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1、老年晚期肺癌患者的藥物選擇,,主要內(nèi)容,背景,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,分子靶向治療,總結(jié),4,1,2,3,主要內(nèi)容,背景,1,背景,肺癌——世界范圍內(nèi): 男性人群:發(fā)病率和死亡率居第1位; 女性人群:發(fā)病率居第3位,死亡率居第2位[1]。在美國: 居惡性腫瘤相關(guān)死亡第1位[2],且47%的肺癌患者年齡>70歲[3]。在我國: 發(fā)病率和死亡率居首位[4]。 隨著人口老齡化,老年肺癌患者的比例將持續(xù)上升

2、!老年肺癌研究現(xiàn)狀—— 前瞻性研究較少,臨床缺乏足夠的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)[5]。,[1]Torre LA,et a1.CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87—108.[2]Siegel R,et a1.CA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9—29.[3]Owonikoko TK,et a1.J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):5570—5577.[4]Chen W,et

3、a1.Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一21.[5]SacherAG,eta1.J Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):366—368.,主要內(nèi)容,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,2,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,單藥化療,長春瑞濱,長春瑞濱單藥方案可延長老年NSCLC患者中位生存期(MST),提高1年生存率,但與含鉑類兩藥聯(lián)合化療方案相比,沒有延長總生存時(shí)間。,[6]Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lun

4、g Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,單藥化療,紫杉醇,方法:27名NSCLC患者(ⅢB/Ⅳ期),平均年齡73歲(70-83歲),其中16名患者有并發(fā)癥。給予紫杉醇(80mg/m2,第1、8、15天,每4周1次)方案治療。結(jié)果:平均進(jìn)展時(shí)間為5個(gè)月,平均生存時(shí)間12個(gè)月; 7例出現(xiàn)乏力,1例出現(xiàn)過敏反應(yīng),無其他的3/4級毒性反應(yīng)。結(jié)論:紫杉醇每周方案(80mg/m2)療效確切且安全性高,在老年

5、患者可作為替代長春瑞濱或吉西他濱的一線治療方案,尤其是存在并發(fā)癥的患者。,[7]Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,單藥化療,吉西他濱,方法:47例NSCLC患者(ⅢB-Ⅳ期),平均年齡73歲(70-82歲),第1、8、15天應(yīng)用吉西他濱(1000mg/m2),每28天為1個(gè)周期。結(jié)果:總有效率為21.7%,中位生存期8.4個(gè)月。 Ⅲ度白細(xì)胞

6、減少為19.0%,非血液學(xué)毒性少見,無Ⅳ度骨髓抑制。結(jié)論:吉西他濱單藥用于老年NSCLC患者療效較好,毒性較低。,[8]Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,聯(lián)合化療,NCCN指南:成年人宜選用聯(lián)合化療方案以達(dá)到更高的有效率。常用方案:1.非鉑類聯(lián)合化療長春瑞濱+吉西他濱或吉西他濱+紫杉醇/多西他賽。2.鉑類藥物為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合化療卡鉑/

7、順鉑+長春瑞濱/吉西他濱/紫杉類等。,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,非鉑類聯(lián)合化療,RCT試驗(yàn),方法:707例老年ⅢB、Ⅳ期NSCLC患者隨機(jī)分為3組,分別給予:A組:長春瑞濱(NVB,30mg/m2);B組:吉西他濱(GEM,1200mg/m2);C組:長春瑞濱(NVB,25mg/m2)+吉西他濱(GEM,1000mg/m2),所有藥物均為第1、8天給藥,3周為1周期最多6個(gè)周期。,[9]Gridelli C, et al. J Natl

8、 Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,結(jié)果1 C組分別與A組、B組比較,與生存期、腫瘤進(jìn)展時(shí)間、客觀緩解率均無顯著差異(P>0.05)。,,,[9]Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,非鉑類聯(lián)合化療,RCT試驗(yàn),結(jié)果2C組與A組比較,血小板減少、肝毒性發(fā)生率顯著升高(P<

9、0.05) ;C組與B組比較,中性粒細(xì)胞減少、嘔吐、乏力、心臟毒性、便秘等發(fā)生率顯著升高(P<0.05)。,[9]Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,非鉑類聯(lián)合化療,RCT試驗(yàn),結(jié)論: 對于老年患者,聯(lián)合化療不一定優(yōu)于單藥化療。,[9]Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 200

10、3, 95(5): 362-372.,,方法: 451例70-80歲晚期NSCLC患者隨機(jī)分為3組,分別給予:A組:長春瑞濱;B組:吉西他濱;C組:紫杉醇+卡鉑結(jié)果顯示:結(jié)果顯示,采用兩藥化療患者的中位生存時(shí)間(10.3個(gè)月)長于單藥化療(6.2 個(gè)月,P<0.01);兩藥化療患者更易發(fā)生骨髓抑制和肌無力,但均可耐受,細(xì)胞毒藥物化療,鉑類聯(lián)合化療,1.NCCN指南 以鉑類為基礎(chǔ)的聯(lián)合化療是晚期成年NSCLC患者的一線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

11、治療方案,療效優(yōu)于單藥化療。2.鉑類副作用 明顯的胃腸道、腎臟、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)毒性,老年人是否耐受較有爭議。3.鉑類的選擇 研究表明[10],卡鉑和順鉑在晚期NSCLC一線治療中對總生存無顯著差異。4.鉑類聯(lián)合化療用于老年NSCLC患者的臨床試驗(yàn)[11] 適當(dāng)降低用藥量或采用每周給藥方案,結(jié)果卡鉑聯(lián)合方案療效及患者耐受性均較好,因此,推薦一般情況好的老年患者可采用低劑量卡鉑、順鉑聯(lián)合方案化療,但在用藥期間

12、應(yīng)密切關(guān)注可能發(fā)生的血液毒性及消化道毒性反應(yīng),并及時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的防治措施。,[10]蔣京偉,等 . 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.[11]Hiroshi Takatani, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan 18.,主要內(nèi)容,分子靶向治療,3,分子靶向治療,厄洛替尼:EURTAC研究,[12]Resell R,et a1.Lancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-

13、246.,,分子靶向治療,EURTAC研究:RCT試驗(yàn),方法:173例EGFR敏感突變的晚期NSCLC患者(ⅢB-Ⅳ期),≥65歲患者88例,<65歲85例。隨機(jī)分為厄洛替尼組和含鉑兩藥(吉西他濱或多西他賽)化療組,主要終點(diǎn)事件為PFS。結(jié)果:1.厄洛替尼組中位PFS為9.7個(gè)月,化療組僅5.2個(gè)月(P<0.001);2.3-4度不良反應(yīng)主要為皮疹(厄洛替尼組13%,化療組0)和中性粒細(xì)胞減少(厄洛替尼組0,化療組22%)。3.

14、 165歲患者同樣獲益(HR=0.28,P=0.496)。,基于EURTAC研究:2013年5月美國FDA批準(zhǔn)厄洛替尼一線治療EGFR敏感突變的晚期NSCLC患者[13]。,[13]Khozin S,et a1.Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779.,分子靶向治療,貝伐單抗,PCB 方案:貝伐單抗+紫杉醇+卡鉑,[14]SandierA,et a1.N Engl J Med,2006,355(24):2542.25

15、50[15]Ramalingam SS,et a1.J Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-65.[16]Zhu J,et a1.JAMA,2012,307(15):1593—1601,分子靶向治療,貝伐單抗,GCB 方案:貝伐單抗+吉西他濱+順鉑,[17] Reek M,et a1.Ann Oncol,2010,(9):1804—1809.[18]Leighl NB,et a1.J Thorac Oncol,201

16、0,5(12):1970—1976.,分子靶向治療,貝伐單抗,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療方案,[19]I Crinb L,et a1.Lancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):733.740[20]LynehTJ Jr,et a1.J Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):1332—1339,主要內(nèi)容,總結(jié),4,總結(jié),1.老年肺癌患者的藥物治療需要權(quán)衡患者的一般情況評分、考察肝腎功能和患者意愿等,實(shí)施個(gè)體化治療,以便為患者更合

17、理的選擇化療藥物。 2.可應(yīng)用長春瑞濱等單藥化療、含鉑兩藥化療(PS 評分好)、針對 EGFR 敏感突變的小分子靶向藥物厄洛替尼、含貝伐單抗的聯(lián)合治療(非鱗癌)等。 3.用藥過程中需密切觀察患者的毒副反應(yīng),并及時(shí)采取相應(yīng)的防治措施。,參考文獻(xiàn),[1]Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et a1.Global cancer statistics,2012[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2015,

18、65(2):87—108.[2]Siegel R,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1.Cancer statistics,2014[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9—29.[3]Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1.Lung cancel"in elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidem

19、iology, an d end results database[J].J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):5570—5577.[4]Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1.Report ofincidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2OO9[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一21.[5]SacherAG,Le L

20、W,LeighlNB,eta1.Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical trials:are the elderly eXClUded from practice—changing trials in advanced NSCLC?[J].J Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):366—368.[6]Devlin JG, Langer CJ. S

21、alvage therapy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and a review of the literature[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(

22、5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.[7]Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged > or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lu

23、ng cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II study[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. [8]Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et

24、al. Prospective phase Ⅱ study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage Ⅲ B/ Ⅳ non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2

25、001, 24(6): 614-617.[9]Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES)

26、 phase Ⅲrandomized trial[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.[10]蔣京偉,梁曉華,周鑫莉,等 . 卡鉑與順鉑治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌療效的薈萃分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.[11]Hiro

27、shi Takatani, Yoichi Nakamura, Seiji Nagashima, et al. Phase I and II trials of vinorelbine with carboplatin for patients 75 years of age or older with previously untreated non–small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lu

28、ng Cancer, 2012 Jan 18.[12]Resell R,Carcereny E,Gervais R,et a1.Erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first—line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-smal1.eell lung cancer(EURTAC

29、):a muhicentre,open—label。randomised phase 3 trial[J].Lancet Once1,2012,3(3):239-246.[13]Khozin S,Blumenthal GM,Jiang X,et a1.U.S.Food and Drug Administration approval summary: Erlotinib for the first—line treatment of

30、metastatic non—small eell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions or exon 2l (L858R) substitution mutations[J].Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779.[14]SandierA,GrayR,PerryMC,et a1.Paelitaxel—earbop

31、latinalone or with bevacizumab for non—small-celI lung cancerf J].N Engl J Med,2006,355(24):2542.2550[15]Ramalingam SS,Dahlberg SE,Langer CJ,et a1.Outcomes for elderly,advanced—stage non small-cell lung cancer patients

32、treated with bevaeizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel:analysis ofEastern Cooperative Oncology Group al 4599[J].J Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-65.[16]Zhu J,Sharma DB,Gray SW,et a1.Carboplatin and paclitaxel

33、 with vs without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J].JAMA,2012,307(15):1593—1601[17] Reek M,yon Pawel J,Zatloukal P,et a1.Overall survival with cisplatin gemcitabine and bevacizumab

34、 or placebo as first..1ine thempy for nonsquamous non—small-cell lung cancer:results from a randomised phase 11I trial(AVAIL)[J].Ann Oncol,2010,(9):1804—1809.[18]Leighl NB,Zatloukal P,Mezger J,et a1.Efficacy and safety

35、of bevacizumab—based therapy in elderly patients with advaneed orrecurrent nonsquamous non-small eell lung cancer in the phaseⅢ(B017704) study(AVAIL)[J].J Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):1970—1976.[19]I Crinb L,Dansin E,Garrid

36、o P,et a1.Safety and eficacy of first.1ine bevacizumab..based therapy in advanced non.squamous non.small—cell lung cancer(SAiL,MO19390):a phase 4 study[J].Lancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):733.740[20]LynehTJ Jr,SpigelDR,Brahmer J

37、,et a1.Safetyand effectiveness of bevacizumab-containing treatment for non.smal1.cell langcancer:final results of the ARIES observational cohort study[J].J Thorac 0ncol,2014,9(9):1332—1339,[1]Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,e

38、t a1.Global cancer statistics,2012[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87—108.[2]Siegel R,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1.Cancer statistics,2014[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9—29.[3]Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1.Lung cancel"

39、;in elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, an d end results database[J].J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):5570—5577.[4]Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1.Report ofincidence and mortality in China cancer registries,

40、2OO9[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一21.[5]SacherAG,Le LW,LeighlNB,eta1.Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical trials:are the elderly eXClUded from practice—changing trials in advanced NSCLC?[J].J Th

41、orae Oncol,2013,8(3):366—368.[6]Devlin JG, Langer CJ. Salvage therapy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and

42、a review of the literature[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.[7]Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patient

43、s (aged > or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II study[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5)

44、: 280-284. [8]Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase Ⅱ study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage Ⅲ B/ Ⅳ non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Am J Clin Oncol

45、, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.[9]Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the multice

46、nter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES) phase Ⅲrandomized trial[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.Gridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.[10]蔣京偉,梁曉華,周鑫莉,等 . 卡鉑與順鉑

47、治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌療效的薈萃分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.,參考文獻(xiàn),[1]Torre LA,Bray F,Siegel RL,et a1.Global cancer statistics,2012[J].CA Cancer J Clin,2015,65(2):87—108.[2]Siegel R,Ma J,Zou Z,et a1.Cancer statistics,2014[J].CA C

48、ancer J Clin,2014,64(1):9—29.[3]Owonikoko TK,Ragin CC,Belani CP,et a1.Lung cancel"in elderly patients:an analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, an d end results database[J].J Clin Oncol,2007,25(35):5570—5577.

49、[4]Chen W,Zheng R, S,et a1.Report ofincidence and mortality in China cancer registries,2OO9[J].Chin J Cancer Res,2013,25(1):1O一21.[5]SacherAG,Le LW,LeighlNB,eta1.Eldedy patientswith advanced NSCLC in phase In clinical t

50、rials:are the elderly eXClUded from practice—changing trials in advanced NSCLC?[J].J Thorae Oncol,2013,8(3):366—368.[6]Devlin JG, Langer CJ. Salvage therapy with vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung ca

51、ncer: a retrospective review of the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience and a review of the literature[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.Devlin JG, et al. Clin Lung Cancer, 2007, 8(5): 319-326.[

52、7]Rossi D, Dennetta D, Ugolini M, et al. Weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients (aged > or = 70 years) with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an alternative choice? Results of a phase II study[J]

53、. Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. Rossi D, et al.Clin Lung Cancer, 2008, 9(5): 280-284. [8]Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase Ⅱ study of single agent gemcitabine in untreated

54、elderly patients with stage Ⅲ B/ Ⅳ non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.Martoni A,et al.Am J Clin Oncol, 2001, 24(6): 614-617.[9]Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Ch

55、emotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: the multicenter Italian lung cancer in the elderly study (MILES) phase Ⅲrandomized trial[J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.G

56、ridelli C, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003, 95(5): 362-372.[10]蔣京偉,梁曉華,周鑫莉,等 . 卡鉑與順鉑治療晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌療效的薈萃分析[J]. 中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2006,86(37):2615-2620.[11]Hiroshi Takatani, Yoichi Nakamura, Seiji Nagashima, et al. Phase I and II tri

57、als of vinorelbine with carboplatin for patients 75 years of age or older with previously untreated non–small-cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Lung Cancer, 2012 Jan 18.[12]Resell R,Carcereny E,Gervais R,et a1.Erlotini

58、b versus standard chemotherapy as first—line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-smal1.eell lung cancer(EURTAC):a muhicentre,open—label。randomised phase 3 trial[J].Lancet Once1,2012,3

59、(3):239-246.[13]Khozin S,Blumenthal GM,Jiang X,et a1.U.S.Food and Drug Administration approval summary: Erlotinib for the first—line treatment of metastatic non—small eell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor recept

60、or exon 19 deletions or exon 2l (L858R) substitution mutations[J].Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779.[14]SandierA,GrayR,PerryMC,et a1.Paelitaxel—earboplatinalone or with bevacizumab for non—small-celI lung cancerf J].N Engl

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65、nt nonsquamous non-small eell lung cancer in the phaseⅢ(B017704) study(AVAIL)[J].J Thorac Oncol,2010,5(12):1970—1976.[19]I Crinb L,Dansin E,Garrido P,et a1.Safety and eficacy of first.1ine bevacizumab..based therapy in

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70、n S,Blumenthal GM,Jiang X,et a1.U.S.Food and Drug Administration approval summary: Erlotinib for the first—line treatment of metastatic non—small eell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 deletions o

71、r exon 2l (L858R) substitution mutations[J].Oncologist,2014,19(7):774-779.[14]SandierA,GrayR,PerryMC,et a1.Paelitaxel—earboplatinalone or with bevacizumab for non—small-celI lung cancerf J].N Engl J Med,2006,355(24):254

72、2.2550[15]Ramalingam SS,Dahlberg SE,Langer CJ,et a1.Outcomes for elderly,advanced—stage non small-cell lung cancer patients treated with bevaeizumab in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel:analysis ofEastern Coop

73、erative Oncology Group al 4599[J].J Clin Oneel,2oo8,26(1):60-65.[16]Zhu J,Sharma DB,Gray SW,et a1.Carboplatin and paclitaxel with vs without bevacizumab in older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer[J].JAMA

74、,2012,307(15):1593—1601[17] Reek M,yon Pawel J,Zatloukal P,et a1.Overall survival with cisplatin gemcitabine and bevacizumab or placebo as first..1ine thempy for nonsquamous non—small-cell lung cancer:results from a ran

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77、non.small—cell lung cancer(SAiL,MO19390):a phase 4 study[J].Lancet 0ncel,2010,1 (8):733.740[20]LynehTJ Jr,SpigelDR,Brahmer J,et a1.Safetyand effectiveness of bevacizumab-containing treatment for non.smal1.cell langcanc

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