外文翻譯---特許經(jīng)營(yíng)和獨(dú)立的小型企業(yè)成活率的比較

1、畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯題 目： 農(nóng)村零售終端連鎖經(jīng)營(yíng)模式研究 一、外文原文標(biāo)題：A Comparison of Franchise and Independent Small Business Survival Rates原文：ABSTRACT. Aspiring entrepreneurs choosing to become franchisees certainly expe

2、ct to improve their chances of survival during the turbulent early years of business startup and operation. Alignment with a franchisor parent company offers the franchisee managerial assistance, access to financial capi

3、tal, and access to markets via the right to utilize the parent company trademark. This study examines survival patterns among franchise and non franchise small firms started between 1984 and 1987: survival through late 1

4、991 is tracked for all firms. Although the franchise operations are larger scale, better capitalized young firms, the independent business startups are found to be more profitable and their survival prospects are better

5、than those of franchises.A. IntroductionPersons entering self-employment by becoming franchisees commonly believe that their chances of surviving those early turbulent years of small business operations are enhanced by t

6、heir decision to align with a franchisor parent company. The franchise is a safe bet, according to the conventional wisdom. It is time to reconsider this wisdom. A nationwide survey of self-employed persons active in sma

7、ll business in 1987 serves as the data base analyzed in this study. A sample of 20,554 young firms drawn from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Characteristics of Business Owners data base is utilized, and all of these firms

8、 were surveyed in late 1991 to determine firm survival rates. By late 1991, 34.7 percent of the franchisees and 28.0 percent of the non franchise young firms active in 1987 had discontinued operations. Further independen

9、t business vs. franchisee comparisons reveal that the young firms startedWithout the benefit of a parent franchisor were significantly more profitable than the franchise firms. In short, the franchise route to self-emplo

10、yment is associated with higher business failure rates and lower profits than independent business ownership. independent firms. Such promotional business failure rate figures cite the “U.S. Department of Commerce“ as th

11、eir source. In fact, the U.S. Department of Commerce has, until recently, conducted annuals surveys of franchisors and published the results in biennial reports, franchising in the economy. According to the staff of the

12、U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Small Business, however, a comprehensive review of the franchising in the economy reports “fails to show any figures providing comparable failure or success rates for franchises

13、 or franchisees. On the contrary, the reports note specifically that 'the number of failures is unknown'(franchising in the economy, 1988),“ .My own review of applicable U.S. Department of Commerce publications r

14、eveals no studies or statistics capable of supporting comparative survival rates for new franchise versus independent business startups. Claims that franchise startups have vastly higher survival rates than independent b

15、usiness startups cannot be supported by published U.S. Department of Commerce studies of small business. Thus, claims about franchise rates of survival have often tended to extremes. The purpose of this study is to raise

16、 the debate to a higher plain. The presence Of the CBO data base makes it possible for issues of franchisee survival to be analyzed in objective, comprehensive ways. The CBO oversamples minority and women business owners

17、, and it oversamples the larger scale small businesses that utilize paid employees. Of the roughly 90,000 small businesses surveyed to create the CBO data base, over 70 percent responded. All of the reported statistics i

18、n this study are weighted to adjust for both survey nonresponsive, and the Census Bureau's nonrandom sampling in the creation of the CBO: the firms described in this study are therefore representative of young firms

19、that grossed at least $5000 in total revenues in 1987 .This study covers only firms formed over the 1984--1987 period and the unit of analysis is firms, not persons. Thus, the universe of firms covered in this study is 4

20、,005,561 small businesses. A description of the CBO sample of young firms analyzed in the following pages appears in the appendix of this study. The sample of franchise firms analyzed here’s not identical with the univer