國際會計準則2—股份支付下的會計計量【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）外文翻譯外文題目AccountingfsharebasedpaymentunderNZIFRS2外文出處UniversityofAucklbusinessreviewspring2005Volissue2p3946外文作者DavidEmanuel原文：原文：AccountingfsharebasedpaymentsunderNZIFRS2InessencethisStarddealswiththreeprimary

2、issues.Thefirstiswhere“payment”isbytheissueofsharesotherfmsofinstrument.Thesecondiswherethereisacashpaymentbuttheamountisderivedfromsharevaluesachangeinsharevalues.thethirdiswheretheproviderofgoodsservicestoanentityhasac

3、hoiceaboutwhetherheshegetspaidincashshares.Asapracticalmatterthemajeffectofthisstardisonremuneration.Employeesmayreceivepartoftheirremunerationinrestrictedsharesshareappreciationrightsviashareoptions.Inthecaseofrestricte

4、dsharestheemployeemaynothavetopay“fairvalue”ftheshares.Schemesbasedonshareappreciationinvolvetheemployee(eventually)receivingcashthatistiedtochangesinshareprices.Inthecaseofshareoptionsthenmalarrangementisthatnomoneyisex

5、changedwhentheoptionisgrantediftheoptionisexercisedthegrantee(i.e.theemployee)paystheexercisepricefthenewsharesthatareissued.Thisarticleconcentratesontheshareoptionaccountingasshareoptionsareaninternationalpervasivefmofr

6、emunerationbecauseshareoptionshavecomeinfsomecriticismoptionsinvolvetheuseofequityinstruments.Itisimptanttonoteattheoutsetthatsomesharebasedpaymentschemeswillinvolvetherecognitionofaliabilityratherthantherecognitionofani

7、temthataffects“equity”.Whatareemployeeshareoptions3priceisdescribedastheoption’sintrinsicvalue.Whenthesharepriceislessthantheexercisepricetheoptionis“outofthemoney”theintrinsicvalueoftheoptioniszero.Impactoncompanies’pro

8、fitsTheimpactonNewZealcompanies’profitsislikelytobequitesmallastypicallyemployeeoptionsoutstingifanyareaverysmallproptionofthetotaldinarysharesoutsting–inthederof1%2%atmost.HoweverintheUSparticularlyincertainsectsoftheec

9、onomytheimpactofexpensingoptionswillbelarge.ABearStearns’researchteamestimatedthattheimpactoncompaniesintheStardPo’s500indexwouldbetoslicefivepercentoffposttaxincomeifthosecompanieshadexpensedoptionsin2004.Fthetop100comp

10、aniesontheNasdaqtheimpactwouldbe22%onaverage.ThereptindicatedthatIntel’sincomewouldhaveped17%ifithadexpensedemployeestockoptionsCisco’sprofitwouldhavefallen24%.Unsurprisinglytheinfmationtechnologysectcompanieshavebeenstr

11、onglyopposedtoexpensingstockoptions.Sohavebiotechnologycompanies.Manyofthecompaniesinthesesectswillbestartupswillhavenegativecashflowhencewillneedtogobacktofinanciersfromtimetotimewillrelyextensivelyonoptionsinremunerati

12、ngemployees.Thosecompanieswouldnotbeenamouredwiththeprospectofreptingevenbiggerlossesasaconsequenceofexpensingoptionsastheymightfeelitwillimpactontheirbilitytoraiseadditionalcapital.Furthertheyhavearguedthatthereisnosati

13、sfactywaytodeterminethefairvalueoftheoptionsinthefirstplace.WhatdoesthenewstardrequireIFRS2indicatesthatthereisanamountthatoughttoberecognizedasanexpense.Theexpenseisbasedonthefairvalueoftheservicesprovidedifthatcannotbe

14、donetheexpenseisbasedonthefairvalueoftheoptionsgranted.Asitisvirtuallyimpossibletoassessthefairvalueoftheservicesprovidedbytheemployeethenmalmethodofdeterminingexpenseistherefegoingtobethefairvalueoftheoptionsactuallygra