中西文化背景下的習(xí)語翻譯論文

1、<p><b>　　河北師范大學(xué)</b></p><p>　　高等教育自學(xué)考試本科畢業(yè)論文</p><p>　　題目：中西文化背景下的習(xí)語翻譯</p><p><b>　　專業(yè)：英語</b></p><p><b>　　考生姓名：何冬晴</b></p>

2、<p>　　考生準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)：014714100479</p><p>　　考生所在單位：河北外國語學(xué)院</p><p><b>　　導(dǎo)師姓名：王密卿</b></p><p>　　聯(lián)系電話：15633036590</p><p>　　完成日期：2015年8月23日</p><p>　　Tra

3、nslation between the Chinese and English Cultures</p><p><b>　　By </b></p><p>　　He Dongqing </p><p>　　Prof . WangMiqing,tutor</p><p>　　Submitted to

4、 the B.A. Committee in Partial</p><p>　　Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree</p><p>　　of Bachelor of Arts in the English Department</p><p>　　of Hebei Normal University<

5、/p><p>　　August 23, 2015</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Nida , a famous translator, says ,“For truely successful translation ,it is much mo

6、re important to familiarize two cultures than to master two Languages”, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures.(background information) This is to say ,translation is closely related wit

7、h not only Languages but also cultures .Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exculsive research on the translation of Chine</p&g

8、t;<p>　　Key Words : idiom      culture      translation </p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　著名翻譯學(xué)家達(dá)奈指出：“對(duì)于真正成功的翻譯而言，熟悉兩種文化

9、甚至比掌握兩種語言更為重要，因?yàn)樵~語只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意義?！币簿褪钦f，翻譯不僅與語言有關(guān)業(yè)余文化有關(guān)。習(xí)語語翻譯中對(duì)文化的研究在中國的翻譯領(lǐng)域中仍然較弱，專門對(duì)中英習(xí)語的研究還不完善。近些年來，習(xí)語翻譯大多強(qiáng)調(diào)語際的交流，而很少涉及文化差異。本文通過分析中英習(xí)語的文化差異，進(jìn)而從文化角度研究中英習(xí)語的翻譯方法，并指出中英習(xí)語翻譯要注意的問題：聯(lián)系上下文，選擇與原文風(fēng)格，意思相符的翻譯；文化是一種生活方式，文化在變化，出現(xiàn)新的

10、習(xí)語，細(xì)語翻譯要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：習(xí)語 文化 翻譯</p><p><b>　　Contents</b></p><p>　　Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1</p><p>　　Chapter I. A compa

11、rison between English and Chinese idioms………………….2</p><p>　　ChapterII. The cultural differences between English and Chinese idioms………………………………………………………………………………….7</p><p>　　2.1 The formation

12、 of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions……………………………………………………………….……………8</p><p>　　2.2Geographical conditions…………………………………………………………8</p><p>　　Chapter III .Different cust

13、oms……………………………………………………..11</p><p>　　3.1In terms of history………………………………………………….……………11</p><p>　　3.2 Both countries have their different religious faith which may cause the difference…………………

14、…………………………………………….……………12</p><p>　　Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...14</p><p>　　Notes.....................................................................................................

15、.......................15</p><p>　　Bibliography..............................................................................................................16</p><p>　　Introduction</p>&

16、lt;p>　　Idioms universally exist in every Language . An idiom is a word or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source Language into the target Language because its idiomatic meaning cannot b

17、e understood by literally defining its component parts.（background）In a broad sense ,idioms contain set phase, proverbs , allusions ,etc.(yinlii,2007:9)In Chinese ,they also include enigmatic folk smiles. Newmark ,a

18、 British translation theorist , in his work A Textbook of Translation , said ,“I</p><p>　　Chapter I   A comparison between English and Chinese idioms</p><p>　　Different people from differen

19、t cultures may have different understandings of the same sentence because they know little about the target cultures. While the ultimate aim of English teaching as a foreign language is to cultivate students' compete

20、nce to apply English correctly, fluently, and appropriately in cross-cultural communication. Idioms, a part of language, are the essence of culture in every country. Using language in such communication, we often come ac

21、ross some idioms with distinctive </p><p>　　People in different cultural backgrounds to communicate is multination communication . Different countries have different historical backgrounds , customs , tradit

22、ions cultures ,therefore , the translators engaged in international business must understand their cultural differences and exotic. For example, “l(fā)ike a fish out of water”. If you feel like fish out of water, you fe

23、el awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation.</p><p>　　Friendship can’t stand always on one side 友誼是雙方的事</p><p>　　A friend is easier lost than found 朋友易失不易

24、得</p><p>　　Every man has his faults人都有缺點(diǎn)     </p><p>　　One tree does not make a forest 獨(dú)木不成林 </p><p>　　One flower

25、 does not make a spring 一花獨(dú)放不是春 </p><p>　　One swallow does not make a summer 孤雁不成夏</p><p>　　Where there is unity, there is victory團(tuán)結(jié)就是力量Two dogs strive for a bone, and a th

26、ird runs away with it 鷸蚌相爭，漁翁得利Love me little, love me long 愛情應(yīng)細(xì)水長流</p><p>　　Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 情人眼里出西施</p><p>　　Blood is thicker than water 血濃于水</p><p>　　Absence

27、 makes the heart grow fonder 越是不見越想念A(yù) man is</p><p>　　Petted daughters make silly wives 寵壞的女兒會(huì)變成傻婆娘Better a glorious death than a shameful life 寧為玉碎不為瓦全When in Rome do as the Romans do 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗</p><p&

28、gt;　　A penny saved is a penny gained 省一分是一分</p><p>　　One false move may lose the whole game 一步走錯(cuò)步步錯(cuò)</p><p>　　Procrastination is the thief of time拖延是時(shí)間的Never put off till tomorrow what may be don

29、e today今天能做的事情不要拖到明天做</p><p>　　, No sweet without sweat.沒有耕耘就沒有收獲</p><p>　　One is as old as one’s heart. 心有多老人有多老</p><p>　　Time heals all sorrows.時(shí)間治愈一切創(chuàng)傷

30、 </p><p>　　Many hands make light work. 人多力量大 </p><p>　　A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風(fēng)不起浪</p&g

31、t;<p>　　As poor as a church mouse.一貧如洗</p><p>　　A good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口</p><p>　　Clothes make the man.人靠衣裝，佛靠金裝</p><p>　　Clothes don’t make the man.不能以貌取人</p>

32、;<p>　　Strike while the iron is hot.趁熱打</p><p>　　Look before you leap.三思而后行</p><p>　　To teach a fish how to swim.班門弄斧</p><p>　　Self-trust is the first secret of success.自信是成功

33、的秘訣</p><p>　　Better late than never.遲做總比不做好</p><p>　　God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助</p><p>　　love me, love my dog.愛屋及烏</p><p>　　Rome was not built in a day.偉

34、業(yè)非一日之功</p><p>　　Like father , Like son.有其父必有其子</p><p>　　Well begun, half done好的開端成功的一半 </p><p>　　Every cloud has a si

35、lver lining否極泰來</p><p>　　Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成</p><p>　　Haste makes waste.欲速則不達(dá)</p><p>　　All roads lead to Rome.條條道路通羅馬</p><p>　　Time and tide wa

36、its for no man歲月不等人</p><p>　　Honesty is the best policy.誠實(shí)是上策</p><p>　　Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起使人健康富有和An apple a day keeps doctor away一日一個(gè)蘋果不用看醫(yī)生<

37、;/p><p>　　Fish in the air 緣木求魚</p><p>　　An odd fish 怪人</p><p>　　Miss the boat錯(cuò)過機(jī)會(huì)</p><p>　　Trim the sails to the wind順勢前進(jìn)</p><p>　　A small leak will sink a gr

38、eat ship小洞不補(bǔ)要沉大船</p><p>　　On the other hand ,China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasant, It is not surprising to find many idioms releva

39、nt to farming ,such as “骨瘦如柴，對(duì)牛彈琴，眾人拾柴火焰高，竹籃打水一場空”等等</p><p>　　Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea ,so they have idioms like “天涯海角，?？菔癄€，海底撈針，海市蜃樓”等等。 </p><

40、p>　　These differences in interpretation and tried to make it disappear the process of translating in the target language, and find out the exact words, so different cultures, which is reproduced in the targe

41、t language. Language is part of culture, also the carrier to the culture, which plays an important role. language translation is not only the international exchange of the two languages ,but two cultures relay.

42、 Culture in translation is a factor which should not be ignored ,as a famous translator</p><p>　　The famous modern Chinese writer, Mr. Qin Mu said: The analogy is brilliantly wonderful! It often makes people

43、 excited as soon as it is appears. It has a special strength to make things suddenly clear and complex things suddenly concise. Good metaphors are just like beautiful flowers to sprinkle the literature. As elegant as poe

44、m, metaphor is vivid, and exists in all languages (Jiang Lei, 2000, P122).</p><p>　　Chapter II. The cultural differences between English and Chinese idioms</p><p>　　Culture is a nation

45、al phenomenon. Each culture is unique. English and Chinese people live in different national boundaries and there are many differences between them. </p><p>　　Idioms exist in every Language. An idiom is a wo

46、rd or an expression that cannot be literally translated from the source Language into the target Language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its computer parts. In a broad sense ,idi

47、om contain set phrases ,proverbs ,colloquialisms ,slangs, maxims ,allusions ,etc.(YinLi,2007:9)  In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes.</p><p>　　One of the major characteristics identifyi

48、ng us as human is our ability to use Language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life ; it enables people to communicate with each other and understand other’s feelings. Language has close relations

49、with culture. It is impossible to separate Language from culture . As the essence of Language , idioms also have close relations with culture . The contents of them range form society, history, psychology ,customs a

50、nd other various social</p><p>　　Culture s the system of knowledge used by relatively large numbers of people at the social level. It is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions,

51、

52、 </p><p>　　meanings, religions, notions of time , concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by

53、a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group strving. Intercultural business communication is a multi-dimensional subject covering areas like anthropology, linguistics and media , etc . it

54、starts from the 60s, American universities began to have intercultural communication as a course . In China, the discipline was introduced into China in the early 1980s. common areas of int</p><p>　　2.1 The

55、formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions</p><p>　　The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions .  A specific geographical environm

56、ent produces a specific culture ,which also leads to a particular expression .</p><p>　　Great Britain covers island including the Northern one –six of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean a

57、nd the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall . Rivers and lakes are numerous . No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain . Accordingly ,idioms concerning fish an

58、d navigation constitute a great part in English idioms .(LiYuping,2008:20)</p><p>　　2.2Geographical conditions</p><p>　　Many Chinese people who understand a little English are familiar with the

59、word 'England'. But when the question "Where are you from?" is asked of a British person, the reply of "Britain" often induces a look of bewilderment on the face of the questioner. And if the

60、British person is Welsh, Scottish or Irish, they may even feel slightly annoyed that they have to reply "England" before the questioner understands which area of the world he or she is from. England is in fact

61、only one part of Britain</p><p>　　The British Isles are two islands situated off the continent of Europe. The larger of these islands is known as Great Britain. The British state is made up of Great Britain

62、(England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland. It is one of the 25 member states of the European Community. Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK).</p><p>　　T

63、he climate is generally mild and temperate, it often has frequent changes but has few extremes of temperature. It is rarely above 32 degree centimetre or below -10 degree centimetre. The average annual rainfall is more t

64、han 1,600 mm (over 60 inches) in the mountainous areas of the north and west but less than 800 mm (30 inches) over central and eastern parts. Rain can occur at any time but, on average, March to June are the driest month

65、s and September to January the wettest. During May, June an</p><p>　　During the months of shortest daylight (November, December and January) the average drops to one hours a day in the far north and two hour

66、s in the south.</p><p>　　With an area of about 242,000 sq km (93,600 sq. miles), Britain is just under 1,000 km (about 600 miles) from north to south. It is just under 500 km (300 miles) across in the widest

67、 part. It is therefore possible to travel to any part of the country within one day.</p><p>　　Travelling across Britain, visitors are struck by how green the countryside is all year round.</p><p&g

68、t;　　As you can see from a map, the landscape is varied, from the flatlands around the south and east to the hills and mountains of Scotland and Wales.</p><p>　　Despite having a high density of population in

69、comparison with most European countries, there are huge amounts of quiet and unspoilt countryside. Since the days of the industrial revolution, awareness of a clean and ecologically stable environment has grown, and the

70、oft-quoted 'smog' of London is a thing of the past. Problems and controversies still remain with pollution, but as we shall see later, there are now a large number of environmental groups ready to publicise such

71、things and campaign f</p><p>　　Foreign visitors travelling through Britain then will probably be surprised at the large areas of unspoilt countryside between the villages and towns. Another thing they will n

72、ote is that in many of the towns and villages they pass through they will come across many old, historic buildings which have been maintained with great pride. The British, it seems, have a strong sense of history and re

73、gard the preservation of such monuments as very important. They also like to remember those who have mad</p><p>　　Chapter III  .Different customs</p><p>　　The English and Chinese are two la

74、nguages not only the grammar structure which creates sentences with the word different, moreover the expression thought method is different, uses the image also has the difference. Translates the Chinese aspect in Englan

75、d, the key lies in the accurate understanding original text, how lies in the translation to get rid of the original text restricting, avoids the foreign accent ocean accent. This time is uses Chinese to rewrite, therefor

76、e to Chinese request big s</p><p>　　Most idioms have their national characteristics because of their different life experiences. For example , the English idiom “a piece of cake”小菜一碟means something easy to d

77、o . The cake is a kin d of common food in British, so they use a piece cake to refer to things easy to do. While in China, things are different. Eating a dish of side dishes 一碟小菜 is more commonly used to refer to somethi

78、ng easy to do , just like a piece of cake in English .</p><p>　　3.1 In terms of history</p><p>　　Both Britain and China  have a long history, and the historical allusion have become the gem

79、s of their cultures . These allusion bearing the distinct cultural personality and rich historical and cultural information can best embody the historical and cultural characteristics. For example:</p><p>　　

80、Sword of Damocles: to be in danger of having something unlucky or bad happen</p><p><b>　　千鈞一發(fā)</b></p><p>　　In the year 4B.C in Syracuse , there was a tyrant Dionysius. He had a chanc

81、ellor named Damocles who admired the royal very much. One day , the king let him sit on his throne ,when looking up ; he saw a sword hanging over his head. The kng made this agreement to make him understand that though t

82、he body was in throne, the pressure to be killed at any time existed to cross the Rubicon: to do something which will have very important results , which cannot be changed later.</p><p><b>　　孤注一擲</b

83、></p><p>　　The allusion is from Julius Caesar . After he left his army unconstitutionally cross the River Rubicon in 49B.C.,his province was separated from Italy, which led to the Civil War directly.</

84、p><p><b>　　臥薪嘗膽</b></p><p>　　To sleep under the straw, taste bitter then eating and sleeping. This idiom describes people who work very hard in order to be successful . The allusio

85、n is about GouJian , the emperor of  Yue in Warring State Period. When his country was beaten by Wu, he was captured and served for 3 years in Wu place as a slave ; however ,he did not lose heart . GouJian hung gall

86、 under the ceiling whether in or out ,sitting or standing ,even eating and sleeping, he often tasted the gall to encourage himself . A</p><p>　　3.2 Both countries have their different religious faith which m

87、ay cause the difference</p><p>　　With the opening and development of China , some foreign affairs and culture have entered our world . In this case , the communication across the country , with some foreign

88、countries , but it is not a single matter , what we face is the culture , thought , customs and behavior from a strange country and culture , so there is a culture conflict ,we can see the conflict and problems in interc

89、ultural communication again and again: one country’s present think that the gesture means friendly , but i</p><p>　　Because different people come from different society ,religion and living environment ,ther

90、e are different language customs, social culture and customs , etc,. Different culture brings different speaking way and living habit ,therefore , people like to use their own way to explain the other person’s langu

91、age , this can lead to an inaccurate conclusion to a conflict ,there are varied of reasons which caused the culture conflicts between China and western countries.</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Id

92、ioms are the essence of the national language and the part of language , and the richest in the national cultural characteristics. With the development of the national culture, more and more words are employed in English

93、 and Chinese idioms , they read smooth and sound pleasant to ear ,and they are widespread and popularized. This paper compared Chinese and western idioms from geography, customs , historical allusion, and relig

94、ion. The purpose of the comparative study is to make readers underst</p><p><b>　　Notes</b></p><p>　　【1】英語習(xí)慣用語手冊(cè).北京：光明日?qǐng)?bào)出版社，1986</p><p>　　【2】常用習(xí)語[S]北京：外文出版社，2000</p>

95、;<p>　　【3】英漢習(xí)語的文化觀照與對(duì)比[M].武漢: 武漢大學(xué)出版社, 2000</p><p>　　【4】實(shí)用漢英翻譯[M].成都: 四川大學(xué)出版社, 2002</p><p>　　【5】英語習(xí)語研究[M].上海: 上海外語教育出版社, 2005</p><p>　　【6】英語習(xí)語與英美文化[M].北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2000</

96、p><p>　　【7】新編簡明英語習(xí)語手冊(cè)[S].北京：知識(shí)出版社，2002</p><p>　　【8】《水龍吟·和幕府賀策應(yīng)》</p><p>　　【9】清·曾樸《孽?；ā返谌?lt;/p><p>　　【10】《越王勾踐》</p><p>　　Bibliography</p><

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99、4.Nida Eugene , the theory and practice of translation leiden E.J.brill,1982</p><p>　　5.Susan Shiping, a research on English idioms . Shanhai   Shanhai foreign Language Educatin Press,2006</p>&l

100、t;p>　　6.LiYuping ,English idiomsandtheir CulturalOrigin .tianjin   Nankai University Press ,2006</p><p>　　7.《水龍吟·和幕府賀策應(yīng)》</p><p>　　8. 英語習(xí)慣用語手冊(cè).北京：光明日?qǐng)?bào)出版社，1986</p>&l