（節(jié)選）會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--盈余管理與董事會(huì)角色--——以馬來(lái)西亞公司為例（英文）

1、Jurnal Pengurusan 24(2005) 77-103Earnings Management and Board Characteristics: Evidence from MalaysiaNorman Mohd. Saleh Takiah Mohd. Iskandar Mohd. Mohid RahmatABSTRACTThe Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance was i

2、ntroduced to improve the monitoring function of the board of directors, audit committee and the external audit. This study assesses the effectiveness of some board characteristics to monitor management behavior with r

3、espect to their incentives to manage earnings. We found discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management is negatively related to management ownership, but positively related to the existence of CEO-Chairman

4、duality, after controlling for size, leverage and performance. The result shows multiple directorships factor is negatively related to earnings management proxy only in firms with negative unmanaged earnings. This imp

5、lies multiple directorships factor is effective to detect earnings management practices to avoid losses. Examination of the data also shows that the ratio of independent board members is not significantly related to e

6、arnings management in firms with duality status. ABSTRAKKod Tadbir Urus Korporat diperkenalkan di Malaysia untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan fungsi pemantauan lembaga pengarah, jawatankuasa audit dan audit luaran. Kajian

7、 ini menilai keberkesanan ciri tertentu lembaga pengarah dalam memantau kelakuan pihak pengurusan berhubung dengan insentif untuk mengurus perolehan. Kajian ini mendapati akruan boleh pilih (yang menjadi proksi kepada

8、 pengurusan perolehan) mempunyai hubungan yang negatif dengan pemilikan pengurusan, dan mempunyai hubungan yang positif dengan kewujudan CEO-Pengerusi berdwi-peranan, setelah mengawal faktor-faktor saiz, leveraj dan p

9、restasi. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa faktor pengarah berbilang mempunyai hubungan yang negatif dengan proksi pengurusan perolehan tetapi hanya bagi syarikat yang mencatatkan perolehan tidak diurus yang negati

10、f. Keadaan ini menggambarkan faktor pengarah berbilang adalah efektif bagi mengesan amalan pengurusan perolehan yang bertujuan untuk mengelak kerugian. Pemeriksaan ke atas data juga menunjukan nisbah ahli lembaga peng

11、arah bebas tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan pengurusan perolehan dalam firma yang mempunyai CEO-Pengerusi berdwi peranan. INTRODUCTIONEarnings Management and Board Characteristics 79expected associations between some c

12、orporate governance characteristics and earnings management. Next, the research method and data collecting process are described, followed by a discussion of the empirical results and sensitivity analyses. The paper e

13、nds with a conclusion.FINANCIAL REPORTING ENVIRONMENT IN MALAYSIAThe approved accounting standards issued by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) are basically developed based on the International Accounting

14、 Standards (IAS). In the early stage of the professional development, Malaysia modeled closely the UK financial reporting system with the emphasis given on the Companies Act 1965 in regulating the reporting practices

15、(Takiah et al. 2003; Tan 2000). The Companies Act 1965 of Malaysia deals with fundamental rules governing procedures for incorporation, constitutional structure and dissolution of companies. The Act through the Ninth S

16、chedule, which was revised in 1985, prescribes the minimum disclosure requirements. The directors have to present to shareholders an audited profit and loss statements, an audited balance sheet, a director’s report, a

17、 statement of changes in financial position and notes to the accounts. However, the Act does not make any reference to accounting standards issued by professional accounting bodies.During this early stage, the Malaysi

18、an Institute of Accountants (MIA) and the Malaysian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (MICPA), then known as the Malaysian Association of Certified Public Accountants (MACPA), adopted the International Account

19、ing Standards (IASs). In addition, customized Malaysian Accounting Standards (MASs) were issued to deal with domestic accounting specific issues. By 1997, a total of 24 IASs and 8 MASs were issued. However, there was

20、no regulatory mechanism to enforce the compliance to these standards as mandatory (Tan 2000). A review mechanism was set up by both MIA and MICPA through their own Financial Statement Review Committee that conduct tho

21、rough reviews of financial statements prepared and audited by their members. Departures from approved standards may result in a formal enquiry being conducted and action may be taken if found guilty (Tan 2000). In ord

22、er to establish a regulatory mechanism, the Financial Reporting Act, 1997 was passed, under which the MASB was formed. The Financial Reporting Act (1997) sets out regulations about the financial reporting. It gives st

23、atutory power to the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) to issue reporting standards and made compliance to the standards mandatory. The MASB was given the authority to issue, review, revise or adopt accountin

24、g standards. With the establishment of MASB, all IASs previously adopted are reviewed and revised or replaced by standards known as MASB accounting standards. Both the Financial Reporting Act 1997 and the Companies Ac