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1、Unit1StartingoutListeninginPassage1InterviewerCanyoutellmesomethingabouttheIvyLeagueYoureaprofessatHarvardisthatrightProfessThatsrightyes.InterviewerTellmehowmanyuniversitiesarethereHowmanyinstitutionsProfessIntotalthere

2、areeightinstitutions:TheresHarvardYaleBrownColumbiaCnellDartmouthPrincetontheUniversityofPennsylvania.InterviewerAhOK.whatsthespting...Ibelievetheressomelinkwithspts.ProfessTherecertainlyisyes.iginallytheIvyLeaguereferre

3、dtothesptsteamsfromtheuniversitieswhichcompetedagainsteachotherespeciallyinfootballbasketballicehockey.Nowsometimestheseuniversitiesinstitutionschosetheirstudentsonthebasisoftheirskillsattheseparticularspts.Butinthelast5

4、0yearsIvyLeagueschoolshaveacceptedawiderrangeofstudentsbecauseitwasntpossibletobebothwldfamousfresearchalsotopclassinspt.InterviewerwhatabouttheiracademicimptanceIgathertheyreacademicallyveryveryimptanttheyreverywellknow

5、n.ProfessAbsolutelyatthetop.TheyrenearatthetopoftheUSAcollegesuniversityrankings.theyrealmostalwaysinthetoponepercentofthewldsacademicinstitutionsffinancialresources.InterviewerwhatdoesitmeansociallytogotoanIvyLeagueuniv

6、ersityProfessCertainlyifyouvebeentooneoftheseinstitutionsyouarepresumedassumedtobeatthetopendofthescale.TheIvyLeagueinstitutionshaveareputationfsocialelitismmanyofthestudentsarerichintellectualwhiteAngloSaxonprotestants.

7、Notallofthemofcoursebutquitealotofthem.Interviewerdoyouknow...whysitcalledtheIvyLeaguewhatstheiginofthenameProfessThereareanumberofstiesderivationsbutpossiblyitsbasedonfouruniversitiesIVthelettersIVthatstheRomannumeralff

8、our.Anothermelikelystyisthativyplantswhicharesymbolicoftheageoftheuniversitiesyouknowwouldbegrownatthewallsoftheseuniversitiestheseinstitutionstheycoverthewallsofthebuildings.ThetermwascreatedbyasptsjournalistIthinkinthe

9、1930s.InterviewerRightOK.whichistheoldestuniversityProfessTheoldestgoesbacktothe17thcenturythatsHarvardwhichwasfoundedin1636.theyoungestoftheinstitutionsisCnellwhichwasfoundedin1865.Interviewerwhichhasthelargestnumberofu

10、ndergraduatesProfessCnellhasthelargestnumberabout1300013500undergraduates.TheinstitutionwiththesmallestnumberisDartmouthCollegewithalittleover4000.InterviewerwhatabouttheacceptancerateIsithardtogetintoProfessThatrangesfr

11、omaboutsevenpercentto20percent.IntervieweranyfamousalumniFamousoldboysProfessHundreds!Hundredsofthem.ButIsupposewldwidethetwothatwouldbedefinitelyknownalloverthewldwouldcertainlybeGegeBushwhowenttoYaleJohnFKennedyPreside

12、ntKennedywhowasatHarvard.InterviewerThankyou.Passage2yDidyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnightJaneNoIwasout.WhatwasitMartinImveryhappytonotthatIremembermuchatall.IwasatacustomershousebuildingacupboardthenextthingIknewIwokeu

13、pinhospitalwithpeopleinwhitecoatsbendingoverme.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrightening.MartinItwas.ButwhatwasreallyfrighteningwasthatIcouldntspeak.Icouldntsayawd.Icouldntunderstmuchthatpeoplesaidtome.InterviewerHowawful

14、!MartinYeah!IdontknowwhatwouldhavehappenedtomeifIhadnthadmyfamily.Buttheyweretherefmetheyreallywere.Ihadsomethingcalledaphasiawherethepartofyourbraingetsdamagedthataffectsyourspeechlanguage.Buttheystartedtreatmentfthecon

15、ditionalmostimmediately.Thisspeechlanguagetherapistcametoseemeeverydayf12weeks.Theymademedoalltheseexercises.InterviewerWhatkindofexercisesMartinIhadtomatchwdspicturessaytheirnames.YouseeIdalsofgottenthenamesofalotofthin

16、gs.ShehadthisthingcalledawdboardIcouldpointtowdsphrasesonitthatIwantedtosay.Ihadtorepeatwdsupto20timesboyitwashardsohard.InterviewerCouldyousayanythingtobeginwithMartinIcouldsaythreewds.“Hi““Yes““No“.Thatwasall.therewere

17、alotofwdsIcouldntunderst1hadtolearntheirmeaningsalloveragain.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrustrating.MartinItwasbutIwasdeterminedtogetbetter.Iwasinhospitalfthreeahalfmonths.WhenIgothomeIgotaspecialcomputerprogrammethatI

18、wkedwitheveryday.slowlymylanguagecamebacktome.Itwasastruggleabigstruggle.Ihadtolearntoreadwriteagaintoo.InterviewerWhydoyouthinkthatyouwereabletorecovercompletelyItsnotthatcommonisitMartinIwaslucky.Iwasgiventherightdruga

19、ttherighttime.Ihad12weeksoftherapyfivedaysaweek.Thatsveryimptantapparently.InterviewernowthatyourebetterhowdoyoufeelaboutyourlifeMartinWhatcanIsayImjustgratefultohavemylifeback.Passage2InterviewerIn1907anItalianeducatcal

20、ledMariaMontessiopenedaschoolinRomethattaughtyoungchildrenusingmethodsthatwereverydifferentfromtraditionalteaching.TodaytheMontessimethodasitsknownisusedinnurseryschoolsincountriessuchasAmericaCanadaBritainGermany.Recent

21、researchshowsthatchildreneducatedataMontessinurserydobetterlateronatschoolthanotherchildreninallsubjects.WeaskedtwoMontessiteachersClaudiaRosellaSarahHarringtontoexplainwhatmakestheirnurseryschooldifferent.Sarah...SarahI

22、thinkthefirstthingtosayisthataMontessiclassroomisveryquietveryclean.Everythingstaysinthesameplace.Sothechildrenarecalmquietasaresult.InterviewerSotheyrenotencouragedtobenoisy.SarahNodefinitelynot...InterviewerClaudiaClau

23、diaYestheclassroomsveryimptant.Anotherimptantprincipleisthatchildrendirecttheirownlearning.Theychoosewhattheywanttodo.InterviewerSotheteacherdoesnttellthechildwhattodoSarahNotatall.Whileachildisdoinganactivityweobserveth

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