外文翻譯---電子商務(wù)與物流的關(guān)系

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　Electronic commerce and physical distribution relations</p><p>　　First, under the electronic commerce environment physical distribution pattern </p&

2、gt;<p>　　1. The use of EMS services in the logistics model.</p><p>　　The enterprise either the business obtains information and so on consumer's shopping list and home address from the website or

3、the hypothesized website, then goes through the special delivery formalities to the nearby post office to mail out the cargo, the customer receives the post office to take the goods notice, brings back to the locus post

4、office the cargo, or delivers directly by the mailman the cargo in the customer hand. The use of EMS services with a convenient, fast characteristics. Bu</p><p>　　2. Corporate self-distribution logistics mod

5、el station.</p><p>　　The enterprise establishes own cargo allocation spot in the land's the customer crowded area, after obtaining the shopping information, delivers goods to the doorstep by an allocatio

6、n personnel. This kind of physical distribution pattern may satisfy the customer “namely to buy namely results in” the shopping psychology demand. But it also has following problem: An allocation layout, the population e

7、quipment, the commodity reserve and so on determined reasonably very difficultly. </p><p>　　3. draws support from the third party physical distribution enterprise's pattern. The third party physical dist

8、ribution is the enterprise completes part or the complete physical distribution activity request for other specialized physical distribution company. The physical distribution company itself does not have the commodity,

9、but forms the cooperation alliance with the enterprise, provides the service for the customer. Selects this physical distribution method, the service is the specializati</p><p>　　Second, under the electronic

10、 commerce environment physical distribution existence's question the </p><p>　　1. The theoretical study of the logistics system and in-depth enough .Our country physical distribution management's res

11、earcher just contacted these new theories, waits for in further digests and absorbs.</p><p>　　2. Lack of infrastructure, backward technology and equipment, the logistics industry is relatively backward.</

12、p><p>　　Our country Enterprise in the physical distribution aspect's Information technology, the integrated management and the computer applied technology level is generally low. Transport capacity can not

13、meet the needs of industry, the main transport corridors are still prominent contradiction between supply and demand.</p><p>　　3. Related the logistics of e-commerce environment laws and regulations remain t

14、o be improved.</p><p>　　4. The logistics industry and logistics management training should be strengthened .The physical distribution talented person and the Information technology are realize the physical d

15、istribution modernization basic condition, the physical distribution talented person lack seriously, are unable to provide the enough intellectual support for the new physical distribution system's establishment.<

16、/p><p>　　Third, physical distribution under electronic commerce environmental effect trend of development more than </p><p>　　1. Multi-faceted - the direction of development of the logistics indust

17、ry .In electronic commerce time, when the physical distribution develops the intensified stage, the integrated allocation center not only provides the warehousing and the transportation service, but must develop distribu

18、tes orders, the allocation and so on each kind to enhance the added value the circulation processing service items. The modern supply chain management, through from supplies the chain to enable the physical di</p>

19、<p>　　2. First-class services - the pursuit of logistics enterprises. Under the electronic commerce influence, the logistics is situated between the suppliers and buys between the supplier the third party, is take

20、serves as the objective. The physical distribution enterprise not only needs to serve for this area, must carry on the long distance service, not only because the customer the hope obtains the good service, moreover the

21、hope service point is not, but are many places. Therefore, how to provid</p><p>　　3. Information technology- the only way to modern logistics industry .In the electronic commerce time, must provide the best

22、service, the physical distribution system must have the good information processing and the transmission system. When the cargo transports from the world, the customer then may place information and so on obtain the arri

23、val time, receipt, so that the warehousing, the Transport company can prepare for, causes the commodity, in does not pause nearly in situation fast flowing</p><p>　　Fourth, e-commerce model of logistics</

24、p><p>　　Under electronic commerce the physical distribution and the allocation, are the Information technology, modernized, the socialized physical distribution and the allocation. Refers to the logistics and d

25、istribution network of enterprise computer technology and modern hardware devices, software systems and advanced management tools for social needs, strictly, keep the land in accordance with the user's order request,

26、 to conduct a series of classification, allocation, sorting , division of labor an</p><p>　　20th century 80's, the Western developed countries, such as the United States, France and Germany put forward a

27、 theory of modern logistics integration, application and guide the development of its logistics achieved significant results. Logistics is the logistics system integration as the core business from production through log

28、istics, marketing companies, until the whole supply chain, consumers and systematic. </p><p>　　Logistics integration is the development of logistics industry form, it must be fully developed third-party logi

29、stics and perfecting basis. Logistics integrated logistics management is a real problem, that is, specialization in logistics management and technical staff make full use of specialized logistics equipment, facilities, p

30、lay a specialized logistics management experience, in order to obtain the best overall results. At the same time, Trends in the logistics integration has provided the g</p><p>　　Fifth, the development of e-c

31、ommerce can not be separated from objects of modern logistics</p><p>　　This has become the people's consensus, that is why so many e-commerce company after years of exploration and the conclusions arrive

32、d at after. Today in e-commerce in full swing, many companies are still not solve the problem of logistics, freight service is still the bottleneck of the development of e-commerce. Claiming to solve the problem of a sma

33、ll number of logistics companies, but also made use of the national postal system, post office, city Express system, the delivery of books, audio-vi</p><p>　　Sixth, e-commerce and modern logistics difficult

34、to match</p><p>　　E-commerce enterprises to establish a match with the modern logistics enterprises is not an easy task, first of all, business investment as a result of a huge logistics, land, warehouse, lo

35、ading and unloading, sorting, distribution, and management need to invest a lot of money. China's logistics enterprises in most of the existing facilities behind the shortage of funds, a heavy burden, unable to trans

36、form quickly and e-commerce, security, reliable fall far short of the requirements. Secondly, t</p><p>　　Seventh, electronic commerce and the modern physical distribution difficult to match solution </p&g

37、t;<p>　　The construction of modern logistics facilities, it is necessary to the actual situation in our country. States should establish the authority of the logistics management agencies, logistics development of

38、 China's future direction, speed, policies, facilities, systems, etc.; co-ordination to resolve ports and terminals, railways, highways, waterways, aviation sites, the hub of the sector issues and policy division ; t

39、he implementation of the work of the standardization of logistics; the logistic</p><p>　　E-commerce and modern logistics as the two major means of circulation, between closely related. E-commerce and logisti

40、cs between the "actual situation accordingly," the relationship between the status of the logistics industry will greatly enhance the supply chain will be a short circuit, and third-party logistics e-business e

41、nvironment will become the main form of logistics, procurement will be more convenient, the price will be lower, as a business flow, information flow and pooling of logisti</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)與物流的關(guān)系</p><

42、;p>　　一、電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下物流模式</p><p>　　1、采用郵政特快專遞服務(wù)的物流模式。企業(yè)或商家從網(wǎng)站或虛擬網(wǎng)站上獲得消費者的購物單和家庭地址等信息，然后到附近的郵局辦理特快專遞手續(xù)將貨物寄出，客戶收到郵局的取貨通知，到所在地郵局將貨物取回，或由郵遞員直接將貨物送到顧客手中。</p><p>　　采用郵政特快專遞服務(wù)方式具有方便、快捷的特點。但是收費偏高，且很難保證消費者在期

43、望的時間內(nèi)收到貨物。</p><p>　　2、企業(yè)自建配送站的物流模式。企業(yè)在全國各地的客戶密集地區(qū)設(shè)置自己的貨物配送點，在獲得購物信息后，由配送點的人員送貨上門。這種物流模式可以滿足客戶的“即購即得”購物心理需求。但它也存在如下的問題：配送點的布局、人數(shù)的配備、商品的庫存量等很難合理地確定。</p><p>　　3、借助第三方物流企業(yè)的模式。第三方物流就是企業(yè)將一部分或全部物流活動委托給

44、其他的專業(yè)物流公司來完成。物流公司本身不擁有商品，而是與企業(yè)結(jié)成合作聯(lián)盟，為客戶提供服務(wù)。采用這種物流方式，服務(wù)是專業(yè)化、多功能和全方位的。但是如果送貨量太小，送貨費用一般比其他形式服務(wù)費用還要高。</p><p>　　二、電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下物流存在的問題</p><p>　　1、對物流理論的研究還不夠系統(tǒng)和深入。當(dāng)今物流管理理論的研究和實際應(yīng)用都已取得了長足的進步，出現(xiàn)了許多新的理論。我國物

45、流管理的研究者剛剛接觸這些新理論，有待于進一步消化和吸收。</p><p>　　2、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施能力不足，技術(shù)裝備落后，物流業(yè)相對落后。我國企業(yè)在物流方面的信息化、集成化管理與計算機應(yīng)用技術(shù)水平普遍較低。交通運輸能力仍不能滿足行業(yè)的需求，主要運輸通道供需矛盾依然突出。</p><p>　　3、有關(guān)電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下物流的法律法規(guī)有待完善。</p><p>　　4、物流行業(yè)人

46、才培訓(xùn)和物流管理亟待加強。物流人才和信息化是實現(xiàn)物流現(xiàn)代化的根本條件，物流人才嚴重缺乏，無法為新的物流體系的建立提供足夠的智力支持。</p><p>　　三、物流在電子商務(wù)環(huán)境影響下的發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　1、多面化——物流業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。在電子商務(wù)時代，當(dāng)物流發(fā)展到集約化階段時，一體化的配送中心不僅提供倉儲和運輸服務(wù)，還必須開展配貨、配送等各種提高附加值的流通加工服務(wù)項目?，F(xiàn)代供應(yīng)

47、鏈管理，通過從供應(yīng)鏈到消費者的綜合運作使物流達到最優(yōu)化。企業(yè)越來越追求全面的系統(tǒng)的綜合效果，從這種戰(zhàn)略角度出發(fā)，物流多面化是物流業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。</p><p>　　2、一流的服務(wù)——物流企業(yè)的追求。在電子商務(wù)影響下，物流業(yè)是介于供貨方和購貨方之間的第三方，是以服務(wù)為宗旨的。物流企業(yè)不僅要為本地區(qū)服務(wù)，更要進行長距離服務(wù)，因為客戶不但希望得到好的服務(wù)，而且希望服務(wù)點不是一處，而是多處。因此，如何提供高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)便成

48、了物流企業(yè)管理和發(fā)展的核心課題。也只有擁有一流服務(wù)的物流企業(yè)，才能真正推動電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　3、信息化——現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的必由之路。在電子商務(wù)時代，要提供最佳的服務(wù)，物流系統(tǒng)必須有良好的信息處理和傳輸系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)貨物從世界各地起運時，客戶便可以獲得到達時間、到貨地點等信息，以便倉儲、運輸公司做好準備，使商品在幾乎不停留的情況下快速流動，從而大大提高服務(wù)水平，降低成本，提高競爭力，也更好地體現(xiàn)出電子商務(wù)

49、依托網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺帶來的方便快捷。</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)和物流作為現(xiàn)代流通的兩大手段，有著密切的聯(lián)系。電子商務(wù)作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的一種全新的交易模式，相對于傳統(tǒng)交易方式是一場革命。但是，電子商務(wù)必須有現(xiàn)代化的物流技術(shù)的支持，才能體現(xiàn)出其無可比擬的先進性和優(yōu)越性。只有大力發(fā)展現(xiàn)代化物流，電子商務(wù)才能更好發(fā)展。隨著21世紀信息化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的發(fā)展，必將促進電子商務(wù)與物流的有機結(jié)合，現(xiàn)代化物流電子化將成為大眾生活中不可或缺的重

50、要部分。</p><p>　　四、電子商務(wù)下物流模式的探討</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)下物流和配送，是信息化、現(xiàn)代化、社會化的物流和配送。是指物流和配送企業(yè)采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的計算機技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代化的硬件設(shè)備、軟件系統(tǒng)及先進的管理手段，針對社會需求，嚴格地、守信用地按用戶的訂貨要求，進行一系列分類、編配、整理、分工、配貨等理貨工作，定時、定點、定量地交給沒有范圍限度的各類用戶，滿足其對商品的需求?？?/p>

51、以看出，這種新型的物流和配送是以一種全新的面貌，成為流通流域革新的先鋒，代表了現(xiàn)代市場營銷的主方向。新型的物流和配送可以使商品流通較傳統(tǒng)的物流和配送方式更容易實現(xiàn)信息化、自動化、現(xiàn)代化、社會化、智能化、合理化、簡單化，既減少生產(chǎn)企業(yè)庫存，加速資金周轉(zhuǎn)，提高物流效率，降低物流成本，又刺激了社會需求，有利于整個社會的宏觀調(diào)空，也提高了整個社會的經(jīng)濟效益，促進市場經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展。傳統(tǒng)物流和配送中心的類型可以分為以下幾種：以制造商為主體的配送中

52、心、以批發(fā)商為主體的配送中心、以零售業(yè)為主體的配送中心、以倉儲運輸業(yè)者為主體的配送中心。傳統(tǒng)的配送模式可以分為以下幾種：集貨型配送模式、散貨型配送模式和混合型配送模式。最后這種模式綜合了前面兩種配送模式的優(yōu)點，可以對商品的流通的全過程進行有效控制。</p><p>　　20世紀80年代，西方發(fā)達國家，如美國、法國和德國等就提出了物流一體化的現(xiàn)代理論，應(yīng)用和指導(dǎo)其物流發(fā)展取得了明顯的效果。所謂物流一體化就是以物流系

53、統(tǒng)為核心的由生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、經(jīng)由物流企業(yè)、銷售企業(yè)、直至消費者供應(yīng)鏈的整體化和系統(tǒng)化。</p><p>　　物流一體化是物流產(chǎn)業(yè)化的發(fā)展形式，它必須以第三方物流充分發(fā)育和完善為基礎(chǔ)。它的實質(zhì)是一個物流管理的問題，即專業(yè)化物流管理人員和技術(shù)人員，充分利用專業(yè)化物流設(shè)備、設(shè)施，發(fā)揮專業(yè)化物流運作的管理經(jīng)驗，以求取得整體最優(yōu)的效果。同時，物流一體化的趨勢為第三方物流的發(fā)展提供了良好的發(fā)展環(huán)境和巨大的市場需求。</p&g

54、t;<p>　　五、電子商物的發(fā)展離不開現(xiàn)代物流</p><p>　　這是當(dāng)今人們的共識，也是許多電子商務(wù)公司在經(jīng)過多年 的探索之后得出來的結(jié)論。在電子商務(wù)如火如荼的今天，諸多公司仍未解決物流問題，貨物送達依然是電子商發(fā)展 的瓶頸。少數(shù)自稱解決物流問題的公司，也只不過利用了郵局的全國郵遞系統(tǒng)、城市的快遞 公司系統(tǒng)，交付圖書、音像制品之類的小件物品。更多的電子商務(wù)公司則采取了要求廠家、 商家送貨的方式

55、完成顧客購物全過程。</p><p>　　六、電子商務(wù)與現(xiàn)代物流難匹配 </p><p>　　企業(yè)建立與電子商務(wù)相匹配的現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)并非易事，首先、是由于物流企業(yè)投資巨大，土地、庫房、裝卸、分揀、配送、管理等需投入大量資金。我國現(xiàn)有的物流企業(yè)大都設(shè)施落后、資金短缺、負擔(dān)沉重、無力改造，與電子商務(wù)的迅速、安全 、可靠的要求相距甚遠。其次、是物流企業(yè)行業(yè)割據(jù)嚴重，沒有統(tǒng)一的物流管理部門統(tǒng)一物流

56、政策和行為。運輸部門分屬不同的部委管理，倉儲行業(yè)分屬不同的部委和地方。造成流轉(zhuǎn)單證不規(guī)范、不統(tǒng)一、不通用，貨物紊流，道路收費站多、收費量大，貨物不能暢流 。因此，為了使我國的電子商務(wù)成為新的經(jīng)濟增長點和國民經(jīng)濟重要支柱，國家和企業(yè)必須高度關(guān)注現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)發(fā)展和建設(shè)。在一定意義上說，物流設(shè)施的好壞和物流通暢度，是一個國家綜合國力和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的標志。</p><p>　　七、電子商務(wù)與現(xiàn)代物流難匹配的解決方法</

57、p><p>　　建設(shè)現(xiàn)代物流設(shè)施，必須從我國的實際情況出發(fā)。國家應(yīng)設(shè)立權(quán)威的物流管理機構(gòu)，對 我國未來物流發(fā)展方向、速度、政策、設(shè)施等進行系統(tǒng)的研究；統(tǒng)籌解決港口、碼頭、鐵路 、公路、水運、航空站點、樞紐的部門分割和政策性問題；落實物流工作標準化問題；把物流產(chǎn)業(yè)列為國民經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，給予貸款、稅收、引進等優(yōu)惠支持。大中城市應(yīng)規(guī)劃綜合物 流中心的建設(shè)，減少倉儲運輸企業(yè)的散亂現(xiàn)象。同時，由于我國的物流企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)差，不能照

58、搬發(fā)達國家現(xiàn)代物流企業(yè)的設(shè)備和模式。要重視現(xiàn)有倉儲面積和現(xiàn)有運輸工具的 組織與整合，調(diào)動現(xiàn)有物流企業(yè)的積極性因素，多渠道籌資改造現(xiàn)有物流設(shè)施。</p><p>　　電子商務(wù)和物流作為現(xiàn)代流通的兩大手段，相互之間有著密切的聯(lián)系。電子商務(wù)與物流的之間存在著“虛實相應(yīng)”的關(guān)系，物流業(yè)地位將大大提高，供應(yīng)鏈將短路化，第三方物流將成為電子商務(wù)環(huán)境下物流企業(yè)的主要形式，采購將更方便，價格將更低，成為商流、信息流與物流的匯集中