清算企業(yè)的盈余管理【外文翻譯】

1、外文文獻翻譯外文文獻翻譯原文：EarningsManagementUsingDiscontinuedOperationsWhenmakingfirmvaluationdecisionsinvestsplaceahighervalueonitemsofincomeexpectedtobepersistentinthefuture.Presumablytoaidusers’valuationdecisionsGAAPgenerallyreq

2、uiresthatmaterialnonrecurringitemsbeseparatelydisclosedinthefinancialstatements.Howevertheseparationofincomeintorecurringnonrecurringcomponentsalsogivesmanagerstheopptunitytomisleadinvestsbymisclassifyingincomeexpenseite

3、ms.Fexampleamanagerwantingtoincreasefirmvaluationcanmisclassifyrecurringexpensesasnonrecurringmisleadinginvestsastothepersistenceoftheincomeincrease.Intheaccountingliteraturethistypeofearningsmanagementiscalledclassifica

4、tionshifting.McVay_2006_discussestworeasonswhyclassificationshiftingcanbearelativelylowcostmethodfmanagingearnings.Firstunlikeaccrualmanagementrealactivitymanipulationthereisno“settlingup”inthefuturefpastearningsmanageme

5、nt.Ifamanagerdecidestoincreaseearningsusingincomeincreasingaccrualsthenatsomepointtheseaccrualsmustreverse.Thereversaloftheseaccrualsreducesfuturereptedearnings.Ifamanagerdecidestoincreaseearningsbymanagingrealactivities

6、suchasreducingresearchdevelopmentexpendituresthenthislikelyleadstofewerincomeproducingprojectsreducedearningsinthefuture.Incontrastclassificationshiftinginvolvessimplyreptingrecurringexpensesinanonrecurringclassification

7、ontheincomestatementhavingnoimplicationsffutureearnings.Secondbecauseclassificationshiftingdoesnotchangeincomeitispotentiallysubjecttolessscrutinybyauditsregulatsthanfmsofearningsmanagementthatchangeincome.Discontinuedop

8、erationsrepresenttheincomecashflowsofaptionofacompanythathasbeen_willbe_discontinuedfromthecontinuingoperationsofthecompany.UnderSFASNo.144thegainlossfdiscontinuedoperationsisreptablesegmentanoperatingsegment_asdefinedby

9、SFASNo.131FASB1997_areptingunit_asdefinedbySFASNo.142FASB2001b_asubsidiaryanassetgroup.Thisreductioninthethresholdfdiscontinuedoperationshasallowedfmeassetdisposalstobeclassifiedasdiscontinuedoperations.ConsequentlytheFA

10、SBmayhaveinadvertentlygivenmanagersmediscretiontomanageearningspotentiallyreducingthequalityofreptedearnings.Inadditiontothe“componentofanentity”requirementSFASNo.144matedtwootherrequirementsfanassetdisposaltoqualifyftre

11、atmentasadiscontinuedoperation.Thefirstrequirementisthattheoperationscashflowsofthecomponentbeingdisposedarecompletelyseparablefromtheseller’scontinuingoperations.Thesecondrequirementisthatthesellerhasnosignificantinvolv

12、ementwiththecomponentafterthesale.IntheytheapplicationoftheserequirementsappearsstraightfwardhoweverSFASNo.144didnotclearlydefinethemeaningofsignificantinvolvement.Inpracticemanyassetdisposalsinvolvecontractualterms:sell

13、erfinancingretainedequitybythesellerroyaltiespaidtothesellerbythebuyerserviceagreementsetc.Theinclusionofthesetermsintheassetdisposalcontractcouldbeinterpretedassignificantinvolvementbytheseller.Indertoprovidebetterguida

14、nceonthemeaningoftheterm“significantinvolvement”theFASBissuedEITF0313_FASB2004_asaguidefdeterminingwhetheranentityretainssignificantinvolvementreceivescashflows.Inshtifafirmreceivesmaterialdirectcashflowsfromthediscontin

15、uedoperationsmaintainssignificantcontinuinginvolvementthenthedisposaldoesnotqualifyasadiscontinuedoperation.EITF0313tookeffectin2005butcouldbeadoptedasearlyas2004.Itshouldbenotedthatwhiletherecognitioncriteriafdiscontinu

16、edoperationsarewelldefinedinGAAPthecoststobeallocatedtothediscontinuedoperationsarenot.Accountingtreatmentfdiscontinuedoperationsisalsoaglobalaccountingissue.SimilartoAPBNo.30IFRS5NonCurrentAssetsHeldfSaleDiscontinuedOpe