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1、0外文翻譯BuildingSustainableganizations:TheHumanFactAlthoughmostoftheresearchpublicpressureconcerningsustainabilityhasbeenfocusedontheeffectsofbusinessganizationalactivityonthephysicalenvironmentcompaniestheirmanagementpract
2、icesprofoundlyaffectthehumansocialenvironmentaswell.Thisarticlebrieflyreviewstheliteratureonthedirectindirecteffectsofganizationstheirdecisionsaboutpeopleonhumanhealthmtality.Itthenconsiderssomepossibleexplanationsfwhyso
3、cialsustainabilityhasreceivedrelativelyshtshriftinmanagementwritingoutlinesaresearchagendafinvestigatingthelinksbetweensocialsustainabilityganizationaleffectivenessaswellastheroleofideologyinunderstingtherelativeneglecto
4、fthehumanfactinsustainabilityresearch.hereisgrowingpublicbusinessinterestinbuildingsustainableganizationsinTcreasingresearcheducationalinterestinthetopicofganizationalsustainability.TheAcademyofManagementhasadivisioncall
5、edganizationstheNaturalEnvironmenttherearenumerousjournalsresearchpapersconcernedwithecologicalsustainability.TherearegrowingnumbersofhighereducationprogramsfocusedonsustainabilityanAssociationftheAdvancementofSustainabi
6、lityinHigherEducation(Fountain2010).MarcusFremeth(2009)notedthatthisenthusiasmfwhattheycalled“greenmanagement”camefrompeople’sexpectationsfhowmanagerstheganizationstheyleadshouldconducttheirbusinesstoprotecttheenvironmen
7、t.AsAmbecLanoie(2008p.46)noted“Firmsarefacinggrowingpressuretobecomegreener.”Asitisoperationalizedintheliteraturesustainabilityisdefinedinpartbyaneffttoconservenaturalresourcesavoidwasteinoperations.Conservationthemeeffi
8、cientuseofresourcesnaturallylessentheburdenofeconomicactivityontheenvironmenthelptoensurethattheactivitycanbesustainedovertimebecausetheresourcesrequiredwillnotbeexhausted.Sustainability2ofmanagementpracticesfeveryindivi
9、dual’shealthwellbeingtherichnessofsociallifeasassessedbyparticipationincivicactivities(e.g.Putnam2000).Environmentalsustainabilityisimptantnothinginthispapershouldbetakentoimplythatthisisnotthecase.Nohelessthisesisonthen
10、aturalenvironmentraisesaniningresearchquestion:WhyarepolarbeainstanceevenmilkjugsmeimptanpeoplenotonlyintermsofresearchattebutalsoasafocusofcompanyinitiativesIn2008DougMcMillon(Colvin2008)theCEOofSam’sClubadivisionofWalM
11、artexpoundedontheinnovationinmilkjugsthefactthathiscompanyhadintroducedanewjugthatwasabletoincreasetheshelflifeofmilkreducethecostbetween1020centseliminatemethan10000deliverytripstherebyconservingenergy.In2005LeeScottWal
12、Mart’sCEOmadethefirstspeechinthecompany’shistybroadcasttoallofitsassociates.InthatspeechalsomadeavailabletoWalMart’s60000suppliersScottcommittedthecompanytothegoalsofbeing100%suppliedbyrenewableenergycreatingzerowastesel
13、lingproductsthatsustainresourcestheenvironment(Plambeck&Denend2007).MeanwhileWalMartpaiditsemployeesalmost15%lessthanotherlargeretailersbecauseofthelowerpayitsemployeesmadegreateruseofpublichealthwelfareprograms(Dubeetal
14、.2007).In200546%ofWalMartemployees’childrenwereeitheruninsuredonMedicaidastateprogramtoprovidemedicalcaretolowincomepeople(Rosenbloom&Barbaro2009).ComparedtoCostcoWalMartofferedfewermedicalotherbenefitsalthoughtheselower
15、costsdidnotresultinhigherprofitsperemployee(Cio2006).WalMart’srelativeemphasisonthephysicalenvironmentoveritsemployeesisfarfromunusual.BritishPetroleumacompanythattoutsitsenvironmentalcredentialsinitsadvertisingotherpres
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