能源技術(shù)在渠道內(nèi)競爭的影響[外文翻譯]

1、畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）外文翻譯一、外文原文標(biāo)題：SourcesofPower:TheirImpactonIntrachannelConflict原文：TheChannelofDistributionConflictbetweenchannelmembersABisinevitablewhenABarefunctionallyinterdependent.Infranchisechannelsofdistributionthereisahigh

2、degreeoffunctionalinterdependencebetweenthefranchis(A)franchisee(B).Giventhishighdegreeoffunctionalinterdependencethepotentialfconflictdevelopmentishigh.Alsofranchisechannelsofdistributionhavewelldefinedpowerstructuresin

3、whichthebalanceofpowerisweightedheavilyinfavofthefranchisThefranchisechannelfthedistributionofautomobileswasedfstudy.Thischannelisacterizedbyfrequentvisibleconflicts.Inadditionthereisadefinitebalanceofpowerinfavofthemanu

4、facturerwhichisinpartduetothefranchisecontract.Howeverduringthelast20yearsdealershaveattemptedtoequalizethisbalanceofpowerbylobbyinghaveobtainedbothnationalstatelegislation.Duringthetimethisstudywasconducted(NovemberDece

5、mber1974)theautomobileindustrywasinaneconomicdepressiontherefetheoveralllevelofconflictinthechannelprobablywasintensified.Theincreasedconflictwasdueinparttothetechnologicalproductionacteristicsoftheindustrywhichrequiresh

6、ighoutputtoattainlowunitcosts.Manyeconomistssuggestthatproductioneconomiesarenotexhausteduntilafirmattainsanoutputoffrom600000to1000000units[23chapterVI].Fthedistributionofautomobilestheeconomiesofscaleareevengreater.Pas

7、higianfindsthatperunitdistributioncostsarestilldecliningassalesreach1.8millionunits.Giventhisincentivetoproduceinlargequantitiesmanufacturersfinditnecessarytopressuredealerstoacceptmecarsthantheydesireinslowtimes.Thusani

8、nherentconflictisbuiltintothesystembecausethemanufacturersmeansofmaintainingprofitsresultsindecliningprofitsfthedealers.Ofthemanypossiblesourcesofpowerfivehavebeendefinedwhichseemcommonimptant:rewardlegitimatereferentexp

9、ertcoercive.Thecoercivesourcecanbedifferentiatedfromtheothersbecauseitaloneinvolvespotentialpunishmenttherefetheindividualbegrudginglyyieldspowertoanother.Theotherfoursourcesarenoncoercivebecausetheindividualwillinglyyie

10、ldspowertoanother.Becauseotherresearchershavepointedouttheextremedifficultyofempiricallydifferentiatingthevariousnoncoercivesourcesofpowerbecausethevariouspowersourcesdichotomizemeaningfullyintocoercivenoncoercivetypesth

11、epresentresearchinvolvesthecoercivenoncoerciveclassificationschema.HoweverbycombiningexpertrewardreferentfewerlessintenseconflictswithA.ThisoutcomeisduetothenoncoercivepowerofAoverBbeingbasedupon(1)Ahavingtheabilitytomed

12、iaterewardsfB(2)AhavingalegitimaterighttoprescribebehavifB(3)BhavinganidentificationwithA(4)Ahavingsomespecialknowledgeexpertiseinagivenarea.IfAcanmediaterewardsfBthenAhasmelatitudeintakingactionswhichconflictwithBsgoals

13、withoutBengaginginfrequentintenseconflictswithhim.ThenmofreciprocityexplainsinpartwhyBwillengageinfewerlessintenseconflictswithA.Bfeelsobligatedtonotdisagree(conflict)withAbecauseAhasprovidedhimwithrewards.Also“.positive

14、sanctionstendtoenhanceBswillingnesstocooperatewithAinthefuture“.LikewisetotheextentthatBperceivesAasanexpertBwillbelesslikelytoengageinfrequentintenseconflictswithAbecauseBwillbemeinclinedtobelievethatAsactionsaregoodfth

15、echannel(assumingthatBasahighdegreeoftrustinA).Ifthisisthesituationexpertinfluencecanbeaneffectivemeansofreducingconflict.“InasimilarfashionifAhasalegitimaterighttoprescribebehavifBthenBwillengageinfewerlessintenseconfli

16、ctswithAbecauseAhasalegitimaterighttoinfluencehim.ThewritingsofRavenKruglanskisupptthepropositionthatlegitimateinfluencecanbeaneffectivemeansofreducingconflict.FinallyifBhasanidentificationwithAthenhewillwanttoprotecthis

17、goodstingwithAtherefewillengageinlessfrequentintenseconflictswithA.RavenKruglanskistate“.mutualfeelingsofidentificationcanindeedfestalldisagreementconflict.“HuntNevinfoundthatfranchissrelyprimarilyoncoercivesourcesrather

18、thannoncoercivesourcestoachievepowerovertheirfranchisees.Explatyinterviewswithautomobiledealerstendedtoconfirmthisfinding.Ifthisisthecasethenonewouldexpectthatofthetwosourcesofpowercoercivesourceswouldhavethegreatestimpa

19、ctonintrachannelconflict.Fthepurposesofthisstudyconflictwasdefinedoperationallyasthefrequencyofdisagreementbetweenmanufacturerdealerovernumerousissuesasperceivedbythedealer.Initiallyalargenumberofpotentialconflictissuesw

20、ereobtainedbyexplatyinterviewswithdealersothersfamiliarwithmanufacturerdealerproblems.Thislistwasreducedto20issues(TableI)bypretestingoftheitems.Feachofthe20issuesthedealerindicatedwhetherhedisagreedwithhismanufacturerve

21、ryfrequentlyfrequentlyinfrequentlyveryinfrequently.Theamountsbywhichdealersdisagreedwiththeirmanufacturersontheseissuesvariedconsiderably.TableIshowsthefrequencyofdisagreementoverthe20issues.Anindexoftheoveralllevelofint

22、rachannelconflictwasconstructedbysummingtheresponsesoneachofthe20issueshighnumbersindicatedhighfrequencyofdisagreement.Therefetheassumptionismadethatconflictinachannelofdistributionconsistsofadomainofissuesoverwhichthere

23、couldbedisagreementsbetweenchannelmembers.Itshouldbepointedoutthatthemeasureusedattemptstomeasurethefrequencyofmanifestconflicthoweverthescalealsomaybemeasuringsomeaffectiveconflict.Dealersmayhavestrongdisagreementsbutne