版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
1、Full Terms Akintoye they found that the accuracy of estimates is influenced by project size. On the other hand, certain other studies had not only accounted for project characteristics but also other aspects, such as p
2、roject team-related factors, estimating procedures, and (costing related) information items. Carr (1989) con- ducted a study to define the basic requirements for developing reliable estimates. He concluded that the accur
3、acy of the estimate depends on the estimator’s ability to see the project from a macro perspective, his experience and judgement skills. Ashwarth (1994) concluded that availability of information on the design, type and
4、quality of cost data, type of project, project size, number of bidders on competitive projects, stability of market conditions, personal factors, profi- ciency in estimating, and sheer quantitative experience influence t
5、he accuracy of estimating the costs of construction work. Oberlender and Trost (2001) developed an estimate scoring system and consequently software to measure the accuracy of estimates. They found that the accuracy of a
6、n early estimate has four determinants: ‘(1) who was involved in preparing the estimate; (2) how the estimate was prepared; (3) what was known about the project; and (4) other fac- tors considered while preparing the est
7、imate’. Trost and Oberlender (2003) conducted factor analysis and multivariate regression analysis to determine a suitable model for predicting the accuracy of estimates. They identified five factors that were significan
8、t in predicting accuracy. These factors included: basic process design, team experience and cost information, time allowed to prepare the estimate, site requirements, and bidding and labour climate. Enshassi et al. (2010
9、) identified factors such as supply of raw materials and equipment, and fluctuations in the cost of building materi- als as influencing cost overruns. The study presented in this paper considered all four dimensions of t
10、he factors influencing the accuracy of cost estimates: i.e. factors related to project characteristics, the project team, estimating procedures, and information on the project.Research objectives and scopeThe prime objec
11、tive of this research was to identify the factors that influence the accuracy of construction project cost esti- mates in Pakistan. For this purpose it was deemed necessary to approach the study from two major perspectiv
12、es: (1) the factors that are perceived to be influencing the accuracy and (2) the factors that did in reality influence the accuracy of cost estimates when analysed using the actual cost bias in the project data.Research
13、 methodology and data collectionA thorough literature review was performed to identify the key elements that may provide a good means of judging the accuracy of cost estimates. The literature review was done through book
14、s, conference proceedings, the internet, and lead- ing construction management and engineering journals. Following the identification of the key elements of the survey, some unstructured expert interviews (2?3) were cond
15、ucted to verify the key elements as well as identify any further ele- ments relevant to the practices and issues for estimating costs in the local construction industry. A structured questionnaire consisting of two parts
16、 was designed ? parts A and B. Part A requested the respondent’s personal information (e.g. work experience, experience as cost estimator, etc.) and company information (e.g. type of orga- nization, types of construction
17、 work performed, years in business, annual volume of work, number of permanent employ- ees, cities of operation, etc.). Part B requested information on project costs (e.g. project name, type, client, estimated project co
18、st, total project cost, estimated profit margin, etc.). Furthermore, a list of 60 factors categorized under four dimensions was provided to the respondents. The respondents were asked to rate the influence of each factor
19、 on the accuracy of the cost estimate of the project for which cost information was provided on a Likert scale of 1 (least influential) to 5 (most influential). These dimensions included Project Team (PT) having 16 facto
20、rs, Project Characteristics (PC) having 19 factors, Estimating Procedures (EP) having 14 factors and (costing related) Information Items (Info) having 11 factors. The dimensions and factors are listed in Table 1. In the
21、next stage, 2?3 pilot surveys were conducted through face-to-face interviews. However, the purpose of this exercise was not to collect data, but rather to refine the questionnaire. Thus, for this reason, industry profess
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 眾賞文庫僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素(原文).PDF
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素(節(jié)選)
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素中英全
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素(節(jié)選).DOCX
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素(原文).PDF
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯—影響巴基斯坦建設工程造價估算準確性感知因素和實際因素(節(jié)選).DOCX
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性
- 工程造價外文翻譯---國際建設工程風險分析
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性(英文)
- [雙語翻譯]工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性中英全
- 工程造價外文翻譯-工程項目管理中的造價管理
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性.DOCX
- 影響工程造價的因素分析
- 建筑工程造價影響因素分析及降低工程造價措施
- 建筑工程造價影響因素分析及降低工程造價措施
- 建筑工程造價影響因素分析及降低工程造價措施
- 2015年工程造價外文翻譯--工程造價分析和它對經(jīng)濟的重要性(英文).PDF
- 工程造價管理前沿(外文翻譯)
評論
0/150
提交評論