學(xué)校計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備工作的情況【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：StatusofSchoolDistricts’PlanningPreparednessAswehavenotedinprireptsemergencymanagementrequirescodinatedplanningimplementationbyavarietyofparticipants.Effectiveemergencymanagementrequiresidentifyingthe

2、hazardsfwhichitisnecessarytobeprepared(riskassessments)establishingclearrolesresponsibilitiesthatareeffectivelycommunicatedwellunderstooddevelopingmaintainingmobilizingneededcapabilitiessuchaspeopleskillsequipment.Thepla

3、nscapabilitiesshouldbetestedassessedthroughrealisticexercisesthatidentifystrengthsareasthatneedimprovementwithanyneededchangesmadetobothplanscapabilities.Thehazardsthatschooldistrictsmayfacewillvaryacrossthecountrydepend

4、inguponthenaturalhazardstowhichtheirparticularareasareproneanassessmentofotherrisksfwhichtheyneedtobepreparedsuchaspemicinfluenzathedisgeofhazardoussubstancesfromnearbychemicalnuclearplants.Similarlywhoshouldbeinvolvedin

5、emergencyplanningresponsefschoolstherolesofthevariousparticipantswillvarybytypesizeoftheemergencyincident.Flargescaleemergencieseffectiveresponseislikelytoinvolvealllevelsofgovernment—federalstatelocal—nongovernmententit

6、iessuchastheRedCrosstheprivatesect.Thetypeofguidanceavailablefromthefederalgovernmentontopicsrelatedtotheserecommendedpracticesvariessignificantlyinsomeinstancesfederalagenciesprovidedetailedinstructionsonhowtoimplementr

7、ecommendedpracticeswhileinotherinstancesguidanceislessdetailed.Wehavealsorecognizedtheimptanceofcertainofthesepracticesinourprireptsonemergencymanagement.Wehavenotedtheimptanceofrealistictrainingpercentofallschooldistric

8、tshavewrittenemergencymanagementplanswithnostatisticaldifferencebetweenurbanruraldistricts.Ofthoseschooldistrictsthathavewrittenemergencyplansnearlyall(99.6percent)addressmultiplehazardsinaccdancewithrecommendedpractices

9、topreparefemergencies.Howeverthespecifichazardsaddressedbyplansvary.(Seefig.2.)Insomeinstancesthehazardsincludedinemergencyplansarespecifictolocalconditionswhichistobeexpected.Theextenttowhichschooldistricts’emergencyman

10、agementplansplanningactivitiesareconsistentwithotherrecommendedpracticesvaries:DevelopRolesResponsibilitiesfSchoolCommunityMembers.Basedonoursurveyofschooldistrictsmostdistrictshavewrittenrolesresponsibilitiesintheirplan

11、sfstaffsuchassuperintendentsbuildingengineerscustodiansprincipalsteachersnurses.DevelopRolesResponsibilitiesfFirstRespondersCommunityPartners.Basedonoursurveyweestimatethat43percentofschooldistrictsusetheIncidentCommSyst

12、em(ICS)—establishedbyDHSaspartoftheNationalIncidentManagementSystem(NIMS)—toestablishtherolesresponsibilitiesofschooldistrictofficialslocalfirstresponderscommunitypartnersduringanemergencyinaccdancewithrecommendedpractic

13、es.DevelopProceduresfCommunicatingwithKeyStakeholders.CentraltodistrictemergencyplansistheinclusionofproceduresfcommunicatingwithkeystakeholderssuchasstaffparentsstudentsincludingthosewhoareLimitedEnglishProficient.Oursu

14、rveyfindsthatroughlythreequartersofallschooldistrictshavenotincludedwrittenproceduresintheirplansfcommunicatingwithLimitedEnglishProficientparentsstudentsinaccdancewithfederallyrecommendedpractices.DevelopProceduresfSpec

15、ialNeedsStudents.Althoughthenumberofspecialneedsstudentsintheschoolsisgrowingoursurveyfindsthatanestimated28percentofschooldistrictswithemergencymanagementplansdonothavespecificprovisionsfthemintheiremergencymanagementpl