普通生態(tài)學(xué)考試題習(xí)題庫匯總

1、《普通生態(tài)學(xué)》《普通生態(tài)學(xué)》一、Pleaseexplainthefollowingterms(3pointseach18pointstotally).（1）IntroductionEcologyhabitat（2）autoecologyniche（生態(tài)位）fundamentalniche（基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)位）competitiveexlusionprinciple（競爭排斥原理）fitness（適合度）environment（環(huán)境）Liebig

2、’slawofminimum（利比希最小因子定律）Shelfd’slawoftolerance（謝爾福德的“耐受性定律”）ecologicalvalenceamplitude（生態(tài)價(jià)、生態(tài)幅、耐性限度）lawoflimitingfact（限制因子定律）VantHoff’slaw（范霍夫定律或Q10定律）developmentalthresholdtemperature（發(fā)育起點(diǎn)溫度）lawofeffectivetemperature（有

3、效積溫法則）（3）populationecologyPopulation（種群）ecologicalinvasion（生態(tài)入侵）innatecapacityofincrease(intrinsicrateofincrease)[內(nèi)稟增長率]densitydependence（密度制約）densityindependence（非密度制約）agestructure（年齡椎體或年齡金字塔）Survivshipcurve（存活曲線）ecolog

4、icalnatality（生態(tài)出生率）ecologicalmtality（生態(tài)死亡率）maximumnatality（最大出生率）minimummtality（最低死亡率）ecologicalstrategy（生態(tài)對(duì)策）（4）communityecologypioneerspecies（先鋒物種）climax（頂級(jí)群落）bioticcommunity（生物群落）communitysuccession（群落演替）growthfm（生長型）

5、lifefm（生活型）ectone（群落交錯(cuò)區(qū)）：edgeeffect（邊緣效應(yīng)）：penicillinbacteriumis.Walnutquinonesecretedbywalnutcaninhibitthegrowthofitssurroundingplantssotherelationshipbetweenwalnutitssurroundingplantsbelongsto.（4）communityecologyThethre

6、emodeltoexplainthesuccessionmechanisminclude.（5）ecosystemecologyThefunctionofecosysteminclude.Theretypesofbiogeochemicalcyclesare.Thetwomaintypesoffoodchainsare.arethethreefunctionalgroupsthatconsistofecosystem.Themaxima

7、lecosysteminglobeis.Thefigurebelowisasimplifiedsketchmap(示意圖)offoodweb(食物網(wǎng))ingrasslecosystempleasegivetheanswerfthesixquestionsbelowaccdingtothissketchmap.（1）Thenumberoffoodchain(食物鏈)inthisfoodwebis.（2）Thenumberoftrophic

8、level(營養(yǎng)級(jí))ofhawkis.（3）Theinterspecificrelationshipbetweenhawkfoxis.（4）Thelifefm(生物)withthehighestenergyamongthecomponentsofthisecosystemis.Theenergywereultimatelytransferredtohawktheefficientfoodchainis.（5）IfweuseDDTtoco

9、ntrolthepestinsect(害蟲)thatdoharmtograssesthenwecaninferthatthelifefmwiththehighestconcentration(濃度)ofDDTis_______.（6）Ifthehawksnakefoxarelargelyhuntedintheshttermthelifefmwillbeseriouslynegativelyinfluencedis.15.種間關(guān)系包括（舉