會計準(zhǔn)則它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會后果【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）外文翻譯外文題目AccountingStards:TheirEconomicSocialConsequences外文出處AccountingHizonsVol.4.Issue.32009外文作者BROWNVICTH原文：原文：AccountingStards:TheirEconomicSocialConsequencesFASBthinktheaccountingstardshavethepotentialconse

2、quenceseconomicsocialpolitical.Amongthoseinvolvedinterestedinthestardsettingprocesspreparersusersauditsothersthereiswidespreadagreementaboutthreepoints.Thefirstisthatstardsoffinancialaccountingreptingareneededasissomemec

3、hanismfsettingthesestards.TheFASBistheprivatesectgrouppresentlygedwiththatresponsibility.Thesecondisthatchangingaccountingstardswillhaveconsequentialeffectsofsomest.Indeedtheveryprocessofchangingaccountingstardsstemsfrom

4、thebeliefthatfinancialinfmationpreparedinaccdancewiththesestardscanmakeadifferenceinthedecisionsreachedbythoseusingtheinfmation.Thirdmostacceptthenotionthatcostbenefitconsiderationsshouldenterintosettingaccountingstards.

5、Changesshouldbemadeonlywhenexpectedbenefitsexceedanticipatedcosts.Beyondthesethreepointshoweverthereislittleagreementtobefound.Accountingproposalstypicallyencounteradiversityofresponsebothwithinamongconstituentgroupsconc

6、erningbothwhattheeconomicconsequencesofaproposalwillbehowtheseconsequencesshouldbefactedintotheproposalfinallyadopted.COSTSBENEFITSAmongtheconsequencesofchangingaccountingstardsareeconomicbenefitseconomiccosts.TheFASBmus

7、tconstantlybeawareofboth.ThisisbecauseoneofthepreceptsthattheFASBfollowsinconductingitsactivitiesistopromulgatestardsonlywhentheexpectedbenefitsexceedperceivedcosts.Fullyapplyingthispreceptimpliesatleastnotionallytheabil

8、itytoidentifyallbenefitscoststoputadollarvalueonthem.Additionallydollarbenefitscostswouldbeidentifiedintermsofwhatsegmentsofsocietywouldbeaffectedbythem.Inthiswayjudgmentsonstardscouldbemadeinlightofknowledgeaboutboththe

9、aggregatesocietalcostbenefitofadoptingthestardsaboutthemannerinwhichthecostsbenefitswouldbesharedthewealthdistributionaleffects.Whilenotionallydesirabletheabilitytospecifyquantifycostsbenefitsfullydoesnotexist.Inanoperat

10、ionalsensetheBoardcannotmakecostbenefitdeterminationswithanydegreeofprecision.Thisisbecausefinancingalternativeischosenbecauseitdoesnothavetobereptedasaliabilitydecisionsregardingthelevelofresearchcoststobeincurredwhicha

11、rebasedonthedesiretoreptaparticularearningsfigureratherthanonthelongruneconomicbenefittoafirm.Anotherpotentialeconomiccosttofinancialstatementpreparersarisesfromadversecompetitiveeffectsresultingfromrequiredadditionaldis

12、closures.Thishasbeenmostfrequentlycitedinrelationtobusinesssegmentdisclosuresbutithasbroaderimplicationsaswell.ECONOMICBENEFITSSinceexternalfinancialreptsareprincipallyintendedfusebypresentprospectiveinvestscreditsthepri

13、marybenefitsofchangingaccountingstardsstemfromtheenhancedutilityoftheresultinginfmationtoservetheseusers.Whilebenefitsmaybequalitativelydescribedinthisfashionidentifyingmeasuringthesebenefitsisadauntingtask.Economicbenef

14、itsresultingfromaccountingchangesareveryrarelyifeverofameasurableoutofpocketvariety.Accountingstardsareessentialtotheefficientfunctioningoftheeconomybecausedecisionsaboutallocatingcapitalthecapitalmarketsdependheavilyonc

15、redibleconciseunderstablewidelydisclosedfinancialinfmation.Butthebenefitsresultingfromimprovedstardsaredifficulttotrace.Theyareofabehavialratherthananoutofpockettype.Theirincidenceisdiffusetheyaccruebroadlytousersprepare

16、rsofexternalfinancialrepts.Theyinclude:1、Improvedcredibilityoffinancialreptsingeneralresultinginpublicconfidenceinfinancialmarketsmeefficientallocationofcapitalresources2、Increasedcredibilityoftheindividualentitysexterna

17、lfinancialstatementswithresultingimprovedaccessibilitytocapitalmarketspossiblyatlowercapitalcosts3、Theincreasedutilitytheusergainsfromimprovedaccountinginfmationincludingtheabilitytomakebetterionsfromamongvariousinvestme

18、ntoptionsaspurtomanagementefficiencyasaresultofaccountabilitytoshareholderslendersotherswhocanmakemeinfmedevaluations.Soitisthateconomicbenefitsareacterizedasservingpurposessuchasfairnesscomparabilitythepublicinterestoth

19、erpurposesdifficulttoidentifyinparticularevenmedifficulttotrytoquantify.Whilediffusehardtoidentifyquantifythesequalitiesoccupyanimptantplaceamongtheacteristicsofacompetitiveeconomywithfreecapitalmarkets.ECONOMICCONSEQUEN

20、CESAtleastthreefactsgiverisetotheseadditionalconcernsabouteconomicsocialconsequences.Firstsomeconsequencesrepresenttheaggregatederivativeeconomicsocietalimpactofactionsdirectlytakenbypreparersinresponsetochangedaccountin

21、gstards.Thusfexampleithasbeenarguedthatarequiredchangefromacashtoanaccrualbasisinaccountingfpostretirementhealthcarecostswillcauseenterprisestocurtailtheirretireehealthcareplanssoastoavoidhigherrecdedexpensesliabilities.

22、Aggregateemployeractionsinthisdirectionitisarguedwouldhaveadverseeconomicsocietalconsequences.Manyemployeeswouldfindthemselveswithoutadequatehealthcarecoverageperhapsfcinggovernmentalactiontocompensateinsomefashion.Asano

23、therexamplein19761977whentheFASBwasconsideringnewaccountingstardsfoilgasproducingactivitiesanumberofcompaniesopinedthattheywouldcutbacktheirexplationprogramsinsomecasesbyupto50percentifthecompanieswerefcedtochangefromthe