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1、歷年考研真題歷年考研真題——英譯漢英譯漢1994年Accdingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedfceinexpingthehizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesfwardtheysaynotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmedinarythin

2、gslikeimprovedtechniquestools.(72)“Insht“aleaderofthenewschoolcontends“thescientificrevolutionaswecallitwaslargelytheimprovementinventionuseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.“(73)Ove

3、rtheyearstoolstechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignedbyhistiansphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileoNewtonMaxwellEinsteininventssuchasEdis

4、onattachedgreatimptancetoderivedgreatbenefitfromcraftinfmationtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.ThecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnologyyesgeniusnoadvocatewasananalysisofGialileosr

5、oleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemyanastronomerofthesecondcenturywhoseelabatesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileosgreatestglywasthatin1609hewasthefir

6、stpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplasrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestyaccdingtothenewschoolofscientistswasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryfmakin

7、geyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)Whetherthegovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyviceversa(反之)oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedr

8、ivingfce.1996年Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinscience

9、beingtosomeextentselfaccelerating.Somehoweverarelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionofthefmscientifictheyoughttotakebypersonsinauthityacttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblempr

10、obablynotyetunavoidablebutitisafrighteningtrend.72)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWldWarwhenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybefes

11、eenindetail.Itcanbepredictedhoweverthatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itistherefegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourcemachinetobekeptinfunctionalder.73)T

12、hisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupptingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedto2000年Governmentsthroughoutthewldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthwealthofthecommunity.71)Undermode

13、mconditionsthisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsoperationalresearchexperts.72)Furthermeitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountryseconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeeffi

14、ciencyofitsagricultureindustrythatthisinturnrestsupontheefftsofscientiststechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectsindertostepupproductionensurethatitisutilizedtothe

15、bestadvantage.Fexamplethemayencourageresearchinvariouswaysincludingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenterstheymayalterthestructureofeducationofintheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtosci

16、enceeconomicsindustry.Inanycaseallsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadvicealsoscientifictechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmasscommunicationspeopleeverywherearefeelingnewwan

17、tsarebeingexposedtonewcustomsideaswhilegovernmentsareoftenfcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsfthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametimethenmalrateofsocialchangethroughoutthewldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwi

18、ththepast.Fexample.74)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrializationwithallthefarreachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowedwasspreadovernearlyacenturywhereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothe

19、sameprocessinadecadeso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressurestensionswithinthecommunityconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfthegovernmentsconcerned.75)Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexp

20、losionproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovementsthemselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftranspt.Asaresultofallthesefactsgovernmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistssocialscientistsfplanningtheappropr

21、iateprogramsputtingthemintoeffect.2003年Humanbeingsinalltimesplacesthinkabouttheirwldwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulcreativepossessedofinsatiablecuriosity.(61)Furthermehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironment

22、inwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifefmstotheirownpeculiarideasfancies.Therefeitisimptanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessdiversityinacalmsystematicmannerwiththehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumans

23、toameharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselveswithallotherlifefmsonthisplaEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwds“anthropos”:“human”logos“thestudyof.”Byitsverynameanthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyis

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