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1、AnEvaluationofKVMfUseinCloudComputingM.FENNM.A.MURPHYJ.MARTINS.GOASGUENClemsonUniversityInthispaperwedescribeavirtualclusterbasedontheKernelbasedVirtualMachine(KVM)asanalternativetoVMWareXen.Specicallyweshowhowthevirtual
2、clusterisbuilttailedtotvirtualganizations.ThetechniquepresentedinthispaperknownastheVirtualganizationClusterModelshowsgreatpotentialfcloudcomputing.InourimplementationweusedaminimalistinstallationofSlackwareLinux12on14co
3、mputenodesensuringminimalhostoverhead.OurprototypeVirtualganizationClusteriscomposedof28virtualcomputesnodeseachrunningCentOS5.1withCondMPI.Resultsoftestingtheprototypewereencouragingwiththeexceptionofwkperfmance.Categie
4、sSubjectDes:C.4[ComputerSystemsganization]:PerfmanceofSystemsDesignstudiesPerfmanceattributesC.2.4[ComputerCommunicationwks]:DistributedSystemsGeneralTerms:DesignExperimentationMeasurementPerfmanceAdditionalKeyWdsPhrases
5、:VirtualMachinesKVMHighPerfmanceComputing1.INTRODUCTIONAcurrentprobleminscienticcomputingisthattheexpertiseneededtodeploymaintainaclusterremainsscarcedespiterecentdeclinesinhardwarecosts.Smallerresearchgroupsmaynotbeable
6、toadtohavetheirownclusterspurchasingtimeonanexistingclusterraisesconcernssuchasvendlockindatasecurity.Inthispaperwepresentacloudcomputingmodelwhichdenesaminimumspecicationfacomputecluster.Thisclusterssolepurposeistohosto
7、thercomputeclustersthroughvirtualization.InthiswayaVirtualizationServiceProvider(VSP)cansellcomputepowerwithouthavingtodirectlymaintaineachendusersparticularapplication.SimilarlyVirtualganizations(VOs)canpurchasecomputep
8、owerfromVSPswithouthavingtowryabouthardwaresoftwarecompatibility.AVOisfreetodevelopamodelclusterlocallyperhapsevenonapersonalwkstationtestitAuthsaddress:SchoolofComputingClemsonUniversityClemsonSC296340974USA.mfennmamurp
9、hjim.martinsebgoa@cs.clemson.eduThismaterialisbaseduponwksupptedunderaNationalScienceFoundationGraduateResearchFellowship.Permissiontomakedigitalhardcopyofallpartofthismaterialwithoutfeefpersonalclassroomuseprovidedthatt
10、hecopiesarenotmadedistributedfprotcommercialadvantagetheACMcopyrightservernoticethetitleofthepublicationitsdateappearnoticeisgiventhatcopyingisbypermissionoftheACMInc.Tocopyotherwisetorepublishtopostonserverstoredistribu
11、tetolistsrequiresprispecicpermissionafee.c?20YYACM1529378520YY07000001$5.00ACMTransactionsonComputationalLogicVol.VNo.NMonth20YYPages10.AnEvaluationofKVMfUseinCloudComputing3TableI.KVMvs.XenKVMXenType1HypervisType2Hyperv
12、isHostisaprivilegedguestHostdirectlyonhardwareUnprivilegedguestsGuestshaveuserprivilegesx86ringabstractionUNIXprocessabstractionParavirtualizedguestsUnmodifiedguests2.1KernelbasedVirtualMachine(KVM)TheKernelbasedVirtualM
13、achine(KVM)isaType2hypervismaintainedbyQumraInc[Habib2008][Qumra2006].KVMisbasedontheQEMUemulatderivesallitsmanagementtoolsfromQEMU.ThemainfocusofKVMdevelopmentistousethex86VTextensionswhichallowvirtualmachinestomakesyst
14、emcalls[vanDon2006].KVMversionsnewerthanKVM62havesupptfparavirtualizedLinuxguestsbutwedidnotutilizethiscapabilityinourinitialprototype.KVMusesasetofLinuxkernelmodulestoprovideVTsuppt.KVMcanrunonastockLinuxkernelthatis:(a
15、)newenough(b)hashadtheKVMmodulesbuiltfit.IncontrastXenrequiresaheavilypatchedLinuxkernelonwhichdevelopmentlagsbehindthemainlinekernel.KVMsupptstheQEMUCopyonwrite(QCOW)diskimagefmatallowingittosupptasnapshotmodefitsdiskIO
16、operations.Insnapshotmodealldiskwritesaredirectedtoatemparylechangesarenotpersistedtotheiginaldiskimagele.MultipleVMscanberunfromonediskimagesomewhatmitigatingthehugestagerequirementsassociatedwithhostingagridofVMs[Keahe
17、yetal.2004].DestroyingavirtualclusterisassimpleassendingSIGKILLtoeachhypervisdeletingtheimagefromdisk.KVMsupptsthestardLinuxTUNTAPmodelfEtherbridging.ByusingthismodeleachVMgetsitsownwkingresourcesmakingitindistinguishabl
18、efromaphysicalmachine.2.2VirtualComputeNodesCentraltotheVirtualganizationClusterModel(VOCM)istheVirtualganizationCluster(VOC)whichiscomposedofVirtualComputeNodes(VCN).EachVirtualganization(VO)thatwishestoutilizethecomput
19、efacilitiesprovidedbyaVirtualizationServiceProvider(VSP)mustprovideaVMimagesetofVMimagesalongwithsomegeneralcongurationparameters.SinceeachimagewillpotentiallybeusedtospawnmultipleVMsthecongurationofeachimagemustnotmakea
20、nyassumptionsaboutthetypeofwking(hardwareinterface)hostnamesystemspeciccongurationsettings.Insteaddynamicwkingcongurationshouldbeused.Onceahostnamehasbeenobtaineddynamiccongurationbaseduponthehostnameisallowed.OurmodelVO
21、CwasbuiltfromtwoVCNseachwithCentOS5.1installed.CentOSprovidessubstantialoutoftheboxsupptfclustercomputingapplicationsalongwithitscousinRedHatEnterpriseLinuxiswidelysupptedinthescientichighperfmancecomputingcommunities.Th
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