無(wú)線紅外傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、紅外傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 紅外傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中英文資料外文翻譯 中英文資料外文翻譯外文資料 外文資料Moving Object Counting with an Infrared Sensor Network By KI, Chi Keung AbstractWireless Sensor Network (WSN) has become a hot research topic recently. Great benefit can be gain

2、ed through the deployment of the WSN over a wide range of applications, covering the domains of commercial, military as well as residential. In this project, we design a counting system which tracks people who pass throu

3、gh a detecting zone as well as the corresponding moving directions. Such a system can be deployed in traffic control, resource management, and human flow control. Our design is based on our self-made cost-effective Infr

4、ared Sensing Module board which co-operates with a WSN. The design of our system includes Infrared Sensing Module design, sensor clustering, node communication, system architecture and deployment. We conduct a series of

5、 experiments to evaluate the system performance which demonstrates the efficiency of our Moving Object Counting system. Keywords:Infrared radiation，Wireless Sensor Node1.1 Introduction to Infrared Infrared radiation i

6、s a part of the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength lying between visible light and radio waves. Infrared have be widely used nowadays including data communications, night vision, object tracking and so on. Peop

7、le commonly use infrared in data communication, since it is easily generated and only suffers little from electromagnetic interference. Take the TV remote control as an example, which can be found in everyone's hom

8、e. The infrared remote control systems use infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to send out an IR (infrared) signal when the button is pushed. A different pattern of pulses indicates the corresponding button being pus

9、hed. To allow the control of multiple appliances such as a TV, VCR, and cable box, without interference, systems generally have a preamble and an address to synchronize the receiver and identify the source and location

10、of the infrared signal. To encode the data, systems generally vary the width of the pulses (pulse- width modulation) or the width of the spaces between the pulses (pulse space modulation). Another popular system, bi-pha

11、se encoding, uses signal transitions to designed for wireless sensor networks. Unlike most other operating systems, TinyOS is based on an event-driven programming model instead of multithreading. TinyOS programs are com

12、posed into event handlers and tasks with run to completion- semantics. When an external event occurs, such as an incoming data packet or a sensor reading, TinyOS calls the appropriate event handler to handle the event.

13、 The TinyOS system and programs are both written in a special programming language called nesC [nesC] which is an extension to the C programming language. NesC is designed to detect race conditions between tasks and eve

14、nt handlers. There are also operating systems that allow programming in C. Examples of such operating systems include Contiki [Contiki], and MANTIS. Contiki is designed to support loading modules over the network and su

15、pports run-time loading of standard ELF files. The Contiki kernel is event-driven, like TinyOS, but the system supports multithreading on a per-application basis. Unlike the event-driven Contiki kernel, the MANTIS kerne

16、l is based on preemptive multithreading. With preemptive multithreading, applications do not need to explicitly yield the microprocessor to other processes. 1.4 Introduction to Wireless Sensor Node A sensor node, also

17、known as a mote, is a node in a wireless sensor network that is capable of performing processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. Sensor node should be in small

18、 size, consuming extremely low energy, autonomous and operate unattended, and adaptive to the environment. As wireless sensor nodes are micro-electronic sensor device, they can only be equipped with a limited power sourc

19、e. The main components of a sensor node include sensors, microcontroller, transceiver, and power source. Sensors are hardware devices that can produce measurable response to a change in a physical condition such as lig

20、ht density and sound density. The continuous analog signal collected by the sensors is digitized by Analog-to-Digital converter. The digitized signal is then passed to controllers for further processing. Most of the th

21、eoretical work on WSNs considers Passive and Omni directional sensors. Passive and Omni directional sensors sense the data without actually manipulating the environment with active probing, while no notion of “direction

22、” involved in these measurements. Commonly people deploy sensor for detecting heat (e.g. thermal sensor), light (e.g. infrared sensor), ultra sound (e.g. ultrasonic sensor), or electromagnetism (e.g. magnetic sensor)

23、. In practice, a sensor node can equip with more than one sensor. Microcontroller performs tasks, processes data and controls the operations of other components in the sensor node. The sensor node is responsible for the

24、 signal processing upon the detection of the physical events as needed or on demand. It handles the interruption from the transceiver. In addition, it deals with the internal behavior, such as application-specific com

25、putation. The function of both transmitter and receiver are combined into a single device know as transceivers that are used in sensor nodes. Transceivers allow a sensor node to exchange information between the neighbo

26、ring sensors and the sink node (a central receiver). The operational states of a transceiver are Transmit, Receive, Idle and Sleep. Power is stored either in the batteries or the capacitors. Batteries are the main sour