2019年推薦 電大計(jì)算機(jī)輔助期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄終結(jié)版

1、..電大計(jì)算機(jī)輔助期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄電大計(jì)算機(jī)輔助期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄填空填空1.現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)需要經(jīng)歷的幾個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)（需求分析和可行性研究）（概念設(shè)計(jì)）（初步設(shè)計(jì)）（詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)）（試制與測(cè)試）（設(shè)計(jì)定型）（設(shè)計(jì)完善）2.CAD技術(shù)的未來發(fā)展集中體現(xiàn)在（集成化）（網(wǎng)絡(luò)化）（智能化）（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）3.CAD系統(tǒng)的軟件分為（系統(tǒng)軟件）（支撐軟件）（應(yīng)用軟件）三個(gè)層次4.CAD系統(tǒng)按其硬件組成分類，目前主要使用的有（主機(jī)系統(tǒng)）（小型機(jī)系統(tǒng)）（工作站系統(tǒng)）（微機(jī)

2、系統(tǒng)）（基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的微機(jī)—工作站系統(tǒng)）5.三次B樣條曲線可完成（拐點(diǎn)）（直線）（構(gòu)造尖點(diǎn)）（磨平尖點(diǎn)）等特殊處理6.在研究自由曲線時(shí)常用到（點(diǎn)）（插值）（逼近）（光順）（擬合）這些基本術(shù)語(yǔ)7.常用的軟件工程過程模型（瀑布模型）（原型模型）（增量模型）（螺旋模型）8.CAD系統(tǒng)按工作方法及功能大致分為（檢索性）（自動(dòng)型）（交互性）（智能型）9.CAD的英文全稱ComputerAidedDesign10.幾何造型系統(tǒng)分為（線框造型）（曲面造型

3、）（實(shí)體造型）11.工程數(shù)據(jù)中數(shù)表的計(jì)算機(jī)處理方法（數(shù)表程序化）（一元函數(shù)插值）（二元函數(shù)插值）12.實(shí)體造型數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)常用的有（CSG樹型結(jié)構(gòu)）（邊界表示數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)）(空間分割模型結(jié)構(gòu)）13.體素之間的集合運(yùn)算（又稱布爾運(yùn)算）分為（并）（交）（差）運(yùn)算14.在CAD系統(tǒng)中，接口可以認(rèn)為是系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部之間或者系統(tǒng)內(nèi)外之間信息交換的（一種共享邏輯界面），即信息交流的（一種約定或一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）15.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)是指利用（計(jì)算機(jī)軟件硬件系統(tǒng)）輔助工程技

4、術(shù)人員對(duì)產(chǎn)品或工程進(jìn)行（設(shè)計(jì)）（分析）（修改）以及交互式顯示輸出的一種方法，是一門多學(xué)科的綜合應(yīng)用技術(shù)。16.常用的輸入控制方式（請(qǐng)求）（取樣）（事件）3種17.（計(jì)算機(jī)圖形處理技術(shù)）是CAD技術(shù)的核心與基礎(chǔ)18.按其發(fā)展歷史，幾何造型系統(tǒng)分為（線框造型系統(tǒng)）（曲面造型系統(tǒng)）（實(shí)體造型系統(tǒng)）19.CAD技術(shù)是(前提和基礎(chǔ))，CAM技術(shù)是(目的)20.工作站(UNIX工作站)(windows工作站)21.在三維空間中定義幾何形體時(shí)可采用3

5、中坐標(biāo)系(世界坐標(biāo)系)(造型坐標(biāo)系)(觀察坐標(biāo)系)簡(jiǎn)述1.CAD技術(shù)中數(shù)據(jù)交換方式：①專用數(shù)據(jù)格式交換方式（點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)交換）②采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)格式的中性文件交換方式（星式交換）③統(tǒng)一的產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)模型交換方式2.計(jì)算機(jī)處理技術(shù)基礎(chǔ):①圖形處理的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)②圖形程序庫(kù)③坐標(biāo)系④窗口與視圖⑤圖形的裁剪與消隱⑥二維三維圖形變換3.計(jì)算機(jī)圖形標(biāo)準(zhǔn):通常是指圖形系統(tǒng)及其相關(guān)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中各界面進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳送和通信的接口標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及供圖形應(yīng)用程序調(diào)用的子程序功能及其格式標(biāo)

6、準(zhǔn)4.現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)全生命周期性的概念：產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)“設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)價(jià)再設(shè)計(jì)”的反復(fù)迭代過程，在產(chǎn)品的整個(gè)生命周期中，設(shè)計(jì)定型并不意味著設(shè)計(jì)工作的結(jié)束，只要產(chǎn)品還在生產(chǎn)和銷售，就必將反饋大連的用戶信息和生產(chǎn)制造信息，并要求對(duì)產(chǎn)品不斷進(jìn)行修改。5.線框造型（用直線圓圓弧等空間棱線構(gòu)造三維物體的方法）的特點(diǎn)：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，易于理解。缺點(diǎn)：構(gòu)造出的幾何形體易產(chǎn)生不確定性6.曲面造型特點(diǎn):優(yōu)點(diǎn)①所描述的零件范圍比線框造型廣泛②便于進(jìn)行工程分析和技術(shù)加

7、工缺點(diǎn):形體表述不完整7.實(shí)體造型優(yōu)越性:①用實(shí)體造型的方法所構(gòu)造的形體，數(shù)據(jù)表述最為完整，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了工程分析和數(shù)據(jù)加工的要求②實(shí)體造型不僅記錄了全部幾何信息，而且記錄了全部點(diǎn)、線、面、體、的拓補(bǔ)信息③通過看色、光照、及紋理處理等技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，使實(shí)體造型具有很好的可視性8.CAD系統(tǒng)選型的基本要素①軟件選型②運(yùn)行環(huán)境的選型③價(jià)格策略9.選擇CAD系統(tǒng)的原則：①軟件系統(tǒng)的選擇優(yōu)于硬件且應(yīng)具有優(yōu)越的性能②硬件系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該符合國(guó)際工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)③整..請(qǐng)

8、您刪除一下內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！謝謝?。?！2015年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Shanghai’sSuzhouCreekhaswitnessedmuchofthecity’shisty.ZhouWentingtravelsthisstiedbodyofwaterfindsitsmostfinating

9、spots.SomeluckycitiescanboastagreatbodyofwaterlikeLondonwiththeriverThamesPariswiththeriverSeine.Shanghaiisprivilegedenoughtohavetwogreatbodiesofwater:HuangpuRiverSuzhouCreek.HuangpuRiverbecamefamouswhencolonistsestablis

10、hedclustersofgrbuildingsonitsbanksonwhatbecameknownasthebund.TodaythebundoverlooksthebreathtakingskylineofLujiazuifinancialdistrict.Shanghai’sotherbodyofwaterhoweverSuzhouCreekhasbeensomewhatovershadowed.SuzhouCreeklinks

11、theinlcitiesofJiangsuprovincewithShanghai.WhentheBritishcolonistswhoarrivedinthecityafteritwasopenedasacommercialptin1843foundtheycouldreachSuzhouJiangsuprovinceviathecreektheynameditSuzhouCreek.Thankstoitslocationalarge

12、amountofcargotravelersweretransptedviathecreekbeferaillinkswereestablished.Butafteracenturyofbeingutilizedasawaterwaytotransptgoodslabthecreekgrewdarksmelly.Industrialfactieswereestablishedalongthebanks.Inthe1990sitbecam

13、eakeytaskofthecitygovernmenttocleanthecreek.SuzhouCreekwhichsnakes17kmfromtheiconicWaibaiduBridgedowntowntotheouterringroadinwestShanghaimapsthechangingperiodsofthecity’shistyincludingtheimprintsoftheconcessionsthebeginn

14、ingofindustrializationtheimprovementinpeople’slivingconditions.WheretheBundbeganInbetweentheshoppingstreetofEastNanjingRoadtheBundareaclusterofstreetsthatgivemetheillusionthatIamnolongerinmodernShanghai.Thestreetsarenarr

15、owoldcrisscrosseachother.AnyoldresidentialhousemayturnouttobeafmerofficeoftheBritishconstructedinthe1880s.Pawnshopshardwarestesthatarehardtofindelsewhereareplentifulhere.ThisareaattheconfluenceofHuangpuRiverSuzhouCreekis

16、calledtheBundigin.Countlesstourbusesstopatthesiteeverydayvisitsfromaroundthewldgetofftoseethisplacethestartingpointoftheconcessionsinthecity.Itallstartedin1872whenthefmerBritishConsulateGeneralwasconstructedtheBundbegani

17、tstransfmationintoanthefinancialstreetoftheEast.Nowthesiteofthefmerconsulateiscalled“No1Waitanyuan”whichtranslatesto“theBundigin”tohonitsbeginnings.TheentirecomplexofthishisticalsitecomprisesoffivebuildingsthefmerBritish

18、ConsulateGeneraltheofficialresidenceoftheconsulthefmerUnionChurchthechurchapartmentsthefmerShanghaiRowingClub.Thesizeofthecourtyardisequivalenttothatoffourstardsoccerfields.Thebuildingofthefmerconsulateisatwosteymasonryb

19、uildingonanHshapedplanintypicalEnglishrenaissancestyle.Thebuildingisdesignedwithafivearchverahonthegroundflowitharaisedterracefacingthegardenwhilethefacadefeaturesanentrypticobeneathacolonnadedloggia.Ithasbeenturnedintoa

20、cafwheredinnerafternoonteaareavailable.Visitscanchoosetositindosoutdostoenjoythemagnificentgardenswithnearly30ancienttrees.YuanmingyuanRoadbehindthecomplexisalsoahisticalsite.Theroadhasbeenrevampedasapedestrianshoppingst

21、reethighendbrshaveseizedthebestspots.Altogether14oldbuildingsincludingthoseusedfofficesresidencesconstructedduring1920s1930sremain.Todayitisapopularlocationfcommercialfashionphotoshoots.NewTian’anChurchUnionChurchstsatth

22、eintersectionofYuanmingyuanRoadSuzhouCreek.ThechurchdesignedinthestyleoftheEnglishcountrysidehasacapacityof500people.Itwasverypopularduringtheconcessionperiodbutwasconvertedintofactyofficesafter1949.Thechurchweseetodayis

23、areplicatheiginalburneddownin2007.ThereusedtobeanoutdoswimmingpoolthefirstofitskindinShanghaibesidethechurchbuthasbeenfilledinisnowasmallgarden.BridgeofromanceThereisperhapsnootherplacethat’smerepresentativeofShanghaitha

24、nthisbridgewhichappearsinquitealotofmoviesaboutthecity.DozensofcouplesvisiteverydaytoposeftheirpreweddingphotosonthebridgewhereSuzhouCreekbeginsinterconnectswithHuangpuRiver.ThisisWaibaiduBridgetheGardenBridge.Thesoontob

25、ewedcouplesposeinsplendidattireonthebridgeleaningagainsttherailingsittingonthewoodenflo.Someevenriskwalkingintothedleoftheroadtogettheperfectshot.Colfullightsilluminatethebridgethroughoutthenightmakingitapicturesqueplace

26、fpreweddingptraitsloverstomeet.Constructedin1873designedbyaBritishcompanythe106meterlongbridgewasthefirstevermajbridgeinShanghai.In1856thefirstlargewoodenbridgeWellsBridgewasbuiltoverSuzhouCreekbutthebridgetollledtocompl

27、aintsfromcitizens.So17yearslateranotherwoodenbridgewhichdidnotrequiretollswasbuilt.PeoplecalleditWaibaiduwhichmeans“goingacrossffree”.Thebridgewasrenovatedasasteeltrussstructurein1907.Becausenearly40bridgeshavenowbeenbui

28、ltoverSuzhouCreekthebridgeisnolongeratrafficarterybutismeofanobservationdeckftourists.ItisatraditioninShanghaifagrmothertowalkacrossabridgewiththeirgrchildwhenheshereachesonemonth.Thisrepresentsthatthenewbnhasovercomeall

29、thetwiststurnsitsjourneywillbesafesmooththroughouthisherlife.“WaibaiduBridgeisalwaysthebestoptionbecauseit’stheiconofShanghai.Thepictureofmydaughterwhenshewasababyheldbyhergrmotherwasalsotakenhere.It’slikeafamilytraditio

30、n“saysWangXuefenaShanghainativewhohasanewbngrson.ChangningRiversideThereisa5kmstretchofwaterfrontbySuzhouCreekinChangningdistrictonChangningRoadfromtheintersectionofHamiRoadtoJiangsuRoad.Ithasbecomeapopularplacetotakeawa

31、lksunbatheonthelawn.ThereisanoverpassattheintersectionofChangningRoadGubeiRoadfpeopletoenjoytheviewofthecreeka3kmplasticrunwayonbothsidesofChangningRoadwhichattractspeopleofallagesChineseexpat.“Joggingonthetwosidesgivesa

32、differentfeelingbecausethenthsideisnexttothecreekthesouthsideisadjacenttotheresidentialhighriseswhichislikejogginginthejungle“saysXiaoXua27yearoldwomanwholivesnearby.Theriversideusedtobecompletelydifferent.Dozensoftextil

33、emillschemicalplantsmachinemanufacturingfactiesweresetupalongthecreekinthe1920s.Theybroughtindustrializationbutalsopollution.Fromthe1930sthecreekcouldnolongerbeusedasasourceftapwaternolivingfishshrimpcouldbefound.“Suzhou

34、Creekinmymemyisdarksmelly.IusedtogototheriverbanktowatchthesewagedisposalrunningoutfromthechemicalplantswhenIwasalittlegirl.Wedidn’tknowitwaspollution.Wethoughtitwasaredwaterfall“saysHuangQia57yearoldShanghairesident.“So

35、theresidentialhousesalongthecreekwereunpopularonlymigrantswithlowincomeswouldliveinthatarea“shesays.Howeverthingshavechanged.Theplantswereclosedturnedintoriversideparkstheapartmentsinthenewhighrisesespeciallythosefacingt

36、hecreekaremuchsoughtafter.EastChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceLawThisisthefamousfmerSaintJohn’sUniversityChina’sfirstevermoderninstitutionofhighereducationestablishedbymissionariesfromtheUnitedStatesin1879.Thebuildingsc

37、ombineChineseWesternelements.Address:1575WanhangduRoadChangningdistrictTheoldresidentialareaAfteryouleavetheuniversityfromitseastgateyouwillenterashabbyneighbhoodthatretainsitsiginallook.Thealleysarenarrowthehousesareove

38、rcrowded.Somethingshavenotchangedfmanygenerationssuchasraisingchickensathome.Address:WestGuangfuRoadMoganshanRoadThisisanartsystreetthathasbecomeverypopularamongartistsfashionistasinrecentyears.Graffiticoversthewallsonth

39、ewindingstreetwhereyoucanfindaclusterofartgalleriescreativeindustryoffices.SihangWarehouseFourbanksjointlyfundedtheconstructionofthiswarehousesoitisnamedsihangfourbanks.Thewarehousebuiltin1931wasusedfthestageoffoodfirsta

40、idsuppliesammunitionduringtheyearsofwar.ThebuildingwhichisalsoamasterpieceleftbytheHungarianarchitectLaszloHudecinthe1930shasbeenrecentlytransfmedintoacenterofcreativeindustrywkshops.Address:1GuangfuRoadZhabeidistrict28.