建筑環(huán)境論文外文翻譯---通過建筑圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)來提高能源效率（英文）

1、Improving energy efficiency through the design of the building envelopeHatice Sozer*Istanbul Teknik Universitesi Ayazaga Kampusu Rektorluk Binasi, 34469 Maslak-Istanbul/Turkeya r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received

2、 19 October 2009Received in revised form3 May 2010Accepted 6 May 2010Keywords:Building envelope designHotel energy performanceEnergy modelinga b s t r a c tBuildings, their surroundings and related enterprises produce mo

3、re CO2, generate more pollution,consume more energy, and waste more natural resources than any other human enterprise or industry.Moreover, considerable parts of these environmental impacts are the results of the lodging

4、 industry [1].Hotels are designed as multifunctional buildings to provide different comfort levels and services toguests. It is often desirous to pay for exclusive amenities. Resorts are often developed in untouched andv

5、ery sensitive ecosystems with little or no consideration taken for the natural or cultural surroundings.Most strategies applied in design and many of the services offered by lodging establishments require theconsumption

6、of substantial quantities of energy, water and non-durable products.The efficiency of the resource use starting from the building design to the end-users in hotel facilities istypically low, and the resulting environment

7、al impacts are greater than those caused by other types ofcommercial buildings of similar size [2]. Decisions taken during the architectural building design play ASimportant A role in reducing these environmental impacts

8、 as DOES THE management of the building.With a goal of enhancing the overall energy performance of hotel buildings, this paper representsa research-design project, located in _ Izmir-Turkey, based on the effect of passiv

9、e solar design techniquesfor designing the building envelopes to develop and demonstrate high performance.? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1. IntroductionUtility expenses represent the fastest-growing operating c

10、ost for hoteliers and have been increasing by an average of 12% per year from 2004 to 2006. There is a significant increase in energy use, cost, and an increase of greenhouse gas emissions through the hotel industry [3].

11、 There is research on how, where, and when energy is used and the savings which are likely to occur from the standpoint of the management of the hotel facilities. However, a significant part of the hotel energy consumpti

12、on can be reduced during the architectural design since this has a direct impact on choosing and sizing the mechanical system of the building which in turn affects the energy consumption of the building during its life t

13、ime. Therefore identifying the energy consuming building components is critical from the perspective of the building designers, building owners and utilities to examine the possibilities of reducing building energy consu

14、mption, not only through efficient building systems and management, but also with building architectural characteristics. The purpose of this study is to show how to reduce the energy demand by passive design. Properly d

15、esigned buildings cansignificantly reduce energy consumption. Furthermore lower energy use reduces greenhouse gas emission (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide) and reduces operational costs [4]. Research that has bee

16、n done on hotel energy efficiency gives a clear understanding about hotel energy consumption patterns. The average annual energy intensity for hotels is 87 kBtuh/ft2(274.8 kWh/m2). 61% of this is from electricity and 39%

17、 is from natural gas and other fuels. This translates to 53.1 kBtuh/ft2(167.74 kWh/m2) of electricity and 0.34 therms/sf (106.55 kWh/m2) of natural gas as shown on Table 1, Figs. 1 and 2 [3]. When it is compared with oth

18、er commercial buildings such as office and retail, the annual energy intensity of hotel’s is higher. The average annual energy intensity for office buildings is 79.8 kBtuh/ ft2 (251,57 kWh/m2) and 81.5 kBtuh/ft2 (256,93

19、kWh/m2) for retail properties [3]. Therefore evaluating the hotel buildings through energy efficient perspective has become more critical. Nevertheless none of the research gives any information about importance of the e

20、nvelope of the hotel buildings in terms of the building energy consumption. Examples of these researches from literature are given below to prove that none of the research conducted so far has considered importance of th

21、e building envelope. In the USA, the yearly average Energy Intensity for lodging buildings in 2007 ranged from 15 kBtuh/ft2 (48 kwh/m2) to 300 kBtuh/ft2 (947 kwh/m2). Typically, nearly 75 percent of a hotel’s or motel’s

22、total energy use can be attributed to space* Tel.: þ90 567 984 51 88.E-mail address: hsozer@hotmail.com.Contents lists available at ScienceDirectBuilding and Environmentjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/buil

23、denv0360-1323/$ e see front matter ? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.05.004Building and Environment 45 (2010) 2581e25933. The building modelFor the evaluation, a hypothetical model was

24、created. A typical 21 story light weight structured hotel building (based on an existing hotel which was constructed in 1992 in Izmir) has been created to evaluate its energy efficiency, as shown on Figs. 6e8. During the

25、 90’s there weren’t any regulation on energy perfor- mance of buildings in Turkey. The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (MPWS) is responsible body for the regulatory frame- work of the building sector. Regulation

26、on Energy Performance ofBuildings became effective on December 2008 [17]. However, there is still a need for a methodology to evaluate the energy perfor- mance of the building and also there are some gaps especially for

27、big scale buildings.4. Energy analysisEnergy efficiency runs were made with e-QUEST, a forms and graphics input modeling interface to the DOE2.2 energy analysis program [18] developed by U.S. Department of Energy. e-QUES

28、T isFig. 3. January and July temperature profiles for Palermo-Italy (equivalent Izmir-Turkey).Fig. 4. January and July temperature profiles (High, Average, Low) for Izmir-Turkey.Fig. 5. Weather (Test Reference Year TRY)