mba論文美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)模式研究——以游泳項(xiàng)目為例pdf

1、美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)模式研究——以游泳項(xiàng)目為例論文隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證編號(hào)：BT6184115424157IV 摘要 摘要 青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)是競(jìng)技體育可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。美國(guó)之所以能夠長(zhǎng)期作為世界競(jìng)技體育頭號(hào)強(qiáng)國(guó)，擁有龐大的青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員后備人才梯隊(duì)是主要原因。如何培養(yǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)成績(jī)卓越，文化學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)優(yōu)良的青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員一直是理論研究者與實(shí)踐探索者關(guān)心的重要問(wèn)題。因此，本文力求通過(guò)對(duì)美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)分析，展現(xiàn)全面、清晰的美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)脈絡(luò)。 本研究以

2、美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)作為研究對(duì)象，采用文獻(xiàn)資料、實(shí)地考察、專(zhuān)家訪談和問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等方法對(duì)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)的相關(guān)法規(guī)與政策、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、競(jìng)訓(xùn)特點(diǎn)，青少年游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員管理機(jī)構(gòu)、訓(xùn)練狀況、競(jìng)賽狀況、文化教育狀況及競(jìng)訓(xùn)消費(fèi)狀況進(jìn)行深入研究與調(diào)查，得出下列結(jié)論： 1 美國(guó)有完整系統(tǒng)的青少年參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的法規(guī)，對(duì)青少年參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)規(guī)范。這些法規(guī)包括第九教育修正法案、美國(guó)殘疾人法案及業(yè)余體育法。促進(jìn)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員文化學(xué)習(xí)的教育法案及政策包括平等教育機(jī)

3、會(huì)法案、不讓一個(gè)孩子掉隊(duì)法案及參訓(xùn)學(xué)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)政策。 2 美國(guó)青少年體育管理組織分為 6 大類(lèi)：非營(yíng)利性單項(xiàng)體育聯(lián)盟、國(guó)家青少年組織、俱樂(lè)部性質(zhì)體育組織、體育娛樂(lè)與休閑組織、校內(nèi)和校際體育組織。3 青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員學(xué)校訓(xùn)練特點(diǎn)分別為短周期、訓(xùn)練水平低，校外訓(xùn)練特點(diǎn)為長(zhǎng)周期、訓(xùn)練水平高，共同特點(diǎn)為業(yè)余性。在美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)上，校外青少年體育組織承擔(dān)著更重要的角色。 4 青少年游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練時(shí)間特點(diǎn)：每周參與俱樂(lè)部訓(xùn)練時(shí)間為 6 小時(shí)以上。國(guó)家

4、級(jí)賽事運(yùn)動(dòng)水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員每周訓(xùn)練時(shí)間可達(dá) 12 小時(shí)以上；高中生游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員每周參與學(xué)校訓(xùn)練時(shí)間為 5 小時(shí)以上，國(guó)家級(jí)賽事運(yùn)動(dòng)水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員每周參與學(xué)校訓(xùn)練時(shí)間可達(dá) 10 小時(shí)以上；高中校際賽季內(nèi)，大部分高中游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員選擇學(xué)校與俱樂(lè)部的“雙重”訓(xùn)練，國(guó)家級(jí)賽事運(yùn)動(dòng)水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員每周訓(xùn)練時(shí)間可達(dá) 20 小時(shí)；總體表現(xiàn)為，運(yùn)動(dòng)水平越高，訓(xùn)練時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。 5 美國(guó)青少年游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員競(jìng)賽特點(diǎn)：運(yùn)動(dòng)水平越高，年參賽次數(shù)越多，大部分國(guó)家級(jí)賽事運(yùn)動(dòng)水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員年參賽次

5、數(shù)在 20 次以上。 6 美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員文化學(xué)習(xí)狀況：90%以上青少年游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員的文化成績(jī)非常優(yōu)秀；90%的家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為參與游泳訓(xùn)練不影響文化學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。 美國(guó)青少年運(yùn)動(dòng)員培養(yǎng)模式研究——以游泳項(xiàng)目為例論文隨機(jī)驗(yàn)證編號(hào)：BT6184115424157VI ABSTRACT Development of youth sport is very important for continuable development of

6、sport. The number of youth athletes is basis of country that competition sport is very excellent. The main reason why US is the most excellent in the area of competition sport is that there are so many youth

7、 athletes in the US. What is important question that theorist and practitioner care is how to make youth athlete excellent on both sport and academic performance. The purpose of this article will shed light on the syst

8、em of development of youth sport in the US. Current research take development of youth sport in the United States as subject, by using of literature review, filed investigation, expert interview and questionnaire to

9、 explore youth sport policies, youth sport organization, features of training and competition, organization of youth swimming, training, competition, academic and consume of youth swimmer. Conclusion as follow: 1 Po

10、licies that influence participation of youth sport include Title ⅸ of the Educational Amendments of 1972, American with disabilities act and Amateur Athletic Act of 1978. Education policies that promote academic perform

11、ance of youth athlete include Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974, No Child Left Behind. 2 Youth sport organization in the United States can be divided into six categories, namely, angecy-sponsored programs; nat

12、ional youth services organizations, club sports, recreation programs, intramural programs and interscholastic programs. 3 Training features in high school is that short periodicity and low training level. Trai

13、ning features out of school is that long periodicity and high training level. The same feature between high school and out of school is amateur. Community sport organizations play important role in the process of youth