礦物加工外文翻譯--鉛鋅礦尾礦工藝研究綜述（原文）

1、Research Review on Bioleaching of Pb-Zn Mine Tailings Hui GUO1, Guangfei QU1*, Ping NING1 1Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China *Prof. Guangfei QU

2、, qgfljy@126.comAbstract—In this paper, the recovery potential of valuable metals in lead and zinc mine tailings is evaluated. The research advance of bioleaching technology, mainly the strain breeding methods of leac

3、hing microorganisms, four kinds of bioleaching process and the application development of bioleaching technology, are generally described. It can be conclude that there is great exploitation potential for lead-zinc m

4、ine tailings and using bioleaching technology for recycling valuable metals in lead and zinc tailings is feasible. Keywords-Pb-Zn mine tailings; bioleaching; strain breeding methods; bioleaching process; research adva

5、nce I. INTRODUCTION The development of lead and zinc industry brings enormous economic benefits, but also leads to serious environmental problems. The development of lead and zinc resource produces a large amount of

6、 lead and zinc mine tailings, the abandoned lead and zinc tailing piles may concentrate toxic metals on the weathering products. It is difficult to remove the concentrated heavy metals from the tailings, making the m

7、anagement of heavy metal pollution is very difficult. Lead and zinc mine tailings contain high concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, copper,cadmium, therefore, the soil is not conducive to plant growth,

8、resulting in abandoned land[1].The large number of mine tailings has restricted the sustainable development of the minings and has become an important factor which endanger the surrounding environment of mining. Many

9、tailings of the mines contain a large number of useful elements such as lead, silver, zinc, iron, gold. And the total amount is relatively large, if the useful elements are recovered, better environmental and economi

10、c benefits can be achieved. Especially for those minings with exhausted resources, the development and utilization of tailings is an important channel to go out of the predicament. As the main source of zinc, natural

11、sulfide mineral resources are depleting and it is recognized that recovering zinc from lead and zinc tailings is a new option[2]. In recent years, microbial leaching technology gets more and more attention from domest

12、ic and international mineral processing industry. This technology has wide range of applications, the process is relatively simple and easy to manage, the discharge of waste complys with environmental requirements. I

13、t can deal with low-grade ores and tailings which can only be abandoned in traditional mineral processing. Therefore, using microorganisms to treat the lead and zinc tailings can not only solve the environmental proble

14、ms of tailings, also realize the development and utilization of secondary resources. II. THE RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF METALS IN PB-ZN MINE TAILINGS At present, there are about 1.1 billion tons of mine tailings in our c

15、ountry, but the utilization rate is only 6%. Most of the tailings contain a variety of non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, rare metals, rare earth minerals and non-metallic minerals and other components, so the reuse

16、potential of resources is huge. Due to the limited development of productive forces and mining, mineral processing technology, many useful resources are not used sufficiently and some low-grade ore tailings are put i

17、nto tailings. Some mines treat the pyrite concentrate as tailings after selecting the main metals. For example, the Houpoao lead-zinc mining in Guangdong treat the sulphur mine as tailings, the sulphur mine contains 0

18、.145% of tin, 0.71% of lead, 1.4% of zinc, silver> 200g / t. According to the survey on lead and zinc mine resources in eastern China, many tailings of the mines contain a large number of useful elements. For exam

19、ple, the Pb-Zn mine tailings of Xilin mining in Heilongjiang contain 0.27% of lead, the reserves is 9720 tons; contains 0.41% of zinc, the reserves is 14,760 tons; contains 17.98% of iron, the reserves is 647,280 ton

20、s; contains 18g / t of silver; the reserves is 64.8 tons. The tailings of Bajiazi lead-zinc mining contains 0.312% of lead, the reserves is 13253.76 tons; contains 0.91% of zinc, the reserves is 515.19 tons; contains

21、43.1 g / t silver, the reserves is 183 tons. The tailings of Baoshan Lead-silver mining in Hunan contains 0.49% of lead; 0.47% of zinc; 0.32g/t of gold; 23.31g/t of silver[3]. The tailings of Yunnan Lancang Lead Indu

22、stry Company Limited has a relatively high content of lead, zinc, silver and sulfur, the contents are 94 000 t, 67 000 t,180t, 21.0 million t, separately. In the current increasingly tense resource situation, effectiv

23、e recovery of this part of resources is worth concern[4]. In view of our limited lead and zinc resources while the demand of lead and zinc has rapidly increased, our existing lead-zinc resources can not guarantee sust

24、ainable development and utilization. If the useful metals in tailings can be recovered, it will not only extend the time limit of the exploitation of mineral resources, but also can promote the mining industry of our

25、 country and increase the level of protecting mineral resources. 94___________________________________ 978-1-61284-478-7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE world's first tailing treatment plant—the Chingola plant is using

26、this method to process tailings. IV. APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLEACHING TECHNOLOGY One important application of the bioleaching technology in industry is the use of microorganisms for copper heap leaching, the me

27、chanism is Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans's oxidation on copper sulfide; another important application is the bio- oxidation pretreatment of refractory gold ores[11]. A. Domestic Application Development of Bioleachi

28、ng Technology In our country, bioleaching technology research started in the 1970s, while the application was in the early 1990s. The technology is mainly used in the leaching process of copper, uranium, gold, silver

29、 and other metals, and the microbial leaching of copper is most widely used[12]. Dexing copper mine began working on the bio-technology of using acid mine water which contained bacteria to recover copper from the low

30、grade copper ore by heap leaching in 1979. After the 1990s, units such as Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Gold Research Institute and Wuhan Institute of Technology have carri

31、ed out the research on microorganisms. In December 2000, Yantai Gold Smelting Company firstly used biological pre-oxidation technology to process gold concentrate, the gold recovery rate raised to 96%. In July 2003, t

32、he bio-oxidation gold extraction plant of Liaoning Tianli Gold Industry Company Limited was completed and put into production. B. Overseas Application Development of Bioleaching Technology In 1958, Kennecott Utah Copp

33、er firstly used Acidithio- bacillus ferrooxidans to leach copper sulphide ore and succeed[13], in 1966, Canada succeed in the bacterial leaching of uranium ore, microorganisms could have leached almost all the element

34、s in the sulfide ores presently. In 1980s, bioleaching technology has become a hot research field and made great progress. In 1980, the first commercial-scaled low grade copper microbial heap leaching plant built in C

35、hile's Mineral Pudahuel mining company. The Quebrada Blance heap leaching plant in northern Chile is a good example of industrial applications of copper bioleaching. Chile's LoAgu irre mining uses microorgani

36、sms to leach copper ore, the processing capacity is 16000t/d[14]. Canadian E lliot Lake mining uses bacterial solution containing Fe2(SO4)3 to leach the low-grade uranium ore to extract uranium and achieves good econ

37、omic benefits. South Africa began to use inflatable mechanical agitation bioreactor processing refractory gold ore or gold concentrate from 1986, the process was also used for recovery of cobalt from the tailings. Ame

38、rican Newmont mining corporation use bio-oxidation pre-removal impurity heap leaching process before cyanidation gold extraction [15]. V. CONCLUSION Lead-zinc mine tailings are mostly produced due to the limited deve

39、lopment of productive forces and mining, mineral processing technology, many useful resources are not used sufficiently. Lead-zinc mine tailings contain many useful metals and have a large amount, so that there is grea

40、t exploitation potential for lead-zinc mine tailings. Bioleaching technology is an effective method to utilize mineral resources comprehensively. This method can deal with low-grade ores and tailings which can only

41、be abandoned in traditional mineral processing, the use of bioleaching technology to recycle the useful metals in lead-zinc mine tailings is feasible. At present, the study on microbial leaching of lead-zinc mine tai

42、lings is not common, in the view of lead and zinc tailings's greate utilization potential and microbial leaching technology has many significant advantages, it is necessary to research on bioleaching of lead and z

43、inc mine tailings. It must be noted that the dissolution of heavy metals in tailins such as lead will affect microorganisms' growth, reproduction and even survival. Therefore, mixing the ore or removing some compo

44、nents will increase the leaching rate. Domesticating the heavy metal tolerance of bacterias, or cultivating exclusive bacteria for leaching of lead and zinc mine tailings both help improving the leaching rate. ACKNOWL

45、EDGMENT This work was financially supported by the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education (10zxgk04). REFERENCES [1] B. Yang, W. S. Shu, Z. H. Ye, C. Y.

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