[教育]英美文學(xué)欣賞資料-tessofthed39;urbervill

1、,王儷穎,Welcome to my class report,Tess of the d'Urbervilles,By Thomas Hardy,The introduction of the author,Thomas Hardy(2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist, in the trad

2、ition of George Eliot, he was also influenced both in his novels and poetry by Romanticism, especially by William Wordsworth.Charles Dickens is another important influence on Thomas Hardy.Like Charles Dickens he was also

3、 highly critical of much in Victorian society, though Hardy focussed more on a declining rural society. While Hardy wrote poetry throughout his life, and regarded himself primarily as a poet, his first collection was not

4、 published until 1898. Initially therefore he gained fame as the author of such novels as Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1

5、895). However, since the 1950s Hardy has been recognized as a major poet, and had a significant influence on The Movement poets of the 1950s and 1960s, including Phillip Larkin and Elizabeth Jennings,,Tess of the d'U

6、rbervilles: A Pure Woman, Tess of the d'Urbervilles or just Tess, is a novel by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1891. It initially appeared in a censored and serialised version, published by the British illustrated

7、newspaper, The Graphic.Though now considered an important work of English literature, the book received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual mores of Hardy's day. The origina

8、l manuscript is on display at the British Library,showing that it was originally titled "Daughter of the d'Urbervilles." In 2003, the novel was listed at number 26 on the BBC's survey The Big Read.,Summ

9、ary of the novel,Phase the First: The Maiden (1–11)Phase the Second: Maiden No More (12–15)Phase the Third: The Rally (16–24)Phase the Fourth: The Consequence (25–34)Phase the Fifth: The Woman Pays (35–44)Phase the

10、Sixth: The Convert (45–52)Phase the Seventh: Fulfilment (53–59),Symbolism and themes,,,Hardy's writing often illustrates the "ache of modernism", and this theme is notable in Tess, which, as one criti

11、c noted,portrays "the energy of traditional ways and the strength of the forces that are destroying them". Hardy describes modern farm machinery with infernal imagery; also, at the dairy, he notes that the milk

12、 sent to the city must be watered down because the townspeople cannot stomach whole milk. Angel's middle-class fastidiousness makes him reject Tess, a woman whom Hardy often portrays as a sort of Wesse

13、x Eve, in harmony with the natural world. When he parts from her and goes to Brazil, the handsome young man gets so ill that he is reduced to a "mere yellow skeleton. All these instances are typically interpret

14、ed as indications of the negative consequences of man's separation from nature, both in the creation of destructive machinery and in the inability to rejoice in pure nature. Tess is not a peasant, she is a school edu

15、cated member of the rural working class: she suffers a tragedy through being thwarted, in her aspirations to rise and her desire for a good life (among which is love and sex), not by "industrialism" but by the

16、landed bourgeoisie (Alec), liberal idealism (Angel) and Christian moralism in her family's village,,Another important theme of the novel is the sexual double standard to which Tess falls victim; despite bei

17、ng, in Hardy's view, a truly good woman, she is despised by society after losing her virginity before marriage. Hardy plays the role of Tess's only true friend and advocate, pointedly subtitling the book "a

18、pure woman faithfully presented" and prefacing it with Shakespeare's words from The Two Gentlemen of Verona: "Poor wounded name! My bosom as a bed/ Shall lodge thee." However, although Hardy

19、clearly means to criticise Victorian notions of female purity, the double standard also makes the heroine's tragedy possible, and thus serves as a mechanism of Tess's broader fate. Hardy variously hints

20、 that Tess must suffer either to atone for the misdeeds of her ancestors, or to provide temporary amusement for the gods, or because she possesses some small but lethal character flaw inherited from t

21、he ancient clan.,,From numerous pagan and neo-Biblical references made about her, Tess has been viewed variously as an Earth goddess or as a sacrificial victim.Early in the novel, she participates in a fes

22、tival for Ceres, the goddess of the harvest, and when she performs a baptism she chooses a passage from Genesis, the book of creation, over more traditional New Testament verses. At the end,

23、 when Tess and Angel come to Stonehenge, commonly believed in Hardy's time to be a pagan temple, she willingly lies down on an altar, thus fulfilling her destiny as a human sacrifice.,,This symbolism may he

24、lp explain Tess as a personification of nature — lovely, fecund, and exploitable — while animal imagery throughout the novel strengthens the association. Examples are numerous: Tess's misfortunes begin when she falls

25、 asleep while driving Prince to market, thus causing the horse's death; at Trantridge, she becomes a poultry-keeper; she and Angel fall in love amid cows in the fertile Froom valley; and on the road to Flintcombe-Ash

26、e, she kills some wounded pheasants to end their suffering. In any event, Tess emerges as a character not because of this symbolism but because "Hardy's feelings for Tess were strong, perhaps stronger

27、than for any of his other invented personages".,the film,Tess is a 1979 romance film directed by Roman Polanski, an adaptation of Thomas Hardy's 1891 novel Tess of the d'

28、Urbervilles.[1] It tells the story of a strong-willed, young peasant girl (played by Nastassja Kinski) who finds out she has title connections by way of her old aristocratic surname and who is raped by her weal

29、thy cousin (Leigh Lawson), whose right to the family title may not be as strong as he claims. The screenplay was by Gérard Brach, John Brownjohn, and Roman Polanski. The film won three Academy Awards and was no