醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的詞綴類別

1、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的詞綴類別,,1. …..炎: the inflammation of …// -itis,肝炎，動(dòng)脈炎，扁桃體炎， 血管炎，腎炎，喉氣管支氣管炎，胰腺炎，盲腸炎， 卵巢炎，毛囊炎，結(jié)腸炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，腦炎，心內(nèi)膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全關(guān)節(jié)炎，肺炎。,,hepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver arteritis動(dòng)脈炎; arter/o: artery tonsillitis扁桃體炎; to

2、nsill/o: tosilvasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vesselnephritis腎炎; nephr/o: kidney,,laryngeotracheobronchitis喉氣管支氣管炎; (larynx) ( trachea) (bronchus)pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas cecitis盲腸炎; cec/o: ce

3、cum,ceca ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; ovary=oophron,,folliculitis毛囊炎; follicul/o: follicle colitis=colonitis結(jié)腸炎; col/o: colonprostatitis前列腺炎; prostat/o: prostatecystitis膀胱炎; cyst/o: bladder, cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰質(zhì)炎; poli

4、-: grey; myel/o: bone marrow, spinal cord(骨髓),,cephalitis腦炎; cephal/o: head endocarditis心內(nèi)膜炎; cardi/o: heart pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura synovitis滑膜炎; synov/o: synoviapanarthritis全關(guān)節(jié)炎;pan-: all; arthr/o:

5、 joint pneumonia肺炎,2. …痛…,headache, stomachache ….the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynia神經(jīng)痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛， 足痛風(fēng)， 胃痛，關(guān)節(jié)痛， 頭痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，劍突痛,,neuralgia神經(jīng)痛; neur/o: nerve; thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛; pector/o:

6、thorac/o: chest mastoidalgia乳突痛; mastoid:乳突 mastalgia乳痛; mast/o: breast algometer測(cè)痛儀,,cardiodynia心痛podagra or podalgia足痛風(fēng); pod/o:foot; gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomacharthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛; arthr/o: jointc

7、ephalodynia頭痛; cephal/o: headabdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen,,skelalgia腿痛; skel/o: skelos, legsternodynia胸骨痛; stern/o:sternum, breat bonexiphoidalgia, xiphodynia劍突

8、痛; xiphoid/o: xiph/o: xiphoid,3..…術(shù)…operation of….,縫合術(shù)， 固定術(shù)， 切除術(shù)， 切開術(shù)，造口術(shù)，穿刺術(shù)，碎石術(shù)，折骨術(shù)， 灌洗術(shù)， 成形術(shù)，結(jié)扎術(shù)， 造影術(shù),,縫合術(shù):-orraphy aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;動(dòng)脈瘤縫術(shù) aneurysm:動(dòng)脈瘤切除術(shù): ectomy: removal pharyngecto

9、my咽切除 pharyng/o: pharynx;,,固定術(shù): -pexy: fixing hysteropexy(fixing); hysteropexia(fixing) 子宮固定術(shù) hyster, uterus, womb (子宮) rectopexy直腸固定術(shù) rect/o: rectum,,appendectomy: 闌尾切除術(shù)

10、 append/o: appendic/o: appendix闌尾 gastrectomy: 胃切除術(shù)； gastr/o: gaster; stomach splenectomy: 脾切除術(shù)； splen/o：spleen,,切開術(shù): -tomy: process of cutting tracheotomy:氣管切開； trache/o: trachea;w

11、indpipe 氣管 hysterotomy: 子宮切開； craniotomy: 顱骨切開； crani/o: cranium, skull,,nephrotomy:腎切開術(shù); nephr/o: ren/o: kidneyceliotomy 剖腹術(shù)celi/o: abdomen; belly結(jié)扎術(shù): -desis： binding together aneurysmodesis: 動(dòng)脈瘤結(jié)扎,,切器，切刀

12、-tome: instrument for cutting thoracotome開胸刀； thorac/o: thorax, chest胸碎石術(shù):-tripsy：crushing lithotripsy：碎石術(shù) ； lith/o: stone :結(jié)石,,造口/吻合術(shù): ostomy: process of making an opening or a connect

13、ion between…) gastrostomy胃造口術(shù) esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合術(shù) esophagus:食管(a?s?f?g?s) duodenoenterostomy: 十二指腸吻合術(shù) duoden/o: duodenum十二指腸； enter/o:intestine; small intestine 腸，小腸,,穿刺術(shù): -centesis:surg

14、ical puncture to withdraw fluid; 或者 –nyxis: pricking穿刺 amniocentesis :羊膜穿刺術(shù) amni/o:amnion羊膜 hyalnyxis: 玻璃體穿刺術(shù); hyal/o:glass, glasslike, transparent玻片樣的; 透明的,,折(骨)術(shù): -clasia：fracture， breaking ost

15、eoclasia：折骨術(shù) oste/o: bone 灌洗術(shù): -clysis：washing bronchoclysis：支氣管灌洗術(shù)； bronch/o:bronchus支氣管,,造影術(shù): -graphy: process of recording arteriography: 動(dòng)脈造影；arteri/o: artery phlebography： 靜脈造影

16、 phleb/o ven/o:vein angiography: 血管造影 angi/o: vessel vas/o: vessel 血管，輸精管 nephrography: 腎造影 nephr/o: kidney,,成形術(shù): -plasty: surgical reshapingvalvoplasty: 瓣膜成形術(shù); valv/o: valve瓣膜 osteplasty骨成形術(shù)； myopla

17、sty 肌成形術(shù) my/o: muscle肌整形術(shù)：ortho-: straight; orthopedic 整形外科的； orthopod整形外科醫(yī)生； orthotherapy整形療法,4.方位/時(shí)間方面的詞綴,上： upper//superior; epi-; supra- epithelium上皮組織； supracostal上肋的； cost/o: rib肋

18、骨 epicondyle上髁; condyle:髁 supercerebellar小腦上的; cerebell/o: cerebellum下：lower//inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin infratracheal氣管下的; trachea=windpipe,,前：front//anterior//prior// fore-; a

19、nte-; pre-; antero- forehead前額； anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬變 antepartal產(chǎn)前的; part/o: give birth prodroma//prodrome前驅(qū)癥狀: an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is

20、about to occur,,后：back//posterior// post-; retro- postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver; postprandial餐后的； prand/o:meals retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heartpostpharyngeal咽后的 ; pharyng/o: pharynx咽,,內(nèi)：inner//internal// in-; endo-;

21、 ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢； -scopy：visual exam entocranial顱內(nèi)的；crani/o: skull, cranium intra-arachnoid 珠網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)的 encelitis內(nèi)臟炎; celi/o: abdomen腹腔,,外：outer//external//ex-; exo-; ult

22、ra-； extra-； extract抽出； exhale呼出 excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的 ultraviolet紫外線; ultra-: beyond 腹膜外的:extraperitoneal; peritoneum腹膜,,間：inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉間的； intercostal肋間的 interchondral軟骨間的; ch

23、ondr/o: chartilage軟骨,,副，旁： on the side of; para-; parathyroid甲狀旁腺 pararenal腎旁的 ren/o： kidneyparenteral腸胃外的; enter/o: intestine, small intestine,,反； 對(duì)立： opposite; conter-; contra-; counterpart對(duì)等物或人； count

24、ershock抗休克 contraindication禁忌癥,,全： pan-: whole, all pancarditis全心肌炎; pancolectomy泛結(jié)腸切除；col/o:colon結(jié)腸 panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid; midabdomen中腹部中心：central; centri-, centra-; centro- centrifugation離心；

25、 centralize v. centronucleus中心核,,周：around; peri-; perioperative手術(shù)期間的， peritoneum腹膜 periadenitis腺周炎; aden/o: gland pericarditis心包炎,5.顏色方面的詞綴,顏色：colour, chrom-; chromo-; chromat/o; chromosome染色體； -some: body

26、 chromatin染色板 chromatometer比色計(jì); -meter: instrument for measuring,,白：white； leuk/o: alb/o:, albin/o: album-: leukocyte白細(xì)胞； leukemia白血病 leukocyteuria尿白細(xì)胞癥 albinism白化病 albumin白蛋白; leukoderma白斑; derm/o: skin

27、 leukonychia白甲; onych/o: nail leukopoiesis白細(xì)胞生成(-poiesis: 生成production,formation,,黑：black; melano-; melanoderma黑皮病 melanoma黑色瘤 melanin黑色素; -in: substance(…素) melanosarcoma黑肉瘤; sarc/o:flesh nigrometer黑度計(jì); n

28、igr/o: nigra(黑質(zhì)),,,紫：purple purpura紫癜粉色：pink; pink frothy sputum粉紅色泡沫痰青銅色：bronzed bronzed diabetes青銅色糖尿病,,棕色：brown; brown mixture甘草合劑 brown sugar紅糖橙色：orange; ethyl orange乙基橙藍(lán)色：blue； cyan/o： cyanh

29、idrosis (藍(lán))汗癥 hidr/o: sweat cyanosis紫紺； cyanopsia藍(lán)視癥 cyanemia藍(lán)血癥,,紅色： red； erythro-; rub/o; erythema紅斑(Greek) erythroderma=erytherodermia; 紅皮病 erythromycin紅霉素; myc/o: fungus霉菌 rubefaction發(fā)紅(皮膚發(fā)紅)

30、 n. erythrochloropia紅綠視癥; chlor/o: green -opia: vision bilirubin=cholerythrin膽紅素; chol/o:, bil/o: bile,,erythrocyte紅細(xì)胞 erythrocyturia血尿 erythrometer紅細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)灰色：grey; poli-； poliomyeli

31、tis骨髓灰質(zhì)炎; myel/o: bone marrow,,青： glauc/o: greenish, grey glaucoma青光眼; glaucobilin膽青素; bil/o: bile chloroquine氯奎 chlorophyll葉綠素;-phyll: leaf,,黃色：yellow; xantho-;xanthoma黃瘤; xanth/o: yellowxanthine黃

32、嘌呤jaundice黃疸xanthosis黃疸xanthoma脂肪性纖維瘤,6.臟器方面的詞綴,心 heart, cardio- carditis 心臟炎； cardiopuncture心穿刺術(shù) cardiology 心臟病學(xué)； cardiologist腦 brain encephalo-； cerebral cerebrum大腦； encephalitis大腦炎 cerebellum小腦； c

33、erebritis小腦炎,,肺 lung pulmon-： pulmonary pulmonitis 肺炎； pneumonia肺炎pulmonectomy肺切除；pulmonology肺學(xué)肝liver，hepato-； heptatic hepatitis肝炎； hepatology肝學(xué) hepatobiliary 肝膽的； bil/o: bile,,胃 stomach， gastro-； gastric ga

34、stritis 胃炎； gastrointestinal胃腸的 gastrology胃學(xué)膽gallbladder ; chol/o: biliary, bile cholecystits 膽囊炎; cyst/o: cyst, urinary bladder囊， 膀胱 cholecyst 膽囊； gall-stone膽結(jié)石,,腸 intestine； entero-； intestinal

35、enteritis腸炎； enterectomy腸切除脾spleen splen/o: spleen; splenalgia脾痛 –algia: pain splenectomy 脾切除術(shù)胰腺pancreas， panreatic； pancreat/o: pancreatits胰腺炎； pancreatopathy胰病,,腎 kidney； nephro-； rena-； nephritis腎炎； n

36、ephropathy腎病 renal failure腎衰竭； renal portal vein腎門靜脈血 blood hem/o:; hemat/o: hematology 血液學(xué)； hemoglobin血紅蛋白 hematoma 血腫； hemorrhage 出血，失血,,血管 blood vessel； vaso-； cardiovasology心血管學(xué)； cerebrovascular腦血管的靜脈vein

37、； ven-； venography靜脈造影； intravenous靜脈注射的； 靜脈內(nèi)的 venoconstriction靜脈收縮； venodilation靜脈擴(kuò)張,,動(dòng)脈artery； arterio-； arteriology動(dòng)脈學(xué)； arteriole小動(dòng)脈 arteriosclerosis動(dòng)脈硬化肌肉muscle； my/o: muscle myology 肌肉學(xué)； myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bon

38、e marrow； myel/o: myelitis骨髓炎； myeloma骨髓瘤,,神經(jīng) nerve； neur/o: neuro- neurology 神經(jīng)學(xué)； neuritis神經(jīng)炎 neuron神經(jīng)元 細(xì)胞cell； cyte-； -cyte cytology細(xì)胞學(xué)； leukocyte白細(xì)胞 cytoma細(xì)胞瘤,,尿urine uro- ； ur- urology泌尿?qū)W； urosurgery泌尿手術(shù) ur

39、ogenital 泌尿生殖的體 body， somat/o: -some somatology 軀體學(xué)； somatopsychic身心的 chromosome染色體,7.與檢查有關(guān)的詞綴,鏡檢：-scopy鏡檢法; scope鏡 gastroscopy 胃鏡法； celioscope；laparoscope體腔鏡； 腹腔鏡 celi/o: lapar/o: abodomen, belly peritone

40、oscopy腹膜鏡檢法 cardioscope心臟檢查鏡，,,量具：-meter: instrument for measuring cardiometer心力計(jì)； thermometer溫度計(jì) blood pressure meter血壓計(jì) densimeter密度計(jì)； density密度,,心電圖： electrocardiogram =ECG; eletrocardiograph心電圖儀腦電圖: electroenc

41、ephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonicCT：computerized tomography計(jì)算機(jī)x射線斷層同位素:isotope; isotopic examination 同位素檢查,,尿檢 urine analysis血常規(guī) blood routine,8.數(shù)字方面的詞綴,一： mon/o: uni- Monday; carbon monoxideunidirection單向的

42、 monoclone單克隆,,二：bi-； di- bilateral兩側(cè)的 biphasic雙向性的 carbon dioxide dipoptide二肽,,三： tri- trilateral三邊的 tricycle四： tetra- tetracycline四環(huán)素 tetraplegia四癱 tetramer 四聚物,,五：penta- Pentagon五邊形 pentachromic五色的 penta

43、chloride五氯化鈉六：hexa- hexachromic六色的 benzene hexachloride 六氯化苯（六六六）,,七：hepta-; sept/o: seven; septum (隔膜) heptachromic七色的 heptaploid七倍體 septangle 七邊形； septotomy 房隔切開術(shù) septostomy 房隔造口術(shù),,八：octa- octahedral八面體的

44、octal system八進(jìn)制,,九：nona- nonapeptide九肽 nonagon九邊形十：deca- decade十年 decagram十克 deciliter十分升,,多： poly-； multi-； polyuria多尿； polymer聚合體 polyopia復(fù)視癥；multimedia polyp=polypus息肉; pus:膿polyoposia飲水過多; -posia: drinking

45、polyphagia貪食癥(雜食); phag/o: eating,,少：-penia： -penic ：deficiency,lack ； olig/o: deficiency, few →agranulocytopenia粒細(xì)胞缺乏癥 →oliguria小便減少; →hypomenorrhea=oligomenorrhea月經(jīng)過少; (men/o: menstruation; -rrhea

46、: flow, discharge) →osteopenia骨質(zhì)稀少,,大：macro-; -megaly macronucleus巨核；macrophage巨噬細(xì)胞splenomegaly脾腫大；hepatmegaly肝腫大小: micro-; -let microorganism； microscopy micronucleus微核； droplet小滴； platelet血小板 leaflet小葉；

47、 booklet小冊(cè),,肥大: hypertrophy: -trophy: nourishiment萎縮: atrophy下垂: hypophysis: physis: growth eg. cerebri hypophysis: 腦垂體 pharyngeal hypophysis: 咽垂體,9. 其他方面的詞綴,1.怕， 畏懼 –phobia: fear photophobia phot/o:li

48、ght畏光 noctophobia; noct/o: night怕黑hydraphobia恐水癥(狂犬病) hydro-water xenophobia怕生客; xen/o: stranger,,困難 dys-： bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障礙; dyspepsia消化不良 peps/o：digestion dyspn

49、ea呼吸困難 -pnea：breathing dysuria排尿困難dystrophy; -trophy: nourishment營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良,,dystocia難產(chǎn) -tocia： birth dystopia=dystopy異位, 錯(cuò)位 top/o：positiondysplasia發(fā)育不良; plas/o: -plasia: formation, growth, development hypogenesis (forma

50、tion)發(fā)育不全,,不良 mal-： bad malnutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良； malpractice事故 malfunction機(jī)能障礙 malignant惡性的maladministration管理不善,,好， 正， eu-： good eupepsia消化良好（正常） peps/o: digestion eutopic正位的: top/o: position, location eutocia順產(chǎn)(正常分娩

51、; -tocia//-toscin: labour, delivery 分娩 euesthesia感覺良好（正常） : esthesi/o:feeling eugenic優(yōu)生的adj. eugenics優(yōu)生學(xué); gen/o: producing euthanasia安樂死; -thanasia: death,,瘤，腫塊 –oma: tumor; cancer; swe

52、lling lymphoma淋巴瘤； adenoma腺瘤 hematoma血腫血癥 –emia： blood condition leukemia白血??； septisemia敗血癥 bacteremial菌血癥 anemia貧血 an-：without,,高：hyper- ：high，above; hyperdynamia: 肌力過度; hypertension高血壓（ high blood pressure）

53、 hypertonia張力/壓力過高 hypertonic adj. hypersensitive hyperplasia增生 -plasia： growth,,低：hypo-; low; below hypotonia hypotonic張力/壓力過低（的） hypodynamia乏力（力不足）; dynam/o: power, force; dynamic adj. dynamics

54、 hypotension ;low blood pressure, hyposensitive,,急促： tachy-: quick tachypnea 呼吸急促 tachycardia(心動(dòng)過速)急性：acute attack急性發(fā)作急診：emergency慢性：chronic,,麻痹 –plegia: being senseless；paralysis hemiplegia 半身不遂；panpleg

55、ia全身癱瘓 pan-：whole myoplegia肌癱 facioplegia面癱,,壞死 –necrosis：death，necro-；death hepatonecrosis肝壞死； necrospermia死精癥； osteonecrosis骨壞死; oste/o: bone,,流出 –rrhea： flowing； bursti

56、ng out diarrhea 腹瀉； menorrhea行經(jīng)(flow, discharge) hemorrhage出血(bursting forth of blood) entorrhagia內(nèi)出血(bursting forth of blood) ent/o: inside, inner,,狹窄 -stenosis: narrowing arteriostenosis動(dòng)脈狹窄軟化 –malaci

57、a; softening cerebromalacia腦軟化 cerebr/o: cerebrum, brain,,硬化 -sclerosis: hardening cerebrosclerosis腦硬化 疏松-porosis: passage osteoporosis(passage)骨質(zhì)疏松擴(kuò)張,增大-ectasis: dilation,stretching bronchiecta

58、sis支氣管擴(kuò)張,,止血 -schesis ：holding back, suppression of discharge) hemoschesis閉塞： rhinocleisis(closure, blockage閉) rhinocleisis鼻腔堵塞； rhin/o： nose,,沖洗 –clysis: washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻沖洗 彎曲 -cyllosis: -cyrtos

59、is: crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂彎曲brachi/o:brachium, arm;,,療法：-therapy radiotherapy放療; radiotherapist(放療專家) chemotherapy化療 physiotherapy理療 psychotherapy心理療法 therapist治療師,,無(wú)， 沒有 a- an-: without atypical

60、 非典型性的 asexual無(wú)性的 asymptomatic無(wú)癥狀的 anemia貧血 anorexia厭食癥 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感覺缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception,,肥胖: fat?? obese adj. obesity n.夜間盜汗; night sweats 血常規(guī): routine blood test,,休克: shock:

61、(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor(蒼白); "loss of bloo

62、d is an important cause of shock",,中風(fēng):卒中（拉丁語(yǔ)） stroke cerebrovascular accident ( CVA) apoplexy: a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion/closure/blockage of a blood vessel

63、leads to oxygen lack in the brain,,假卒中，pseudoapoplexy; pseud/o: false痙攣: spasm： a painful and involuntary muscular contraction/constriction尸體解剖: autopsy=autopsia; -opsy: -opsia: view (an examination and dissection of

64、a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease ),,舞蹈病: chorea: degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs 假舞蹈病:pseudochorea嗜鈣 : calciphilia;

65、 calc/o: calcium; -philia: love , attraction,,創(chuàng)傷（損傷）: trauma n. traumatic adj.水腫: swelling ?? edema: swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue 疹子 : eruption:

66、 1. the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material 2.symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible,,厭油膩: being tired of // dislike of oil ???

67、 satiety: the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more 惡心: nausea: (sickness) the state that precedes vomiting,,脫水: dehydration: dryness/waterlessness resulting from the removal of water hy

68、dr/o: water 潰瘍: ulcer: a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating (causing to ripen and discharge pus ) lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue,,指壓性的: pitting; pit ：ho