一種無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)-外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文3025字</b></p><p><b>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）</b></p><p><b>　　譯文及原稿</b></p><p>　譯文題目：一種無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　原稿題目：The Design of a

2、Wireless Data Acquisition and</p><p>　Transmission System</p><p>　原稿出處：CAI Jun，YU Shun-Zheng，LIU Jing-li．The Design of a </p><p>　Wireless Data Acquisition and Transmission System[J

3、]．</p><p>　JOURNAL OF NETWORKS．2009，4（10）：1042-1049．</p><p>　　一種無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　【摘要】 在現(xiàn)代無(wú)線(xiàn)通信領(lǐng)域主要有一些技術(shù)為無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供解決方法，例如：GSM，CDMA，3G，Wi-Fi。這些方法使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠高效率和高質(zhì)量的工作，但是成本很高。因此要低成本和在

4、沒(méi)有基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施或者基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施被破壞的情況下推廣它們是很困難的。根據(jù)這種情況，本論文中數(shù)據(jù)采集和無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)里的信息終端和無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)模塊的關(guān)鍵部件，是依據(jù)nRF905收發(fā)模塊和51系列單片機(jī)的原理設(shè)計(jì)而成作為核心硬件，此外，結(jié)合目前自組無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的技術(shù)，可以構(gòu)建一個(gè)短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠提供一個(gè)工作在ISM（工業(yè)科學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)）頻段的低功率及高性能的數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)。然后提出了一個(gè)對(duì)無(wú)線(xiàn)通信可行的解決方案，這個(gè)方案優(yōu)勢(shì)在于更強(qiáng)的實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)

5、，更高的可靠性要求和更小的數(shù)據(jù)量。通過(guò)軟件和硬件的調(diào)試和實(shí)際測(cè)量，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)在我們的解決方案基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)行良好，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的目標(biāo)并且已經(jīng)成功的應(yīng)用到無(wú)線(xiàn)車(chē)輛系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　【關(guān)鍵詞】 自組網(wǎng)絡(luò)；數(shù)據(jù)采集；傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)</p><p><b>　　1 簡(jiǎn)介</b></p><p>　　在現(xiàn)代無(wú)線(xiàn)通信里，GSM，CDMA，3G和Wi-Fi因?yàn)槠?/p>

6、高速和可靠的質(zhì)量而逐漸成為無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主流解決方案。它們也有高成本的缺點(diǎn)，因此如果廣泛的應(yīng)用，將會(huì)引起大量的資源浪費(fèi)，也不能在小區(qū)域，低速率的數(shù)據(jù)通信中得到提升。多點(diǎn)短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)將成為最佳解決方案。此系統(tǒng)支持點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)和多點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)通信系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)通信可以適應(yīng)各種不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，例如藍(lán)牙，IEEE802.11，家庭無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)和紅外。與遠(yuǎn)距離無(wú)線(xiàn)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)相比，它

7、們的不同之處在于基本結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用水平，服務(wù)范圍和業(yè)務(wù)（數(shù)據(jù)，語(yǔ)音）。設(shè)計(jì)短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最初目的是為了提供短距離寬帶無(wú)線(xiàn)接入到移動(dòng)環(huán)境或者制定臨時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是在移動(dòng)環(huán)境里互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更深的發(fā)展。短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)最主要的優(yōu)勢(shì)是更低的成本和更靈活的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　本文介紹信息終端（單個(gè)器件）的硬件和軟件以及多點(diǎn)短距離無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的無(wú)線(xiàn)接收模塊的設(shè)計(jì)建議，提供一個(gè)低功率高性能的工作于ISM（工業(yè)科學(xué)醫(yī)

8、學(xué)）頻段的無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)。文章剩余部分由如下內(nèi)容組成：在第二部分，我們描述了無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸系統(tǒng)的通用模塊圖表，第三部分，我們分析此系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，第四部分，介紹系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì)，第五部分，展示系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試結(jié)果，最后我們?cè)诘诹糠株U述結(jié)論和進(jìn)一步的工作。</p><p><b>　　2 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)模型</b></p><p><b>　　1．系統(tǒng)模型&

9、lt;/b></p><p>　　作為一個(gè)點(diǎn)對(duì)多點(diǎn)的多功能無(wú)線(xiàn)通信系統(tǒng)，它包含了一個(gè)中央監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)和多個(gè)遠(yuǎn)程終端單元（圖1）。實(shí)際上，遠(yuǎn)程終端單元是一些在移動(dòng)過(guò)程中可互相通信的移動(dòng)電臺(tái)。另外，中央監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)與遠(yuǎn)程終端單元進(jìn)行雙向通信。</p><p>　　在下一部分，設(shè)計(jì)信息終端和控制中心的軟件和硬件上的一些關(guān)鍵部件。</p><p><b>　　2．相

10、關(guān)模型</b></p><p>　　本論文中的系統(tǒng)是根據(jù)OSI（國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組織）中的OSI/RM模型里的第一層（物理層）和第二層（數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層）而設(shè)計(jì)的，如圖2所示。物理層的功能是通過(guò)建立電路和專(zhuān)用芯片組完成的。然而通信協(xié)議里的數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層是由軟件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。</p><p><b>　　3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　為了設(shè)

11、計(jì)，管理和更新的方便，一些硬件單元和節(jié)點(diǎn)根據(jù)它們的功能和電學(xué)特性被劃分成不同的模型。本設(shè)計(jì)以射頻收發(fā)芯片nRF905為核心,以模塊搭建設(shè)計(jì)為指導(dǎo)思想,搭建無(wú)線(xiàn)溫度采集系統(tǒng),系統(tǒng)主要由數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊和無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸模塊組成。數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊以數(shù)字式溫度傳感器DSl8B20監(jiān)測(cè)溫度參數(shù),并將監(jiān)測(cè)的溫度參數(shù)簡(jiǎn)單處理后通過(guò)nRF905無(wú)線(xiàn)模塊發(fā)送到接收端口。無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸模塊通過(guò)nRF905芯片進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)處理,nRF905芯片的集成度較高,所需的外圍器件較

12、少,因此整體的電路設(shè)計(jì)相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)。本設(shè)計(jì)給出其與MSP430F449的接口電路設(shè)計(jì)和接收端通過(guò)電平轉(zhuǎn)換芯片MAX3232與PC機(jī)連接。并根據(jù)硬件特性及連接設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的軟件流程,并編寫(xiě)軟件。通過(guò)相適應(yīng)的無(wú)線(xiàn)傳輸模塊和數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊控制軟件的操控,保證整個(gè)硬件系統(tǒng)的流暢運(yùn)作。系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu)中包含無(wú)線(xiàn)射頻收發(fā)模塊，控制處理模塊，通用串行接口模塊，數(shù)據(jù)緩沖存儲(chǔ)模塊以及多功能電源管理模塊等。</p><p>　　1．收發(fā)器和

13、接收模塊</p><p>　　在數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送過(guò)程中，數(shù)據(jù)包將被調(diào)制到高頻然后發(fā)送到目標(biāo)無(wú)線(xiàn)射頻傳輸模塊，接收過(guò)程中，高頻信號(hào)通過(guò)無(wú)線(xiàn)射頻接收模塊又被解調(diào)成原始數(shù)據(jù)包。</p><p>　　NRF905是無(wú)線(xiàn)射頻收發(fā)模塊的關(guān)鍵，它的頻率是16兆赫茲的晶體振蕩器。NRF905可以通過(guò)印刷式天線(xiàn)接收無(wú)線(xiàn)射頻信號(hào)，但是為了提高接收機(jī)的靈敏度和抗干擾能力，這種模塊也適用外部天線(xiàn)和濾波器電路。</p

14、><p><b>　　2．控制處理模塊</b></p><p>　　控制處理模塊包含MCU和外部電路，有兩個(gè)功能：一是使所有模塊在其控制下協(xié)調(diào)工作，二是處理和傳輸從接口來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)，例如路由處理，數(shù)據(jù)打包，驗(yàn)證和重傳請(qǐng)求。</p><p>　　模塊的關(guān)鍵部件MCU是51系列單片機(jī)，考慮到工業(yè)功能，WINBOND 78LE546因其在8位CMOS微處理器

15、里較好的容量特性被而被應(yīng)用，與2.4-2.5伏的寬電壓供電，256比特嵌入式RAM，16KB Flash EPROM以及64KB地址空間，四個(gè)8位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O接口，一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O雙串行口相兼容。</p><p>　　SCM的晶體振蕩器頻率是22.1184兆赫茲，電功率為3.3伏適合無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)芯片里nRF905的邏輯水平。它的引腳通過(guò)與VCC相連受到保護(hù)并保持器穩(wěn)定性。MCU與所有模塊的具體連接如表1所示。</p

16、><p><b>　　4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　系統(tǒng)性能的真實(shí)取決于其有效性和合理的軟件控制。軟件設(shè)計(jì)是在硬件環(huán)境的基礎(chǔ)上開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，為了到達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)，這個(gè)協(xié)議要有諸如數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，沖突避免，錯(cuò)誤后重傳以及超時(shí)重試的功能。整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)由一個(gè)主機(jī)和許多分散的終端組成，每個(gè)終端必須有一個(gè)無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)（此系統(tǒng)支持Nrf905單片無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)器），整個(gè)無(wú)線(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的

17、任何節(jié)點(diǎn)都有一個(gè)唯一認(rèn)證地址對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)唯一認(rèn)證終端。為了方便起見(jiàn)，每個(gè)確定系統(tǒng)的終端無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)器節(jié)點(diǎn)地址都是我們自己設(shè)定的4字節(jié)。</p><p>　　為了提高系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，協(xié)議被設(shè)置成停止-等待模式。在數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層，發(fā)送過(guò)程大概如下：首先，數(shù)據(jù)源發(fā)送一個(gè)連接請(qǐng)求道數(shù)據(jù)目標(biāo)，得到數(shù)據(jù)源的響應(yīng)后傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。接著，每一次傳輸都要等待接收方的回應(yīng)。如果響應(yīng)正確，另一次的傳輸才會(huì)開(kāi)始。當(dāng)所有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸完后，數(shù)據(jù)源將發(fā)送一個(gè)釋放信道

18、請(qǐng)求，當(dāng)收到接收方的響應(yīng)后傳輸結(jié)束。接收過(guò)程如下：在接收方給數(shù)據(jù)源響應(yīng)后將收到數(shù)據(jù)，然后會(huì)發(fā)送一個(gè)有效或無(wú)效的響應(yīng)，直到收到拆除鏈路請(qǐng)求。接下來(lái)，保存數(shù)據(jù)且發(fā)送一個(gè)響應(yīng)來(lái)結(jié)束整個(gè)過(guò)程。</p><p><b>　　5 系統(tǒng)測(cè)試</b></p><p>　　任何兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通信大都可以通過(guò)點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)來(lái)測(cè)試，因此在系統(tǒng)測(cè)試過(guò)程中，A節(jié)點(diǎn)和B節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通信模型對(duì)測(cè)試圖解來(lái)說(shuō)是

19、一個(gè)很好的樣本，就像圖10。</p><p>　　閉環(huán)測(cè)試電路是通過(guò)PC帶雙串口以及兩個(gè)RS32口和通信節(jié)點(diǎn)A和B建立起來(lái)的。在一個(gè)終端，數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)通過(guò)串口測(cè)試輔助工具“串口助手V2.2” 發(fā)送，在另一端，監(jiān)控著返回的數(shù)據(jù)。數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)PC的串口A，RS32口發(fā)送，然后數(shù)據(jù)緩沖，最后成功到達(dá)終端無(wú)線(xiàn)收發(fā)器模塊。然而，數(shù)據(jù)接收過(guò)程是SPI串口，數(shù)據(jù)緩沖，然后RS32口，最后才是PC。在本論文中，根據(jù)以收發(fā)器nRF905和5

20、1系列單片機(jī)作為核心硬件的原理設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)低功耗高性能的無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)。提出無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信一個(gè)可行的解決方案，這個(gè)解決方案適合于強(qiáng)大的實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)，高可靠性要求和小數(shù)據(jù)量，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于各種領(lǐng)域，例如數(shù)據(jù)通信，環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和安全保衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)。我們相信在軟件設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)一步精煉和提高以后集成和智能通信協(xié)議將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　測(cè)試過(guò)程中，用數(shù)字示波器監(jiān)測(cè)通信節(jié)點(diǎn)A、B，RS32口和SPI口的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。在接下來(lái)的部分，通過(guò)分析來(lái)

21、自MOSI/SCK和MISO/SCK的信息來(lái)驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)的正確性。</p><p><b>　　6 總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　在本論文中，根據(jù)以收發(fā)器nRF905和51系列單片機(jī)作為核心硬件的原理設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)低功耗高性能的無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)。提出無(wú)線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)通信一個(gè)可行的解決方案，這個(gè)解決方案適合于強(qiáng)大的實(shí)時(shí)響應(yīng)，高可靠性要求和小數(shù)據(jù)量，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于各種領(lǐng)域，例如數(shù)據(jù)通信

22、，環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和安全保衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)。我們相信在軟件設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)一步精煉和提高以后集成和智能通信協(xié)議將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　The Design of a Wireless Data Acquisition </p><p>　　and Transmission System</p><p>　　Abstract—In the field of modern wireless

23、 communication, there are mainly some technologies that provide solutions to the wireless data transmission network, such as: GSM, CDMA, 3G, Wi-Fi.These solutions make network work with high efficiency and good quality,

24、but still with high cost. So it was difficulty in popularizing in with low cost and at the circumstance of infrastureless or infrastructure destruction. According to this situation, in this paper, the key components of t

25、he Information Termi</p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION </p><p>　　In modern wireless communication,GSM,CDMA, 3G, and Wi-Fi become the mainstream solution of wireless data transmission network because of t

26、heir high speed and reliable quality. They also have the shortcomings of high cost, so wider application would cause a great waste of resources, and they cannot be promoted in small regional, low speed data communication

27、s.Multi-point short-range wireless data collection and transmission network will be the best solution.The system supports the development of c</p><p>　　II. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION MODEL </p><p>　　

28、A. System Model </p><p>　　As a point to multi-points multi-mission wireless communication system, it consists of one central monitoring system (CMS) and Multiple Remote Terminal Units (RTU) (figure 1). In fa

29、ct, this remote terminal unit is some kind of removable stations which can communicate with other stations in the process of motion. Furthermore, the CMS communicate with RTU in bidirectional way. In the next part, some

30、pivotal segment on software and hardware of the information terminal and control center was designe</p><p>　　B. Reference Model </p><p>　　The system in this paper is designed based on the first

31、layer (the physical layer) and the second layer (the data link layer) of the architecture of OSI/RM (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) that the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) proposed, s

32、uch as figure 2. The function of the physical layer is finished through constructing the circuit and special chips. Otherwise, communication protocols in the data link layer are realized by software.</p><p>

33、　?、?THE HARDWARE DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM </p><p>　　For the sake of the convenience of design, maintenance and update, some hardware circuit cell and node was divided into some different module according to func

34、tional and electric characteristic. There are RF Transceiver module [5], controlling and dealing module, Universal Serial interface module, data buffer and storage module and multifunctional power management module in th

35、e basic structure (Figure 2). In the process of sending, the data package should been Modulated with High frequency and s</p><p>　　B. Controlling and Treating modue</p><p>　　The controlling and

36、treating module consists of MCU and external circuit, it have two functions: one made all module’s working under control and harmony; the other function is treating and transmitting the data got from interface, such as r

37、outer processing, data packaging, verification and repeating request. Module’s key MCU is 51 series microprocessor, and considering the industrial function, the WINBOND was applied in this practical experiment because of

38、 it’s good capability in 8-bit CMOS micr</p><p>　　C. Multifunctional Electric Power Management Module</p><p>　　The most remarkable characteristic is compatibility with 8-24V wide voltage electri

39、c supply including CMOS power and TTL power, respectively in 5V and 3.3V, which provided all modules with the suitable and stable power. Meanwhile,it means so much in energy source saving because of its electronic switch

40、. The power supply transfer chip C851414 and AS-1117-3.3 is the primary ingredient in this module.The C851414 made the electric voltage transfer from 8V to 24V, then, the AS-1117-3.3 made it from 5</p><p>　　

41、D. Universal Serial Interface Module </p><p>　　The main function of Universal Serial interface module is connecting universal terminal equipment, such as signal output equipment or analog collection equipmen

42、t with AD transfer. At the same time, it provides entrance to the computer terminal data exchange through universal RS232 serial interface. </p><p>　　E. Data Buffer and Storage Module </p><p>　　

43、It has two kinds of function, one is data buffer, the other is data storage, respectively performed by 32KByte RAM and 16KByte EEPROM. Data buffer district supervise buffering some temporary data, such as transmit data,

44、waiting data. Data storage district supervise some fixed data memory, such as router data, local host, local address and some renewed data for power-off protective. F. High Frequency Shielding Protecting Moudule In order

45、 to prevent electromagnetic interference from environment, c</p><p>　　Ⅳ.SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN </p><p>　　The realization of system performance depends on its effective and reasonable software co

46、ntrol. The design of this software is on the basis of the hardware environment to development a wireless network protocol that have functions as data transmission, avoiding conflict, the retransmission when error occurs,

47、 and overtime retry, in order to achieve the design goal. The entire network is composed of a host and many scattered terminals, each terminal must have a wireless transceiver node (this syst</p><p>　?、?SYST

48、EM TESTING </p><p>　　Because communication between any two nodes may be tested through point to point, in this system Testing Process, communication model between node A and node B is a good example for test

49、ing schematic diagram, just like figure 10. Closed-loop testing circuit is put up through PC with double serial ports and two RS232 ports and communication node A and B. On one terminal, data was sent through serial port

50、 testing auxiliary tool “serial port assistant V2.2”, on the other terminal, returning data is</p><p>　　Ⅵ.CONCLUSION </p><p>　　In this paper, a low-powered and high-performance wireless data com

51、munication system were designed with the principle of transceiver nRF905 and 51 series of single-chip computer as the core hardware. An available solution to the wireless data communications was put forward, and this sol

52、ution was good at stronger real-time response, higher reliability requirement and smaller data amount, which is widely applied various fields such as data communications, environmental monitoring and security Guar</p&