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1、閱讀閱讀篇章篇章1當(dāng)前題號(hào):第當(dāng)前題號(hào):第110110題,總題數(shù):題,總題數(shù):5050題LineLowwageschronicunemploymentunderemploymentleadtolowincomelackofpropertyownershipabsenceofsavingsabsenceoffoodreservesinthehomeachronicshtageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethep
2、ossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.asaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofpawningpersonalgoodsbrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathigherratesofinterestspontaneousinfmalc
3、reditdevicesganizedbyneighbstheuseofsecondhclothingfurniturethepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyha
4、vealowlevelofliteracyeducationusuallydonotbelongtolabunionsarenotmembersofpoliticalpartiesgenerallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagenciesmakeverylittleuseofbankshospitalsdepartmentstesmuseumsartgalleries.Theyhaveac
5、riticalattitudetowardsomethebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasseshatredofthepolicemistrustofgovernmentacynicismthatextendseventothechurch.ThisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialfprotestfBeingusedinpoliticalmovementsai
6、medagainsttheexistingsocialder.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofdleclassvaluestalkaboutthemevenclaimsomeofthemastheirownbutonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimptanttodistinguishbetweenwhattheysaywhattheydo.Fexamp
7、lemanywilltellyouthatmarriagebylawbythechurchbybothistheidealfmofmarriagebutfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsothersourcesofincomewhodonotownpropertyhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildrenwhoarepresenttimeientedwhowanttoa
8、voidtheexpenselegaldifficultiesinvolvedinfmalmarriagedivcefreeunionsconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetter
9、breakitgivesthemsomeofthefreedomflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbsthewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Italsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseany
10、otherpropertytheymayown.1.Accdingtothepassageadefiningacteristicofpovertyisthatpopeople__________.A.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsocietyB.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobsC.areresponsibleftheirownpoverty5101520253035C.weake
11、nsthefabricofsocietyD.meansmethanlackofmoney10.Thewd“it”inLine37refersto__________.A.abetterbreakB.legalstatusC.consensualunionD.illegalmarriage篇章篇章2當(dāng)前題號(hào):第當(dāng)前題號(hào):第11201120題,總題數(shù):題,總題數(shù):5050題;題;LineCarsaccountfhalftheoilconsu
12、medintheU.S.abouthalftheurbanpollutiononefourthofthegreenhousegases.Theytakeasimilartollofresourcesinotherindustrialnationsinthecitiesofthedevelopingwld.AsvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecadetheU.S.othercountri
13、eswillhavetodealwiththeseissueselsefaceunacceptableeconomichealthrelatedpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelthatothernationswillacceptalargegrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimatechange
14、.Policymakersindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuseincreasetheefficiencyreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasolinepoweredvehiclesswitchtolessharmfulfuelsfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticulartheintro
15、ductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalofferonlymarginalimprovements.Fexamplereducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficp
16、roblemsahostofsocialenvironmentalproblemsbutevidencefromaroundthewldsuggeststhatitisdifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.masstransitridershipcarpoolinghavedeclinedsinceWldWarII.EveninWester
17、nEuropewithfuelpricesaveragingmethan$1aliter(about$4agallon)witheasilyaccessiblemasstransitdensepopulationscarsstillaccountf80percentofallpassengertravel.Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealingbutautomotivefueleconomyhas
18、barelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgasburnedininternalcombustionenginescouldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcostbuttheywouldleadtoonlymarginalreductionsinpollutiongreenhousegasemissions(especiallybeca
19、useoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).11.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheincreaseduseofcarswill__________.A.consumehalfoftheoilproducedinthewldB.haveseriousc
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