conditions on the teacher’s screen.</p><p>　　4. Security</p><p>　　The most severe difficulty which the B/S based system faces is security, because in principle the w

65、eb-based examination system can be accessed on the Internet or WAN in a city.</p><p>　　?All the questions, materials and answers are transmitted in bits stream format after encoding, not in file format. It c

66、an ensure not only security in the transmission process, but also protect from invasion.</p><p>　　When one student starts his test, the system will distribute him a password produced according to his client’

67、s hardware and operation system environment. It can prevent cribbers to login from other clients imitating this student.</p><p>　　?The newest method to prevent the distant student from leaving the client or

68、is making use of face detection and recognition technology. Before the start of the exam, the student is asked to sit in front of the computer camera which can monitor the whole scene. Then the system will automatically

69、recognize the student’s face and his identification. As soon as the validation is performed, the student must stay in front of the camera until the exam is finished.</p><p>　　4. Auto-Grading System</p>

70、<p>　　The auto-grading system can automatically grade theanswers, which are collected from the examination system . It helps teachers to achieve the score with ease.</p><p>　　There are two types of th

71、e grading: objective questions and operating questions. Objective questions, such as choice questions, yes/no questions, and fill-in questions, can be graded effectively by accurate matching or fuzzy matching. But it is

72、difficult to grade operating questions by simple matching technologies. A possible solution could be: (1) Reading the answer file directly and comparing it to the key file. But this is not practical because the format of

73、 Microsoft Office files is complica</p><p>　　We propose a universalized grading system which is carried out on the basis of a database of key knowledge.</p><p>　　First, we extract all possible k

74、nowledge points and store them in a triple form: (key, value, location). Then we produce the question file by labeling the question point directly on it; the system will add the corresponding question key to the standard

75、 key library. So, the last process of autograding system is to compare the answer file with the standard key library. The auto-grading system also allows the teacher to add his /her own questions to our examination syste

76、m.</p><p>　　5. Conclusion</p><p>　　We have developed an overall solution to the examination system for practical computer skills . It provides a userfriendly platform of various questions for th

77、e basic computer education in Universities, civil servant training and nationwide examination for high school graduates in Zhejiang Province, Hundreds of thousands of students and teachers have used this system and agree

78、 that it has effectively raised the learning and testing efficiency.</p><p>　　6. References</p><p>　　[1] WebCT,”Web Courses Tolls”,http://www.webCT.com.</p><p>　　[2] Tinoco, L., Fox

79、, E. and Barnette, D. “Online evaluation in WWW-based</p><p>　　courseware”, In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposium(1997), pp. 194-198.</p><p>　　[3] Jackson, D., Usher, M. “Grading

80、 student programs using ASSYS T”, In Proceedings of the 28th SIGCSE Technical Symposium (1997), pp.335-339.</p><p>　　[4] Stina, B., Michael T., Stephen G., Roberto T., “PILOT: An Interactive Tool for Learnin

81、g and Grading”, SIGCSEB: SIGCSE Bulletin,2000.</p><p>　　[5] Peter Brusilovsky and Philip Miller, “Web-based Testing for Distance Education”, Proceedings of WebNet'99, World Conference of the WWW and Inte

82、rnet, Honolulu, HI, Oct. 24-30, 1999, AACE, pp. 149-154</p><p>　　[6]RuiMin Shen, Yiyang Tang, Tongzhen Zhang, “The intelligent assessment system in Web-Based Distance Learning Education”, FIE 2001.</p>