醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)骨骼

1、SKELETAL SYSTEM,FunctionsClassificationTypes of bones, tissues and cellsBone structure (anatomy)Divisions of the skeletonJoints (classification and anatomy of joints)Diseases of the skeletal system,Bones of the Ske

2、leton,,,,carpalsclaviclecoccyxfemurfibulahumerusmandiblemetacarpalsmetatarsalspatellaphalanges,pelvisradiusribssacrumscapulaskullsternumtarsalstibiaulnavertebrae,21,22,20,15,19,14,17,18,13,1,4,3,2,7,6

3、,5,9,8,10,16,11,12,Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phalanges, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibulaShort Bones- carpals, tarsalsFlat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternumIrregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bone

4、sSesamoid- patella,,,,Distalepiphysis,,Proximal epiphysis,,,diaphysis,yellow marrow,,,,epiphyseal line,,,periosteum,,compact bone,,spongy bone,,Endosteum,,hyaline cartilage,,,,Sharpey’s fibers,,Axial Skeleton,SkullVe

5、rtebral columnRib cage (ribs + sternum),Skull,Skull Bones,* The Skull consists of 8 CRANIAL BONES + 14 FACIAL BONES* The Ears consists of 6 BONES and* Floating in the throat is 1 HYOID BONE,Inner Ear,R

6、ib Cage,Also called the Thoracic Cage12 pairs of RIBS7 true ribs5 false ribs(2 floating ribs) 1 STERNUM (breastbone),,Vertebral Column(spinal column/ backbone),7 CERVICAL (NECK) VERTEBRAE,12 THORACIC5 LUMBA

7、R,5 FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 SACRUM, 4 SMALL FUSED VERTEBRAE INTO 1 COCCYX (YOUR TAIL BONE),Shoulder Girdles and Arms,The Shoulder girdle is also called the pectoral girdle Consists of 4 bonesUpper limbs consist of 60

8、bones (the hands and wrist contain 54 separate bones).,Hip Girdles and Legs,The hip girdle is also called the pelvic girdle Consists of 2 bones Lower limbs consist of 60 bones (the anklesand feet contain 52 separ

9、ate bones),Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape,Slide 5.52a,Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,,,Figure 5.29a–c,Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape,Slide 5.52b,Copyright

10、© 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings,,,Figure 5.29d–f,Anatomy of a Joint,2 or more bonesJoint capsuleCartilageSynovial membraneSynovial fluidFatLigamentsBursaMeniscusTendons,,Str

11、uctures of a freely movable joint,Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit; bones become lighter and fracture easierRickets- vitamin D deficiencyOsteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones