gmat寫作argument滿分范文

1、二二AnalysisAnalysisofofArgumentArgumentQuestionsQuestions1.ThefollowingappearedaspartofanannualreptsenttostockholdersbyOlympicFoodsaprocessoffrozenfoods.“Overtimethecostsofprocessinggodownbecauseasganizationslearnhowtodot

2、hingsbettertheybecomemeefficient.Incolfilmprocessingfexamplethecostofa3by5inchprintfellfrom50centsffivedayservicein1970to20centsfonedayservicein1984.Thesameprincipleappliestotheprocessingoffood.sinceOlympicFoodswillsoonc

3、elebrateitstwentyfifthbirthdaywecanexpectthatourlongexperiencewillenableustominimizecoststhusmaximizeprofits.”下面摘自一家冷凍食品處理商（process）奧林匹克食品提交給股東的年報：隨著時間流逝，由于機構(gòu)了解了做好事情的方法進而提高了效率，處理的成本會降低。比如在彩色膠卷處理方面，35英寸照片的成本從1970年的5天50cen

4、t降至1984年的1天20cent。同樣的規(guī)律適用于食品處理方面。由于奧林匹克食品即將慶祝它的25歲生日，我們可以指望我們長期的經(jīng)驗會使我們達到最小的成本和最大的利潤。1.falseanalogy:Thefoodindustryisnotanalogoustothecolfilmindustry.2.causaloversimplification:Otherfactsthatmaycontributettothecostdecline

5、oftheprintingcostshouldbeconsideredruledout.3.gratuitousassumption:Theconclusionoftheargumentisbasedonagratuitousassumptionthatthecompanycanminimizecostmaximizeprofitbecausethecompanyhasbeenconductedf25years.1.錯誤類比：colfi

6、lmprocessing和processingoffood不相同。problemsofspoilagecontaminationtimelytransptation都只影響food不影響film.2.同時，忽略他因。是否是因為組織更有效率才使COST下降的？很可能是materialnecessaryftheprocess下降了價錢。所以，兩者更不同。3.gratuitousassumption：二十五年不代表學(xué)到了很多。很可能什么都沒學(xué)

7、到，或者技術(shù)已經(jīng)outofdate.Citingfactsdrawnfromthecolfilmprocessingindustrythatindicateadownwardtrendinthecostsoffilmprocessingovera24yearperiodtheautharguesthatOlympicFoodswilllikewisebeabletominimizecoststhusmaximizeprofitsinth

8、efuture.Insupptofthisconclusiontheauthcitesthegeneralprinciplethat“asganizationslearnhowtodothingsbettertheybecomemeefficient.”ThisprinciplecoupledwiththefactthatOlympicFoodshashad25yearsofexperienceinthefoodprocessingin

9、dustryleadstotheauth’srosyprediction.Thisargumentisunconvincingbecauseitsuffersfromtwocriticalflaws.Firsttheauth’sfecastofminimalcostsmaximumprofitsrestsonthegratuitousassumptionthatOlympicFoods’“l(fā)ongexperience”hastaught

10、ithowtodothingsbetter.Thereishowevernoguaranteethatthisisthecase.Ndoestheauthciteanyevidencetosupptthisassumption.JustaslikelyOlympicFoodshaslearnednothingfromits25yearsinthefoodprocessingbusiness.Lackingthisassumptionth

11、eexpectationofincreasedefficiencyisentirelypanyrepresentativeswouldhavetotraveltodobusinessinareasfmerlyservedbyafieldofficecreatingtravelcostslossofcriticaltime.Inshtthisassumptionmustbesupptedwithathoughcostbenefitanal

12、ysisofcentralizationversusotherpossiblecostcuttingprofitenhancingstrategies.SecondtheonlyreasonofferedbytheauthistheclaimthatApogeewasmeprofitablewhenithadoperatedfromasinglecentralizedlocation.Butiscentralizationtheonly

13、differencerelevanttogreaterpastprofitabilityItisentirelypossiblethatmanagementhasbecomelaxregardinganynumberoffactsthatcanaffectthebottomlinesuchasinferiproductscarelessproductpricinginefficientproductionpoemployeeexpens

14、eaccountmonitingineffectiveadvertisingsloppy肥大的buyingpoliciesotherwastefulspending.Unlesstheauthcanruleoutotherfactsrelevanttodiminishingprofitsthisargumentcommitsthefallacyofassumingthatjustbecauseoneevent(decreasingpro

15、fits)followsanother(decentralization)thesecondeventhasbeencausedbythefirst.Inconclusionthisisaweakargument.TostrengthentheconclusionthatApogeeshouldclosefieldofficescentralizethisauthmustprovideathoughcostbenefitanalysis

16、ofavailablealternativesruleoutfactsotherthandecentralizationthatmightbeaffectingcurrentprofitsnegatively.6.Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinamagazinedevotedtoregionallife.“CpationsshouldlooktothecityofHelioswhensee

17、kingnewbusinessopptunitiesanewlocation.EvenintherecentrecessionHelios’sunemploymentratewaslowerthantheregionalaverage.Itistheindustrialcenteroftheregionhisticallyithasprovidedmethanitsshareoftheregion’smanufacturingjobs.

18、InadditionHeliosisattemptingtoexpitseconomicbasebyattractingcompaniesthatfocusonresearchdevelopmentofinnovativetechnologies.”一份面向地方生活的雜志上的一篇文章：企業(yè)在尋找新的商機或位置時應(yīng)該去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失業(yè)率也比地區(qū)平均水平低，它是地區(qū)的工業(yè)中心，歷史上它提供的比它在地區(qū)制

19、造業(yè)工作中分享的份額中更多。而且，Helios正試圖通過吸引研究和發(fā)展革新技術(shù)的公司來擴張它的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)。1.作者認為應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)建廠理由是這里的失業(yè)率很高。但是卻沒有給出因果關(guān)系。作者認為應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)建廠理由是這里的失業(yè)率很高。但是卻沒有給出因果關(guān)系。從常理來看這是沒有道理的因為失業(yè)率高的地方可能更難雇傭到雇員從而使成本從常理來看這是沒有道理的因為失業(yè)率高的地方可能更難雇傭到雇員從而使成本增加。增加。2.作者認為該地區(qū)會鼓勵研發(fā)，所以應(yīng)

20、該到該地區(qū)投資。但事實上就象作者說的那作者認為該地區(qū)會鼓勵研發(fā)，所以應(yīng)該到該地區(qū)投資。但事實上就象作者說的那樣該地區(qū)是制造業(yè)中心怎么可能有很多對技術(shù)和科研很熟練的人員。樣該地區(qū)是制造業(yè)中心怎么可能有很多對技術(shù)和科研很熟練的人員。1，因為H地區(qū)industrialmanufacturing比較attractive，所以那里的工人很可能只適合做這類的，如果缺乏能夠做innovativetechnologiesresearch的工人labpo