高密度發(fā)熱數(shù)據(jù)中心空調(diào)系統(tǒng)技術(shù)解決方案

1、Solutions for hot spot in data center數(shù)據(jù)中心熱點(diǎn)解決方案,Chen Yunshui 陳云水Airsys Refrigeration Engineering Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.阿爾西制冷工程技術(shù)(北京)有限公司,Really? 真實(shí)情況是什么？,Is the hot problem really so serious ?熱問(wèn)題真的如此嚴(yán)重嗎？,內(nèi)容,數(shù)

2、據(jù)中心熱密度發(fā)展史,數(shù)據(jù)中心高熱密度實(shí)際狀況,“熱點(diǎn)”與“熱區(qū)”的概念,熱點(diǎn)與熱區(qū)應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待,1,熱點(diǎn)形成的原因,當(dāng)前熱點(diǎn)解決方案及其缺點(diǎn),2,3,4,5,6,高熱密度到底有多高？,熱問(wèn)題并不是“高熱密度”,ONSPOT熱點(diǎn)空調(diào)機(jī),ONSPOT 熱點(diǎn)空調(diào)機(jī)的類型,總結(jié),7,8,9,10,11,CONTENTS,History of high heat density of data center,Real status of over

3、heat in data center,Concept of “hot spot” & “hot area”,Different treatments for hot spot and hot area,1,Why hot spot?,Current solutions and shortages,2,3,4,5,6,How high is the “high heat density”,Main problem is not

4、high heat density,ON SPOT AIR CONDITIONER,Types of ONSPOT unit,Summary,7,8,9,10,11,數(shù)據(jù)中心高熱密度解決方案歷史,從2000年前后開始，由于數(shù)據(jù)中心電子設(shè)備發(fā)熱量快速增加，不斷有人提出數(shù)據(jù)中心高熱密度問(wèn)題。越來(lái)越多的解決方案也被提出來(lái)。同時(shí)隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)中心的規(guī)模越來(lái)越大，發(fā)熱量也越來(lái)越大，因此，所謂的“熱問(wèn)題”也越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。參見下圖。,The

5、 history of high heat density of data center,數(shù)據(jù)中心熱密度發(fā)展趨勢(shì),Really so high density?熱密度真的這么高嗎？,Heat density trends in data center equipments,90% of data center: Over heat existedVery cold at the same time,After a lot of su

6、rvey to the data center,數(shù)據(jù)中心實(shí)際過(guò)熱情況,Real status of over heat in data center,經(jīng)過(guò)大量調(diào)查：90%以上數(shù)據(jù)中心存在過(guò)熱然而，同時(shí)感覺到非常冷,Hot spot：the hot space formed by several cabinets with overheatHot area: the hot space formed by more cabine

7、ts with overheat熱點(diǎn)：由少數(shù)幾個(gè)過(guò)熱機(jī)柜形成的范圍較小的偏熱區(qū)域熱區(qū)：由較多相互靠近的過(guò)熱機(jī)柜形成的范圍較大的偏熱區(qū)域,“熱點(diǎn)”與“熱區(qū)”概念,Hot spot,Hot area,Concept of “hot spot” & “hot area”,HOT SPOT ≠ HOT AREA熱點(diǎn)≠熱區(qū),熱點(diǎn)和熱區(qū)應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待,Different treatments for hot spot and hot ar

8、ea,Why hot spot? 為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)？,Bad air distributionElectr. devices not even installed in cabinetPeak load of equipment氣流組織不好機(jī)柜內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)不當(dāng)或元器件分布不均設(shè)備高峰負(fù)荷集中,制冷能力不足不是主要原因The insufficient cooling capacity is not the main cause.,

9、Detail followed 詳見后面,Actually not the in-sufficient cooling capacity of PACDue to:Cold air can not be reached to hot placeSlow air supply speedObstacle material in the way of air supply airHigh air flow resis

10、tance in the way of air supplyLow air supply pressurePlace of supply air grill is not correctAir volume is not matched with the load of server cabinet,Bad air distribution 機(jī)房氣流組織不好,出現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)，并不是因?yàn)闄C(jī)房空調(diào)機(jī)的制冷量不足是因?yàn)?冷風(fēng)不能送到熱點(diǎn)

11、位置或熱點(diǎn)位置冷風(fēng)量不足送風(fēng)速度過(guò)低送風(fēng)通路上有阻礙物送風(fēng)通路上空氣阻力過(guò)高送風(fēng)風(fēng)壓不足送風(fēng)格柵的位置不合適送風(fēng)量與機(jī)柜的熱負(fù)荷不匹配,機(jī)柜內(nèi)電子元器件不均勻,Lower density of E. devices,Higher density of E. devices,Electr. devices not even installed in cabinet,Peak load of equipment 通信高峰,Pe

12、ak communication,When it is at the peak time of communication, the heat generated by server is high because of too much calculation在通信高峰時(shí)段，服務(wù)器會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的熱量，因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的計(jì)算工作量大,Internal structure of cabinet 設(shè)備內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),Too many devices i

13、n the cabinet Un-even distribution of devices Un-even heat load of devices Insufficient air volume capacity of internal fans,High devices density,Insufficient air flow,機(jī)柜內(nèi)部元器件太多元器件分布不均勻各元器件負(fù)載不一致機(jī)柜內(nèi)部風(fēng)機(jī)風(fēng)量不足,Current s

14、olutions and shortages 當(dāng)前方案及缺點(diǎn),Reduce the temp. of data centerInstall more air cons.Disperse the heat load降低數(shù)據(jù)中心機(jī)房溫度新增機(jī)房專用空調(diào)機(jī)分散過(guò)熱機(jī)柜的負(fù)載,,常規(guī)機(jī)房控制溫度為: 24℃經(jīng)常被降低到：20℃-18℃ 或更低,機(jī)房溫度降低1℃，空調(diào)機(jī)的制冷效率會(huì)降低2－3%，甚至更多。同時(shí)，其制冷量會(huì)降低3－5%，

15、不但如此，這還會(huì)引起空調(diào)機(jī)不必要的除溫和加溫。如果機(jī)柜內(nèi)部進(jìn)一步過(guò)熱，這種方法就不可行了。因?yàn)闄C(jī)房溫度過(guò)低時(shí)，空調(diào)機(jī)制冷盤管會(huì)結(jié)霜,降低機(jī)房的溫度,容易方便但不節(jié)能,,機(jī)房控制溫度,EER 能效比,24℃,,,機(jī)房溫度降低,能耗增加,,20℃,,Normal control temp. of DC: 24℃It is often be reduced to 20℃ or 18℃ or even lower by administ

16、rator of DC,When the room temp. is reduced by 1℃，the cooling efficient of air conditioner will be reduced by 2-3% or even more, and at the same time, the cooling capacity of AC will reduce by 3-5%, furthermore, there wil

17、l be more un-necessary humidifying and dehumidifying.If the over heat of cabinet goes worse, this way will not work, because the control temp. of DC can not be reduced furthermore due to frozen on the coil of Air con.,R

18、educe the temp. of data center,EasyConvenientBut energy waste,,Control temp. of DC,EER,Normal cntrl. Temp.,Ccntrl. Temp. for hot DC,Power consumption at 24℃,Power consumption at 20℃,,,Control temp. decreasing,Energy co

19、nsumption increasing,,,Install more air cons. 　添加空調(diào)機(jī),Anyway, this will lead to a big investment.　這種方法的投資很高,還不一定能解決問(wèn)題,Some user think about simply that the over heat is come from insufficient capacity of air conditioner,

20、so, install more air conditioner for the data center.In some cases, it works when the air conditioner is installed at a good position and the cold air can be supplied hot position. Many cases, it does not work well.某些

21、用戶簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)過(guò)熱是因?yàn)榭照{(diào)機(jī)冷量不足，所以就添加空調(diào)機(jī)。某些情況下，當(dāng)空調(diào)機(jī)的安裝位置合適、冷風(fēng)可以直接送達(dá)過(guò)熱位置時(shí)，這種方法有效。,將負(fù)荷分散,當(dāng)某個(gè)機(jī)柜出現(xiàn)過(guò)熱時(shí)，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶會(huì)將該機(jī)柜內(nèi)部的設(shè)備分開安裝到其它發(fā)熱量較小的機(jī)柜這種方式很有效，不過(guò)，有較大的拆、裝工作量當(dāng)相關(guān)元器件不能分散、必須安裝在一個(gè)機(jī)柜內(nèi)部時(shí)，這種方法就不能使用了。,Disperse the heat load,The devices with hi

22、gher heat load is centralized in 1 cabinet,The devices with higher heat load is dispersed to many cabinets,When there is a cabinet over heated, the experienced user will dispense the heat load to many cabinets, that is t

23、o say: move the electronic devices in the over heated cabinet to over cabinet with low heat load.This methods works, but, there are a lot of labor works for dismantling, assembling and related expenses.More, some time,

24、 this methods could not be carried out, because some times, all the components or servers must be installed at a same cabinet for the needs of management.,出現(xiàn)過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象時(shí)，機(jī)房管理人員會(huì)同相關(guān)專業(yè)人員商量。有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)師、安裝人員在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考察之后，會(huì)推薦這個(gè)方案。應(yīng)該說(shuō)，這是一種好的方

25、案。調(diào)整空調(diào)機(jī)的位置、調(diào)整氣流分布后，問(wèn)題可以解決。,優(yōu)化空調(diào)機(jī)的安裝位置,相關(guān)工作和費(fèi)用: 重新安裝風(fēng)管、水管、制冷劑管路　　重新接線、調(diào)試注意事項(xiàng): 費(fèi)用仍較高 較長(zhǎng)的施工周期 某些時(shí)候，此方案不可行。,When there exists hot spot, the administrator of DC will consult with air conditioning suppli

26、er. The experienced designers, installation peoples will put forward this solution to user after surveying to the data center.It should be confirmed that this is a good solution. The air flow distribution can be improve

27、d and the over heat can be eliminated by this method.Works and expenses: Re-piping for air duct, water pipe, refrigerant pipesIssues: Higher expenses Long installation engineering duration May not

28、 be possible to carry out some times.,Optimize the installation position of AC,Accurate air supply or return 精確送風(fēng)或回風(fēng),This is a very direct solution:Make the cold air from AC directly be supplied to the hot position or h

29、ot air returned from hot position.Issues and considerations:Air pressure of AC should be high enough, if not so, a fan in air duct is needed. (this is the most cases)No backup of ACHigh investmentNeed big space for

30、air duct installation,這是一種非常直接的方案:將冷風(fēng)直接從空調(diào)機(jī)的出風(fēng)口送到過(guò)熱位置或者將過(guò)熱位置的熱空氣抽走到不過(guò)熱位置注意事項(xiàng):空調(diào)機(jī)的風(fēng)壓必須足夠，必要時(shí)在風(fēng)管上安裝風(fēng)機(jī)（一般都需要）要注意空調(diào)機(jī)有停機(jī)的時(shí)候投資高風(fēng)管安裝的工作量大，空間占用多,Build new machine room 新建機(jī)房,This is an extreme way but also popular one. Many

31、 un-necessary new machine is built up because of heat problem.According to our viewpoint, most of the cases, the new machine room is not necessary to build. Except that there is another big reason besides of hot problem

32、.這是極端的做法，卻也是比較普遍的做法。因?yàn)闊釂?wèn)題而興建了許多不必要的新機(jī)房。根據(jù)我們的觀點(diǎn)，多數(shù)情況下，這些新機(jī)房是不需要建造的。除非有其它熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題之外的大原因。,How high is the “high heat density” (1)　熱密度到底有多高？,Overheated cabinet = High heat density cabinet + Super high density cabinet所謂過(guò)熱機(jī)柜是指

33、高熱機(jī)柜以及超高熱機(jī)柜,,How high is the “high heat density” (2)熱密度到底有多高,We should pay more attention to the “ high density cabinet.We should use different treatments for high density and super high density cabinet.由于高熱機(jī)柜占大多數(shù)，所以，我

34、們應(yīng)將更多的注意力放在高熱機(jī)柜，并且對(duì)超高熱機(jī)柜與高熱機(jī)柜采用不同的處理方法。,主要問(wèn)題并不是高熱密度,熱點(diǎn),高熱密度,我們所談?wù)摰母邿崦芏戎皇且粋€(gè)表面現(xiàn)象，并不是真正原因。真正的問(wèn)題是“熱點(diǎn)”實(shí)際之中，我們大多情況下談?wù)摰乃^“高熱密度”問(wèn)題實(shí)際上是“熱點(diǎn)”問(wèn)題。,關(guān)鍵原因,,Main problem is not high heat density,Hot spot,High density,High heat density

35、is a superficial phenomena, not the real causeThe real issue is the “hot spot”Mostly, what we talked is actually the hot spot problem.,Key causeRoot cause,,An air conditioner specially designed for hot spot in data ce

36、nter.Cause of hot spotType of hot spotAir distribution or organizationFeatureEasy use Easy installSmall dimensionsLight weightFlexiblePlug & play,The most simplified and correct ways to solve hot problem in

37、 data center這是解決數(shù)據(jù)中心熱問(wèn)題的最簡(jiǎn)單直接和最正確的方法,ON SPOT 熱點(diǎn)空調(diào)機(jī),這是為數(shù)據(jù)中心熱點(diǎn)而特別設(shè)計(jì)的空調(diào)機(jī)熱點(diǎn)形成的原因熱點(diǎn)的類型氣流分布和組織產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)容易使用 容易安裝尺寸小重量輕靈活即插即用,ON SPOT AIR CONDITIONER,機(jī)柜的進(jìn)風(fēng)由ONSPOT預(yù)冷到14－16℃，這樣機(jī)柜的出風(fēng)就降低到28－30℃。這樣機(jī)柜的過(guò)熱現(xiàn)象就消除了。,Working philosop

38、hy of ON SPOT 工作原理,過(guò)熱機(jī)柜的進(jìn)出風(fēng)溫度,當(dāng)過(guò)熱機(jī)柜進(jìn)風(fēng)口安裝 ONSPOT 空調(diào)機(jī)時(shí),冷凝熱以較高速度送到不過(guò)熱的地方,Cabinet,Cabinet,The entering air is pre-cooled to 14-16℃, so, the leaving air temp. is reduced to 28-30℃ and the over heat of the cabinet is removed.,

39、Working philosophy of ON SPOT 工作原理,Entering and leaving air temp. of over heated cabinet,An ONSPOT air conditioner is installed in front of an over heated cabinet.,Condensation heat is blow to a place far away from hot s

40、pot,Cabinet,Cabinet,以客廳中的冰箱為例: 在客廳中安裝了一臺(tái)分體式空調(diào)機(jī)與一臺(tái)冰箱分體機(jī)制冷量：5200W冰箱熱負(fù)荷： 100W,約為空調(diào)機(jī)制冷量的2%,1個(gè)常規(guī)小型數(shù)據(jù)中心的面積約為：150m2 其總熱負(fù)荷為：120kW一般情況下會(huì)配置：180kW制冷量的機(jī)房專用空調(diào)機(jī)ONSPOT 工作時(shí)的熱負(fù)荷為：1.1kW如果有5個(gè)熱點(diǎn),安裝5臺(tái)ONSPOT，則其總熱負(fù)荷為：5.5kW,只有機(jī)房空調(diào)機(jī)總制冷量的

41、3.3%。如果增加到10個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，使用10臺(tái)熱點(diǎn)空調(diào)機(jī)，也只引起11kW的熱負(fù)荷，占空調(diào)機(jī)制冷量的6.6%。由于ONSPOT并不是連續(xù)運(yùn)行，其實(shí)際總熱負(fù)荷較低，只有上述計(jì)算值的70%左右。由此可見，ONSPOT工作時(shí)的熱負(fù)荷可以忽略不計(jì)實(shí)際上，我們使用其它方法消除熱點(diǎn)時(shí)，所引起的附加熱負(fù)荷比ONSPOT均要高一些。,ONSPOT 空調(diào)機(jī)增加機(jī)房熱負(fù)荷嗎？,You may ask:The ONSPOT air condit

42、ioner is installed inside data center, Does the ONSPOT air conditioner increases the heat load to data center? Or will it make more over heat?No. Need not to think about this issue.,For example: The living room with a

43、split air conditioner and a refrigeratorThe average cooling capacity of Split AC: 5200WThe average heat load of refrigerator: 100W, around 2% of cooling capacity of split AC.,Let’s compare with ONSPOT in data centerA

44、normal small data center: 150m2 with 120 kW heating load and 180kW precision AC.The heating load of an ONSPOT is 1.1kWIf there is 5 hot spots, we will use 5 ONSPOT units, the total heating load is 5.5kw, which is 3% o

45、f total cooling capacity of PAC.If there is 10 hot spots, we will use 10 ONSPOT units, the total heating load is 11kw, which is 6% of total cooling capacity of PAC.Because the ONSPOT will not be running continuesly, t

46、he total heating load of ONSPOT will be lower than above calculation, around 70%.Besides, if you use other methods to remove the hot spot, it may produce more heat load to the data center. Please refer to the relative w

47、hite papers of Airsys.,Does ONSPOT increases the heat load to DC?,許多用戶采用降低機(jī)房溫度的辦法來(lái)解決熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。然而這種方法會(huì)導(dǎo)致高能耗。如果使用ONSPOT機(jī)組，不但不需要降低機(jī)房的溫度，還可以升高機(jī)房的溫度，從而節(jié)約大量的空調(diào)電能消耗。Many users will decrease the room air temp. in data center if ther

48、e is a hot spot. But this will lead to a higher energy consumption, because when air temperature goes down, the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up.If you use ONSPOT units, you will not only need not to d

49、ecrease the room temperature, but also increase the room temperature, say: 28℃，and get 10% around energy saved,ONSPOT 節(jié)能 ONSPOT SAVES ENERGY,Energy consumption ratio curve能耗比例曲線,,名義工作點(diǎn)Nominal working point,Many users w

50、ill decrease the room air temp. in data center if there is a hot spot. But this will lead to a higher energy consumption, because when air temperature goes down, the cooling efficiency of air conditioner will goes up.If

51、 you use ONSPOT units, you will not only need not to decrease the room temperature, but also increase the room temperature, say: 28℃，and get 10% around energy saved,ONSPOT SAVES ENERGY,Energy consumption ratio curve,,Nom

52、inal working point,應(yīng)在數(shù)據(jù)中心機(jī)房配備數(shù)臺(tái)ONSPOT產(chǎn)品，出現(xiàn)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)，將熱點(diǎn)空調(diào)機(jī)移到熱點(diǎn)位置，接上電源，熱點(diǎn)就消除了，就像滅火器一樣。Several ONSPOT should be prepared and backed up in data center. If there is a hot spot occurred, you can move an ONSPOT unit to hot spot and

53、 power up it, then the hot spot will be disappeared like the extinguisher for fire.,4 types:Floor standDoor hangingTop placementFloor tile,All is easy be movable,Types of ONSPOT unit,4 種類型:落地安裝式門板安裝式頂置式地磚安裝式,均為可移

54、動(dòng)式安裝,ONSPOT：The extinguisher for hot spot in data centerONSPOT：數(shù)據(jù)中心機(jī)房滅火器,Accurate cooling,Floor stand ONSPOT 落地安裝式,無(wú) ONSPOT,有 ONSPOT,Door hanging ONSPOT 門板安裝式,Accurate cooling,無(wú) ONSPOT,有 ONSPOT,Accurate cooling,Top plac

55、ement ONSPOT 頂置式,無(wú) ONSPOT,有 ONSPOT,Floor tile ONSPOT 地磚安裝式,Cabinet with over heat過(guò)熱空調(diào)機(jī),Floor tile ONSPOT地磚空調(diào)機(jī),Cabinet (without overheat)無(wú)過(guò)熱機(jī)柜,,,,Cabinet,,,12℃,26℃,Cabinet,,,,24℃,38℃,Without ONSPOT,With ONSPOT,,ONSPOT,,,,

56、18℃,12℃,Floor tile ONSPOT地磚空調(diào)機(jī),In most cases, The high heat density problem of data center is actually “hot spot” problemClearly understanding the difference between hot spot and hot area is helpful to eliminate the hot

57、 problemONSPOT air conditioner is the best way to remove hot spotONSPOT air conditioner can saving energy and reduce cost and investment.大多數(shù)情況下，高熱密度問(wèn)題實(shí)際上是“熱點(diǎn)”問(wèn)題。清晰理解“熱點(diǎn)”與“熱區(qū)”概念，有助于解決機(jī)房熱問(wèn)題ONSPOT空調(diào)機(jī)是解決熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題的最佳方案ONSPOT